Conservation agriculture and gendered livelihoods in Northwestern Cambodia: decision-making,space and access

Smallholder farmers in Rattanakmondol District, Battambang Province, Cambodia face challenges related to soil erosion, declining yields, climate change, and unsustainable tillage-based farming practices in their efforts to increase food production within maize-based systems. In 2010, research for development programs began introducing agricultural production systems based on conservation agriculture (CA) to smallholder farmers located in four communities within Rattanakmondol District as a pathway for addressing these issues. Understanding gendered practices and perspectives is integral to adapting CA technologies to the needs of local communities. This research identifies how gender differences regarding farmers’ access to assets, practices, and engagement in intra-household negotiations could constrain or facilitate the dissemination of CA. Our mixed-methods approach includes focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, famer field visits, and a household survey. Gender differences in access to key productive assets may affect men’s and women’s individual ability to adapt CA. Farmers perceive the practices and technologies of CA as labor-saving, with the potential to reduce men’s and women’s labor burden in land-preparation activities. However, when considered in relation to the full array of productive and reproductive livelihood activities, CA can disproportionately affect men’s and women’s labor. Decisions about agricultural livelihoods were not always made jointly, with socio-cultural norms and responsibilities structuring an individual’s ability to participate in intra-household negotiations. While gender differences in power relations affect intra-household decision-making, men and women household members collectively negotiate the transition to CA-based production systems.     

Mapping subsoil acidity and shallow soil across a field with information from yield maps, geophysical sensing and the grower

Management decisions, such as subsoil liming or varying fertilizer inputs to take account of soil depth and anticipated yields require knowledge of where subsoil constraints to root growth occur across the field. We used selected yield maps based on criteria derived from crop simulation, apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a), gamma-ray emission maps and a soil type map drawn by the grower to predict the spatial distribution of subsoil acidity and shallow soil across a field. Yield maps integrate the effects of variation in soil and climate, and it was only under specific seasonal conditions that subsoil constraints depressed yields. We used crop simulation modelling to select yield maps with a large information content on the spatial distribution of these constraints and to omit those with potentially misleading information. Yield and other spatial data layers were used alone or in combination to develop subsoil mapping options to accommodate differences in data availability, access to precision agriculture techniques and the grower’s aptitude and preference. One option used gamma-ray spectrometry and EM38 survey as a dual-sensing system to improve data interpretation. Gamma-ray spectrometry helped to overcome the inability of current EC_a-based methods to sense soil depth in highly weathered sandy soil over cemented gravel. A feature of the approaches presented here is the use of grower and agronomist knowledge, and experience to help interpret the spatial data layers and to evaluate which approach is most suitable and likely to be adopted to suit an individual.     

豫西地区不同类型农田化肥增产效益及增产潜力研究

 【目的】探讨化肥在豫西地区不同地形农田的增产效益与增产潜力，为引导和实现化肥的优化配置和合理施用、提高豫西地区粮食产量提供参考依据。【方法】采用田间试验，研究了豫西地区平川地、坡平地、坡地等3种典型地形农田化肥施用量对作物产量的影响；并对3种典型农田化肥消费量与粮食产量的多年统计资料进行了分析，提出了二者之间的关系，并由此对豫西地区粮食增产潜力进行了预测。【结果】作物单产以平川地最高，坡平地次之，坡地最低。尽管在3种类型农田上使用化肥均可大幅度增加作物产量，但化肥增产效益以坡地最高，坡平地次之，平川地最低；对3种典型地形农田化肥消费量与粮食产量多年统计资料的分析也获得相同结论。根据田间试验结果对未来豫西地区粮食产量及增产潜力进行的预测表明，当采用本研究中最大施肥量时，豫西地区粮食总产量可达到4.24×109 kg，是2003年该地区粮食产量的2.1倍；并预测在增加粮食产量中，坡地贡献率占50.1%、坡平地占33.7%、平川地占16.2%，坡地和坡平地粮食生产对该地区粮食总产量具有决定作用。【结论】豫西地区3种典型地形农田中化肥增产效益存在差异，以坡地化肥增产效益最大。因此，加强坡地化肥投入，可有效地提高本区粮食总产量，对今后本区粮食的增产具有重要意义。     

The triple burden: the impact of time poverty on women’s participation in coffee producer organizational governance in Mexico

