达氏鲟亲鱼培育池浮游植物初级生产力的研究

2011年6月至2012年3月,用黑白瓶测氧法研究达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)亲鱼池浮游植物初级生产力和水柱耗氧量的垂直分布和昼夜变化。结果表明,达氏鲟亲鱼池浮游植物的初级生产力垂直分布极不均匀;随着季节的变化,其垂直分布也有显著的差异,一般表层高于中层,中层显著高于底层;浮游植物初级生产力的月度变动也较大,年均值为(4.08±2.14)g/(m2·d),最高值出现在6月,为8.19 g/(m2·d),最低值出现在1月,为0.25 g/(m2·d)。水柱耗氧量的垂直分布则相对比较均匀,没有明显的分层现象,为1.0~2.5 mg/L。从昼夜分布看,不同时间段初级生产力的贡献率差别十分明显,10∶00-16∶00为初级生产力的主要生产时段,但各时段池塘水柱耗氧量的差异并不显著。相关分析表明,光照强度、水温、透明度是决定达氏鲟亲鱼培育池初级生产力的主要生态因子;采用分段挂瓶法的测定值要显著高于24 h连续挂瓶的结果。     

河蟹饵料池中轮虫接种对单胞藻种群增长的影响

研究了河蟹饵料培养池中轮虫接种后浮游植物的种群变动.结果表明:轮虫接种后浮游植物高峰期很快消落,绿藻、硅藻等小型藻类生物量很快下降,而裸藻、甲藻等大型藻类的生物量增加,浮游植物的种类组成趋于大型化.     

硫酸氘制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的研究

以多种淡水浮游绿藻的混合藻种为培养对象,在人工培养液中添加不同含量的硫酸氘(D2SO4)制剂进行培养,通过测定藻液光密度(OD)值研究了不同浓度D2SO4制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的效果。结果显示:(D2SO4)制剂在9~20℃温度条件下能促进淡水浮游藻类生物量的增加。在重氢OPAL723TM试验中,浓度0.2‰组藻类增加最多,其结果与对照有显著差异(P(0.05),与0.05‰组和0.001‰组差异不显著(P>0.05);在重氢511T试验中,浓度1‰组藻类增加最多,其他组随浓度降低藻类增加量相应减少。     

饵料密度对卜氏晶囊轮虫种群数量变动和生产力的影响

饵料密度实验表明 ,在 2 8℃下 ,当草履虫密度分别为 10 0cell·mL-1(77mg·L-1)、2 0 0cell·mL-1(15 4mg·L-1)、30 0cell·mL-1(2 31mg·L-1)和 4 0 0cell·mL-1(30 8mg·L-1)时 ,卜氏晶囊轮虫在群体培养条件下的最大持续产量 (MSY)、水体容纳量、种群增长期的平均生产量和增长率均以饵料密度 30 0cell·mL-1组为最高 ,分别为 :6 .4ind·mL-1·d-1(35 5mg·L-1·d·-1)、13.7ind·mL-1(76 0 .6mg·L-1)、5 5 (mg·L-1·d·-1)和 1.4 4 96 (d-1)。实验结果还表明 ,在饵料密度 10 0～ 30 0cell·mL-1范围内 ,种群的最大持续产量 (MSY)、达到最大持续产量时的生物量 (CSC)和达到MSY及容纳量的时间均随饵料密度增加而提高或延长。但是 ,当饵料密度达到 4 0 0cell·mL-1时 ,上述指标反而降低或缩短。以草履虫为饵时晶囊轮虫的日粮为 14 6 %～ 70 7% ,饵料系数 19.8～91.7。     

如何利用轮虫和浮萍快速培育大规格草鱼种

<正>一、浮萍的培育一般在4月初浮萍开始萌发,此时选择面积1～2亩,池深1～1.5米,光照条件好,池底淤泥肥厚,保水性好的鱼塘。用生石灰清塘后,每亩施腐熟的鸡粪800     