In the mid-1990s, fairtrade-organic registration data showed that only 9 % of Oaxaca, Mexico’s organic coffee ‘farm operators’ were women; by 2013 the female farmer rate had increased to 42 %. Our research investigates the impact of this significant increase in women’s coffee association participation among 210 members of two coffee producer associations in Oaxaca, Mexico. We find that female coffee organization members report high levels of household decision-making power and they are more likely than their male counterparts to report control over their coffee income. These significant advances in women’s agency within the household are offset by the fact that the women experience significant time poverty as they engage in coffee production while bearing a disproportionate share of domestic labor obligations. The women coffee producers view organizational labor as a third burden on their time, after their reproductive and productive labor. The time poverty they experience limits their ability to fully participate in coffee organizational governance and consequently there are few women leaders at all levels of the coffee producer businesses. This is problematic because it limits women’s ability to fully benefit from organizational membership: when women fully participate in governance they gain valuable business and leadership skills and producer associations with active female members may also be more likely to develop and maintain programs and policies that enhance gender equity. Our findings indicate that targeted agricultural development programs to improve gender equity among agricultural smallholders should involve creative ways to ease women’s labor burdens and reduce their time poverty in order to facilitate full organizational participation. The research findings fill a gap in existing studies of agricultural global value chains (GVCs) by demonstrating how the certified coffee GVC depends on women’s under and un-paid labor not only within the household but also within producer organizations.     

A potential solution for food security in Kenya: implications of the Quzhou model in China

Poor soil fertility due to low nutrient inputs is a major factor limiting grain production in Kenya. Increasing soil fertility for crop productivity in China has implications for food security in Kenya. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the historical patterns of grain production, nutrient inputs, soil fertility and policies in Quzhou, a typical agricultural county on the North China Plain, and to compare grain production in Quzhou County and Kenya to identify a potential approach for increasing grain production in Kenya. Grain yields in Quzhou increased from 1 to 3 t·ha⁻¹ between 1961 and 1987 by increasing manure application accompanied by small amounts of chemical fertilizer after soil desalinization. There was a further increase from 3 to 5 t·ha⁻¹ up to 1996 which can be mainly attributed to chemical fertilizer use and policy support. Hence, a beneficial cycle between soil fertility and plant growth in Quzhou grain production was developed and strengthened. In contrast, there was only a slight increase in grain yields in Kenya over this period, resulting from low soil fertility with limited external nutrient inputs, a consequence of poor socioeconomic development. It is suggested that grain yields in Kenya would likely be boosted by the development of a self-reinforcing cycling between soil fertility and plant growth with manure and chemical fertilizer use if supported by policy and socioeconomic development.     

Exclusions in inclusive programs: state-sponsored sustainable development initiatives amongst the Kurichya in Kerala,India

We critically discuss the impact of sustainable development initiatives in Kerala, India, on biodiversity and on women farmers in the matrilineal Adivasi community of the Kurichya-tribe in Wayanad. By contextualizing development programs regarding the specifically gendered access to land, division of labor, distribution of knowledge and decision-making power, we situate our analysis within the theoretical framework of feminist political ecology. We first outline women’s gaining of social and political space in local self-government institutions (Panchayath) and then critically discuss the impacts of women’s farming groups (Joint Liability Groups: JLGs). Decentralization and development programs have aimed at empowering women and reducing poverty through improved food security. However, little success has materialized, as patriarchal power structures concerning decision-making processes as well as control over the most valuable resources (land and rice) and traditional knowledge have been maintained. Whereas women’s self-help groups (Kudumbasree) in Kerala have enhanced their position, women’s farming groups (JLGs), by contrast, have brought little betterment. In some cases they have even downsized women’s management and knowledge of resources related to agriculture and do not integrate or enhance Kurichya women’s knowledge. As some women are now introducing high-yielding rice seeds and fertilizer and as it is impossible for them to control land and get access to traditional rice seeds—the domain of men—we contest the notion of women being considered the preservers of agrobiodiversity. We argue, rather, that the construction and transformation of ecological traditional knowledge is highly dependent on the gendered multi-scaled power structures of state and community.     