不同光照条件对浮游植物生物量与多样性的影响

通过构建光照强度与浮游植物生物量和群落结构特征参数的关系曲线,为三峡水库水华预测预报模型的构建提供基础数据,同时也为水库调度的方案提供理论依据。基于三峡水库野外原位观测数据的分析结果,针对性设计不同梯度光照强度下浮游植物的生长演替规律室内控制实验。结果表明:(1)光照是影响浮游植物生物量和多样性的关键要素,光照强度0~4 500 lx,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而增加,在光照强度为4 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最大,但光强超过4 500 lx之后,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而减少;光照强度0~1 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光强的增加而增加,在光照强度为1 500 lx时,浮游植物群落多样性达到最大;光照强度1 500~4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而减少;当光强超过4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而增加;(2)从制定三峡水库生态调度方案的角度来看,当光照强度在1 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最低,此时其群落多样性达到最大,为最佳的调度方案光照参数;(3)浮游植物生物量(y)与光照强度(x)的关系为:y=2×10~(-8)x~3-5×10~(-4)x~2+3.1923x-122.92(R~2=0.934,P0.01),两者极显著相关;多样性指数(y)与光照强度(x)的关系式为:y=2×10~(-12)x~3-3×10~(-8)x~2+10~(-4)x+0.3266(R~2=0.554,P0.01),两者极显著相关。     

虾池浮游植物初级生产力的研究

用黑白瓶测氧法对辽宁省庄河青堆水产公司虾池整个养殖期间（5～9月）浮游植物初级生产力进行研究。虾池浮游植物的初级生产力为（5．45±2．36）gO2／（m2·d），日P／B系数为2．39（0．67～6.66），浮游植物对太阳有效辐射的利用率为0．78（0．24～2．18）％，浮游植物毛产量到虾产量的转化效率为7．41％；回归分析表明，浮游植物生物量和太阳有效辐射量是决定虾池浮游植物初级生产力大小的主要因子。磷是虾池营养盐的第一限制因子，氮是第二限制因子。     

氯化物水型盐碱池塘浮游植物的季节演替

于１９９７年４月至１９９８年９月对山东高青赵店乡渔场３４口盐碱池塘浮游植物季节演替及其与生态因子的关系进行了研究,共采集３８７个浮游植物定量水样。结果表明,浮的的季节变动并不遵循同一模式,种类组成上硅藻生物量的优势地位在各类型池塘中均很突出。裸藻和蓝藻主要在夏季高温季节大发生,金藻和春季和秋冬季数量较大;生物量上季节变化变动的特点是一般都有盛夏和初秋的生物量主高峰和鱼类放养早期的春季生物量次高峰,     

Hydrography and spatial variability in the size distribution of phytoplankton along the Kurile Islands in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean

Spatial variability in the size distribution of the phytoplankton community along the Kurile Islands, in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean, was investigated in terms of chlorophyll a concentrations in August and September, 1990. Analysis of dynamic height relative to 1,500 db and temperature–salinity diagrams at 50 m depth revealed five major oceanographic regions in this study area. The characteristic hydrography was clearly related to the surface distribution of chlorophyll a concentrations. As a warm core ring originating from the Kuroshio water was cooled by the surrounding water and meteorological conditions, its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics changed. Dominant picoplankton were replaced by a 10-2 μm size fraction in the warm core ring. In the Oyashio region, physical structures were less variable but concentrations of chlorophyll a were most variable and cells larger than 10 μn dominated. An anticlockwise eddy found in the Oyashio water showed the highest concentration of chlorophyll a. In the Okhotsk region, the chlorophyll standing stock was small with a low percentage of cells larger than 10 μm in spite of high nitrate concentrations. Along the Kurile Islands and Hokkaido Island, the surface mixed layer was not well defined; surface nitrate concentrations were relatively high, and the chlorophyll standing crop was also high with low percentages of picoplankton. The spatial heterogeneity in the dominance of cells larger than 10 μm in phytoplankton assemblages seems to be clearly associated with the effect of nitrate availability determined by water structure.     