What happens after technology adoption? Gendered aspects of small-scale irrigation technologies in Ethiopia,Ghana, and Tanzania

Diverse agricultural technologies are promoted to increase yields and incomes, save time, improve food and nutritional security, and even empower women. Yet a gender gap in technology adoption remains for many agricultural technologies, even for those that are promoted for women. This paper complements the literature on gender and technology adoption, which largely focuses on reasons for low rates of female technology adoption, by shifting attention to what happens within a household after it adopts a technology. Understanding the expected benefits and costs of adoption, from the perspective of women users in households with adult males, can help explain observed technology adoption rates and why technology adoption is often not sustained in the longer term. Drawing on qualitative data from Ethiopia, Ghana, and Tanzania, this paper develops a framework for examining the intrahousehold distribution of benefits from technology adoption, focusing on small-scale irrigation technologies. The framework contributes to the conceptual and empirical exploration of joint control over technology by men and women in the same household. Efforts to promote technology adoption for agricultural development and women’s empowerment would benefit from an understanding of intrahousehold control over technology to avoid interpreting technology adoption as an end in and of itself.     

有机物料输入对干润砂质新成土可溶性有机碳、氮的影响

对采集于干润砂质新成土不同土层土壤分别添加高C/N(黑麦草)和低C/N(苜蓿)有机物料后进行了室内培养试验。结果表明,各土层土壤添加有机物料后,均存在不同程度的矿质氮微生物净固定现象,且氮固定时间及程度与有机物料的C/N和土壤层次密切相关,添加高C/N黑麦草的深层低肥力土壤氮固定现象最明显。添加有机物料后,培养期间可溶性有机碳(DOC)累积量前期较高,中期先减后增,后期趋于稳定,不同土层土壤DOC的变化有所不同。0～20、20～40cm可溶性有机氮(DON)累积同时受矿质氮固定影响,低C/N苜蓿残体加入土壤后,在短暂氮素固定后,后期DON累积量明显提高;而加入高C/N黑麦草残体后,在较长时间内DON累积量无明显增加。添加有机物料导致培养前期土壤DOC/DON上升,随后降低。以上研究结果表明,如果从增加干润砂质新成土土壤有机质角度考虑,应该种植高C/N比的植物。因此,研究有利于进一步深入理解土壤溶液速效C、N养分的来源及其转化,对该地区土壤质量的调控具有一定参考价值。     

Seeing below the surface: making soil processes visible to Ugandan smallholder farmers through a constructivist and experiential extension approach

Ugandan smallholder farmers need to feed a growing population, but their efforts are hampered by declining soil fertility rates. Agricultural extension can facilitate farmers’ access to new practices and technologies, yet farmers are understandably often hesitant to adopt new behaviors. New knowledge assimilation is an important component of behavior change that is often overlooked or poorly addressed by current extension efforts. We implemented a Fertility Management Education Program (FMEP) in central Uganda to investigate smallholder farmers’ existing soil knowledge and their assimilation of new scientific concepts into their knowledge framework. Qualitative data were collected through participant observation, farmer interviews, and focus groups, and coded for using a priori and emergent themes. Our exploration revealed some notable similarities between farmers’ soil knowledge and scientific concepts, particularly in regards to soil health concepts, a discovery that could facilitate communication between extension agents and farmers. However, certain scientific concepts are either unknown to farmers or discordant with existing soil knowledge; these concepts are unlikely to be assimilated by farmers without convincing and concerted extension efforts. Importantly, we found that the combination of new scientific knowledge and hands-on experimentation with novel practices gave farmers far greater confidence in implementing improved soil management practices. Our study provides evidence that extension programs should engage directly with farmers’ existing soil knowledge to develop their understanding of key biological concepts and confidence in implementing improved practices.     

东北三省春玉米产量差时空分布特征

【目的】随着人口增加、气候变化和环境问题日益凸显,粮食生产能力及粮食安全受到广泛重视。然而,目前中国粮食产量远远低于作物潜在产量,如何利用有限耕地生产更多粮食已经成为中国农业目前面临的重大问题。东北三省是中国重要的玉米生产区,其春玉米产量占全国总产量的29%,该区玉米产量提升对中国粮食安全具有重要的意义。【方法】论文以东北三省春玉米种植区为研究区域,基于1961—2010年气候资料、农业气象观测站作物资料和统计资料,利用农业生产系统模拟模型(APSIM-Maize)和数理统计方法,解析气候变化背景下研究区域春玉米潜在产量与实际产量的差及各级产量差的时空分布特征,为提升东北三省春玉米产量提供科学依据和参考。【结果】东北三省春玉米潜在产量与农户实际产量之间产量差(总产量差)呈明显的经向和纬向分布(P0.01),即由南向北递减,由西向东递减,且地区间差异较大,变化范围为4.8—11.9 t·hm~(-2)。春玉米潜在产量与可获得产量之间的产量差(产量差1)、可获得产量与农户潜在产量之间的产量差(产量差2)均呈现随经度升高而降低的趋势,这与春玉米生长季内降水量分布有关。产量差1变化范围在0.06—3.2 t·hm~(-2)之间,产量差2地区间差异较大,变化范围为1.7—8.0 t·hm~(-2),主要是由于栽培管理措施的差异造成的。从全区50年平均来看,春玉米潜在产量与实际产量间的产量差为64%,其中由于不可转化的技术因素、农学因素和经济社会因素限制的产量差分别为8%、40%和16%。从时间变化趋势来看,过去50年(1961—2010)研究区域春玉米各级产量差均呈现减小的趋势,其中总产量差和产量差3呈显著缩小趋势(P0.01),每10年分别缩小1.55 t·hm~(-2)和1.40 t·hm~(-2),但产量差1和产量差2变化趋势并不显著。【结论】东北三省春玉米潜在产量与农户实际产量之间的产量差呈明显的经向和纬向分布,即由南向北递减,由西向东递减。农学因素是限制当地玉米产量提升的主要因素,通过改善农学因素,如提高栽培管理措施、改善土壤条件和更换高产品种可有效缩小产量差达40%。     

华南地区壮伟环毛蚓（Amynthas robustus）和皮质远盲蚓（Amynthas corticis）对土壤酶活性和微生物学特征的影响

【目的】研究华南地区两种常见蚯蚓对水稻土和菜园土的土壤酶活性和微生物学特征的影响。【方法】选取两种生态类型蚯蚓：壮伟环毛蚓（Amynthas robustus）和皮质远盲蚓（Amynthas corticis）,接种到水稻土和菜园土中。通过分析蚯蚓对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶以及土壤基础呼吸、微生物量碳、微生物代谢熵等微生物特征的影响,探讨其对不同土壤的生物学性状的作用。【结果】皮质远盲蚓可以显著提高水稻土基础呼吸,增强过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性,并降低酸性磷酸酶活性（P＜0.05）;两种蚯蚓均可增加菜园土脲酶活性,同时壮伟环毛蚓能够促进转化酶活性提高,而皮质远盲蚓则有利于过氧化氢酶活性增强（P＜0.05）。多元数据分析结果显示皮质远盲蚓和壮伟环毛蚓均能够显著提高两种土壤的生物学综合性状（P＜0.05）;且皮质远盲蚓对菜园土生物质量的优化作用高于壮伟环毛蚓。【结论】蚯蚓活动有助于土壤生物学质量的提高,因此其能够作为有效生物资源应用于可持续土壤管理体系。但是,蚯蚓对土壤生物学性状的改变与蚯蚓自身生态类型和土壤特征密切相关。在未来工作中,根据不同土壤特征进行蚓种筛选和适宜有机物添加十分必要。     

我国林农信贷需求特征与信贷约束分析——基于福建、浙江、江西、广西四省区的林农调查数据

通过对林农信贷需求与信贷供给情况的调查发现:在金融需求方面,林农信贷需求十分强烈,借款以生产性用途为主,资金需求规模大、期限长,且主要来自正规金融,但林农普遍面临信贷约束,现有信贷需求未能有效满足;在金融供给方面,林业信贷服务体系存在缺陷,林业信贷供给不足。总体来看,林业信贷供求矛盾突出,其根本原因是有效金融供给不足。因此,为增加有效金融供给,需围绕林农信贷需求特征,构筑一个功能完备的金融服务体系并形成相关配套政策,增强金融机构信贷供给意愿和金融创新力度,从根本上解决林业信贷供求矛盾。     