Space–time patterns of co‐variation of biodiversity and primary production in phytoplankton guilds of coastal marine environments

• 1. The relevance of biodiversity to ecosystem processes is a major topic in ecology. Here, we analyse the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds in coastal marine ecosystems.
• 2. The patterns of variation of species richness, diversity and primary productivity (as ¹⁴C assimilation) were studied in two marine areas: a eutrophic–mesotrophic area beside the River Po delta (northern Adriatic) and an oligotrophic area around the Salento peninsula (southern Adriatic–Ionian). The study was carried out at 23 sites in the northern area and at 45 sites in the southern area. Sites were arranged on expected spatial and temporal gradients of primary productivity variation, according to distance from the coast, optical depths and seasonal period.
• 3. 167 taxa were identified in the northern area and 153 taxa in the southern area. In both areas, the taxonomic composition of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds exhibited greater temporal than spatial variation. The latter was much higher in the southern area than in the northern area (average dissimilarity between stations being 70.7±0.8% and 44.7±4.2% respectively).
• 4. Primary productivity varied in space and time on the gradients considered. Phytoplankton species richness and diversity exhibited significant patterns of variation in space and time; overall, these were inversely related to the primary productivity patterns in the northern area, whereas they were directly related in the southern area.
• 5. The small individual size and the high turnover rate of phytoplankton are likely to underlie the observed relationships, which emphasized a threshold response to nutrient enrichment in agreement with the ‘paradox of enrichment’. Under resource enrichment conditions, the high turnover of producers leads to hierarchical partitioning of the available resources with an increasing dominance of a few species. Therefore, the relationship observed here seems likely to be explained by the complementarity hypothesis.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘叶绿素a分布和初级生产力估算

于2007、2008年每年的3-11月,对大连沿海地区的仿刺参养殖池塘叶绿素a含量进行了调查,并对初级生产力进行了估算.结果表明,大连沿海各地区的仿刺参养殖池塘中叶绿素a年均含量为2.11～5.40 mg/m3,最高值出现在2007年8月的庄河,平均值为12.96 mg/m3,最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为0.17 mg/m3.仿刺参养殖池塘中初级生产力的年均值为111.38～272.58 mg/(m2 · d),最高值出现在2007年6月的瓦房店复州湾地区,平均值为602.72 mg/(m2 · d),最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为16.47 mg/(m2 · d).     

哈蟆通水库水位变化对浮游植物初级生产力及能量转化效率的影响

1991-1993年水位变化对哈蟆通水库浮游植物初级生产力及能量转化效率和多样性影响的研究结果表明：1）浮游植物现存量随水位下降而升高；2）浮游植物初级生产力与水位的变化有明显的相关性；3）能量转化效率随水位的下降而降低，天然饵料资源未得到充分利用；4）浮游植物多样性指数随水位降低而变小，呈明显的相关性（r=0.925)。     

鳜鱼养殖池塘水体叶绿素a与16项水生态因子的关系

对广东省新会与南海16口鳜鱼(Sinipercachuatsi)养殖池塘水体叶绿素a、水温、pH值、溶解氧、总铵氮、磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐等17项水生态因子的水平变化进行测定,取62次测定数据,讨论P10～P90百分位数区间各因子对叶绿素a的影响,求出各因子间的相关系数。建立叶绿素a(y-因变量)与其他16项水生态因子(xi-自变量)间的3种数学模型:Y=f(x1,x2,……x16),Y=f(x1,x12,x2,x22,……x16,x162),Y=f(x1,x12,x13,x2,x22,x23……x16,x162,x163)。模型的预测准确率分别为68.9%、82.7%和90.1%。结果表明,叶绿素a与其他16项水生态因子间存在曲线函数关系。它们与叶绿素a(y)相互影响,从大到小顺序依次是:第一类为COD、钙和细菌总数;第二类为亚硝酸盐、溶解氧、浊度和pH值;第三类为Mg、磷酸盐、CO2、温度和总碱度;第四类为铵氮、硝酸盐、总硬度和非离子氨。本研究推出养殖池塘水体叶绿素a与其他各水生态因子的关系模型,旨为对探讨水生态因子的调控途径、寻求最佳养殖条件提供科学依据。     

Effects of cage fish farming on phytoplankton community structure,biomass and primary production in an aquaculture area in the middle Adriatic Sea

In this study, we investigated the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water column at two stations under different trophic conditions during a 1‐year period (from September 2005 to September 2006) in an aquaculture area. The investigation was performed monthly at a station inside the fish farm in Maslinova Bay (middle Adriatic Sea, Croatia) and at a control station located in the Hvar Channel in the vicinity of the farm. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved nutrients were slightly enhanced at the farm station in comparison with the control station, although those differences were not statistically significant, nor were the differences in oxygen saturation recorded during the investigation period. As opposed to the chemical parameters, considerably higher deviations were recorded for biological parameters as demonstrated by a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass and primary production (measured in situ) at the farm station, particularly during the summer season. Phytoplankton community structure analysis showed that the phytoplankton composition at the farm was mostly determined by seasonal changes rather than by the influence of fish farming. In Maslinova Bay, no causal links were identified between increased biomass and the appearance of toxic species.     

Diet and harvesting regimen for the production of mud crab Scylla olivacea in brackish water ponds

ABSTRACT:   The effects of diet (fish bycatch or a mixed diet of 75% brown mussel flesh and 25% cooked cracked corn) and harvesting regimen (bimonthly selective harvesting, or single terminal harvesting) on growth, survival and production of mud crab Scylla olivacea (Herbst) in brackish water ponds were determined in a replicated factorial experiment. The crabs were stocked at 0.6 individuals per m² for 118 days. There was no significant interaction ( P  > 0.05) between the diet and harvesting regimen treatments. Regardless of diet, the survival rate and net production of mud crabs were significantly higher ( P  < 0.05) when crabs were subjected to bimonthly selective harvesting than at single terminal harvest. Comparative cost–return analysis showed that bimonthly selective harvesting and mixed diet treatments attained higher net return and return on investment, and lower cost of production than the other treatments. Partial budgeting analysis showed that bigger profits can be earned by using a bimonthly selective harvesting and a mixed diet of 75% fresh or fresh-frozen brown mussel flesh and 25% cooked cracked corn.     

凡纳滨对虾养殖塘叶绿素a与水质因子的多元回归分析

2009年4-9月期间,对上海市奉贤区某凡纳滨对虾养殖场22个养殖池塘水体叶绿素a、水温、pH、溶解氧、透明度、悬浮物(SS)、总有机碳(TOC)、五日生化需氧量(BOD₅)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)等15项水质因子进行测定。取164组测定数据,进行描述性统计,分析叶绿素a与各项因子的相关性系数。分析结果显示,与叶绿素a呈极显著线性正相关的水质因子为SS、TOC、BOD₅、COD_Mn、TN、TP;呈显著正相关的为DO;而叶绿素a与透明度呈极显著线性负相关,与PO^3-₄-P呈显著线性负相关;与水温、pH、NO^-₂-N、 NO^-₃-N、NH₃-N则未呈现显著相关性。根据多元线性回归选择自变量的原则,选择了TOC、TN、PO^3-₄-P和TP₄项水质因子,建立了叶绿素a与4项水质因子的逐步回归模型:Chl.a =-0.054 5+0.0034 9 TOC+0.015 3 TN-0.418 PO^3-₄-P+0.276 TP(r=0.715 5)。利用偏回归系数检验各水质因子对叶绿素a的影响,结果表明,对叶绿素a影响从大到小依次是TP、TOC、PO^3-₄-P和TN。研究结果对进一步探讨养殖池塘生态系统的变化规律及水环境质量保护提供了依据。