再生水中典型PAHs垂向迁移特征研究

[目的]探究在模拟灌溉条件下,再生水中典型多环芳烃的迁移特征和影响因素。[方法]通过土柱模拟试验,以再生水中多环芳烃萘、菲、芘为对象,北京市东南郊再生水灌区典型土壤为试验介质,对再生水连续灌溉时多环芳烃的迁移情况以及土柱出水中DOM的性质进行分析。[结果]实际土壤介质对多环芳烃的吸附能力不能单纯用土壤有机碳含量很好地描述,组成复杂的介质对多环芳烃的吸附能力增强,萘的实际阻滞因子超过理论值约7倍;多环芳烃在非均质介质中的迁移存在界面效应,土壤有机碳含量差距越大,界面效应越明显;孔隙水流速以及孔隙尺寸增大,会造成固相上多环芳烃的解吸,发生二次迁移。微生物活动能促进多环芳烃的迁移。[结论]该研究可为建立基于地下水质量安全的再生水灌溉模式的提出奠定基础。     

湖南省双季稻产量差时空分布特征

【目的】湖南省是中国主要的双季稻种植区之一,2014年湖南水稻总产量位居全国第一,在中国籼稻生产中占重要地位。研究湖南省双季稻区早稻和晚稻潜在产量特征,明确潜在产量、实际产量以及产量差时空分布特征。【方法】论文基于湖南省1981—2010年气候资料、水稻作物资料、土壤资料及产量统计资料,对ORYZA v3进行调参和验证,选用决定系数(R2)、D指标、均方根误差(RMSE)、归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)等评价指标来评价模型调参验证的结果。然后利用调参验证后的ORYZA v3模型并结合Arc GIS软件模拟分析湖南省双季稻的潜在产量时空分布特征,再结合双季稻实际产量,分析早稻和晚稻产量差绝对值及相对值过去30年的时间变化趋势及空间分布特征,明确研究区域双季稻的产量可提升空间。【结果】(1)调参验证后的ORYZA v3模型对研究区域早稻和晚稻的出苗—穗分化、出苗—开花、出苗—成熟的时间(天数)以及产量具有较好模拟效果,可用于湖南双季稻潜在产量模拟研究。(2)1981—2010年间湖南省早稻和晚稻潜在产量呈北高南低的空间分布特征,高值区为研究区域中部的武冈和邵阳等地,低值区为南部的丘陵地区;研究区域内东部地区双季稻潜在产量稳定性略高于西部地区,早稻潜在产量稳定性高于晚稻。研究时段内早稻和晚稻潜在产量随时间呈降低趋势,且晚稻潜在产量降低速率更快。(3)研究区域内双季稻产量差空间分布差异较大。研究区域内北部地区早稻和晚稻产量差最大,表明该地区双季稻产量有较大的可提升空间;西南部地区双季稻产量差小于北部地区,且早稻产量差最小而晚稻产量差相对较大,即西南部地区晚稻产量可提升空间大于早稻。研究时段内湖南省早稻和晚稻产量差均呈缩小趋势,且晚稻的产量差缩小速率大于早稻。【结论】气候变化背景下平均气温的升高使得双季稻潜在产量呈现下降趋势,同时品种的改进、栽培技术进步及生产投入增加,实际产量不断增加,研究时段内除个别站点(道县、沅江等)外早稻和晚稻的产量差均呈减小趋势。研究表明湖南省双季稻区内早稻产量差普遍高于晚稻且其随时间缩小的速率小于晚稻,这是由于早稻生长季内日照时数增加对早稻生长发育和产量形成的正效应可以部分抵消温度升高的负效应。同时,早稻产量差呈现增加趋势的站点多于晚稻,因此湖南省双季稻产区早稻产量提升空间较晚稻大。     

Variations of soil properties affect the vegetative growth and yield components of “Tempranillo” grapevines

To obtain the best must quality, winegrowers must harvest uniform batches of grapes, thus they might define sub-units of the vineyard and treat them as separate management units for cultivation and harvest. The objectives of this work were to determine if there were variations of soil properties that could be arranged into different units of relative uniformity and separated from each other by discrete boundaries, and if there was a significant relationship between those units and the vegetative development and yield components of the grapevines. A soil index that is a linear combination of four soil characteristics was constructed and an interpolation method allowed the definition of soil areas with relative uniformity. These areas were significantly correlated with the vine growth that, in turn, had a significant correlation with the yield components of the vines. This methodology might prove useful to define areas within vineyards where the vegetative development and yields warrant a differentiated management within the vineyard.     

Determination of soybean yield gap and potential production in Iran using modeling approach and GIS

Increasing crop production is necessary to maintain food security for the growing global population.Reducing the gap between actual and potential yield is one of the important ways to increase yield per unit area.Potential yield and the yield gap of soybean were determined for Golestan Province,Iran,using Soybean Simulation Model (SSM-i Crop2) and Geographical Information System (GIS).Information from 24 weather stations and soil data of the region were used.Yield gap and production gap were calculated at county and province levels.The average actual yield of soybean in this province was2.28 t ha~(–1) while the province’s potential yield was 4.73 t ha~(–1),so the yield gap was estimated 2.44 t ha~(–1).Thus,there is a great potential for increasing soybean yield in Golestan,which is possible through improving crop management of soybean in farmers’fields.The average water productivity of soybean was estimated to be 0.81 kg m~(–3).Spatial distribution of water productivity in soybean farms showed that the highest and the lowest water productivities (0.99 and 0.44 kg m~(–3)) were in western and eastern regions of the province,respectively,in accordance to vapour pressure deficit.It was concluded that soybean production in the province could increase by 66%(from 109 970 to 182 170 tons) if 80% of the current yield gap could be removed.     

不同种类叶面肥对葡萄果实品质和叶片生长的影响

使用五种不同种类的叶面肥,在不同的葡萄生长时期,对夏黑、巨峰和巨玫瑰三个葡萄品种进行了叶面喷施,喷施后调查了葡萄的果实品质指标和叶片生长指标。结果表明,不同种类的叶面肥对叶片生长及果实品质的影响有很大差异,多种类型的叶面肥配合使用,效果最佳。而且不同葡萄品种,对喷施叶面肥的响应也不同,夏黑葡萄喷施后,果实品质显著提高,但叶片生长指标无明显差异；巨峰葡萄喷施后,果实品质指标和对照相比没有显著差异,但叶片生长指标有显著提高；巨玫瑰葡萄喷施后,果实品质没有明显提高,但对单叶重、叶绿素含量和叶面积有显著提高作用,总体规律不明显。综上所述,不同种类叶面肥配合使用,对葡萄品质提高效果最佳；不同葡萄品种叶面肥使用效果不同,而且其使用效果和土壤肥力、植株本身的吸肥能力等有很大关系。生产上不应盲目施用叶面肥,其中磷酸二氢钾物美价廉,作用可以和许多不同种类的叶面肥媲美。     

育秧基质对机插水稻秧苗素质和产量的影响

为了研制新的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)育秧基质,以营养土育秧为对照,利用有机废弃物酒糟为基本基质,将酒糟与普通土按不同体积比配制成4种基质,研究酒糟基质对机插水稻秧苗素质和产量的影响。结果表明,以酒糟为主的基质所育的秧苗素质和产量均要优于土育秧苗,酒糟基质随着土的比例增加所育的秧苗素质呈逐渐下降趋势,其中T_2处理(酒糟∶土=3∶1)培育的秧苗整体素质最高、产量高、综合表现最好,可以应用于水稻育秧生产中。     

Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming

An understanding of agroecosystems is key to determining effective farming systems. Here we report results from a 21-year study of agronomic and ecological performance of biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional farming systems in Central Europe. We found crop yields to be 20% lower in the organic systems, although input of fertilizer and energy was reduced by 34 to 53% and pesticide input by 97%. Enhanced soil fertility and higher biodiversity found in organic plots may render these systems less dependent on external inputs.     

有机肥及秸秆对设施菜田次生盐渍化土壤修复效果研究

通过盆栽试验,系统研究了不同有机肥用量及秸秆用量对设施栽培次生盐渍化土壤的修复效果及对油菜生物量的影响。结果表明:与对照组土壤相比,有机肥和秸秆的5个处理均能显著降低土壤可溶性盐分;不同有机肥处理后土壤盐分呈先下降后上升的趋势,而不同秸秆处理后土壤盐分随秸秆用量的增加而降低;不同有机肥与秸秆处理均能显著增加油菜的生物量,油菜的生物量随有机肥及秸秆用量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;在油菜增产方面,有机肥明显优于秸秆。有机肥及秸秆能有效改良次生盐渍化土壤,是延长设施土壤使用年限,促进设施农业可持续发展的有效途径。