Adventurous food futures: knowing about alternatives is not enough,we need to feel them

This paper investigates how we can enact, collectively, affording food systems. Yet rather than asking simply what those assemblages might look like the author enquires as to how they might also feel. Building on existing literature that speaks to the radically relational, and deeply affective, nature of food the aims of this paper are multiple: to learn more about how moments of difference come about in otherwise seemingly banal encounters; to understand some of the processes by which novelty ripples out, up, and through social bodies; to speak to, and suggest ways to resolve, ontological asymmetries within the agrifood literature pertaining to Cartesian dualisms; and to offer ways forward that allow agrifood scholars to talk about phenomena such as feelings and structures/barriers in the same sentence. The empirical flesh of the paper comes from an admittedly unconventional case study. On December 10, 2012, Amendment 64 was added to Colorado’s constitution making it legal for adults to consume marijuana for recreational purposes. The case examined is not about pot, however. The paper, rather, is about hopeful, hydroponic-inspired, agrifood futures; novel doings, feelings, and thinkings sparked by, among other things, food grown in basements and spare bedrooms.     

Food miles, local eating, and community supported agriculture: putting local food in its place

The idea of “food miles,” the distance that food has to be shipped, has entered into debates in both popular and academic circles about local eating. An oft-cited figure claims that the “average item” of food travels 1,500 miles before it reaches your plate. The source of this figure is almost never given, however, and indeed, it is a figure with surprisingly little grounding in objective research. In this study, I track the evolution of this figure, and the ways that scholars and popular writers have rhetorically employed it. I then explore the ongoing debates over food miles and local food, debates that often oversimplify the idea of local eating to a caricature. I then examine a series of in-depth interviews with community-supported agriculture members and farmers in order to bring complexity back to discussions of local food consumers. I argue that the overwhelming focus on “food miles” among scholars threatens to eclipse the multitude of other values and meanings contained in the word “local” that underlie people’s decisions to “eat locally,” foremost among them, a desire to reintegrate food production and consumption within the context of place.     

Air pollution,food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system

Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household's bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population.     

福建新米虾属一新种记述 (十足目:匙指虾科)

霞浦新米虾（新种）Neocaridina xiapuensis,sp.nov。与安徽新米虾Neocaridina palmata anhuiensis相似，但前者经三对步足无明显的两性异形现象，且雄性第二腹肢雄附肢的形态结构和较小的卵径与后者均有显著不同。     

福建新米虾属一新种记述 (十足目:匙指虾科)

霞浦新米虾（新种）Neocaridina xiapuensis,sp.nov。与安徽新米虾Neocaridina palmata anhuiensis相似，但前者经三对步足无明显的两性异形现象，且雄性第二腹肢雄附肢的形态结构和较小的卵径与后者均有显著不同。     

Food sovereignty, urban food access, and food activism: contemplating the connections through examples from Chicago

The idea of food sovereignty has its roots primarily in the response of small producers in developing countries to decreasing levels of control over land, production practices, and food access. While the concerns of urban Chicagoans struggling with low food access may seem far from these issues, the authors believe that the ideas associated with food sovereignty will lead to the construction of solutions to what is often called the ??food desert?? issue that serve and empower communities in ways that less democratic solutions do not. In Chicago and elsewhere, residents and activists often see and experience racial and economic inequalities through the variety of stores and other food access sites available in their community. The connections between food access, respect, and activism are first considered through a set of statements of Chicagoans living in food access poor areas. We will then discuss these connections through the work and philosophy of activists in Chicago centered in food sovereignty and food justice. Particular focus will be placed on Growing Power, an urban food production, distribution, and learning organization working primarily in Milwaukee and Chicago, and Healthy South Chicago, a community coalition focused on health issues in a working class area of the city.     

Gender, livestock assets, resource management, and food security: Lessons from the SR-CRSP

North Sumatra and West Java in Indonesia, the Andes of Bolivia and Peru, Western Province, the Coast and Machakos in Kenya, were Small Ruminant Collaborative Research Support Program (SR-CRSP) sites in which the role of small ruminants was studied and where technological interventions were designed. In all cases the target groups were poor rural households that could maintain sheep, goats, or South American camelids. The objective was to increase the welfare of families through the use of small ruminant technologies. Access to and control of resources, and intrahousehold dynamics were analyzed to understand if, how, and when, technological interventions help achieve this objective. The way in which the studied villages integrate into the market, the specific role that livestock and other productive enterprises play in the household economy, the risks faced by families in rural areas condition the role of livestock and other resource management technologies. As an asset, small and large stock are gendered, but this is qualified by the alternatives that household members have. Small ruminants under the domain of women, either through production or marketing, are shown to contribute to in-kind consumption or, as liquid assets, to household welfare purchases, in the case of Andean agropastoral households and households in Kenya. Women are also managers of the grazing areas, which are often fallow fields. The research experiences show the relationship between gender, resource management, and the ability to build livestock assets and security, in different houehold production systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

天津地区羽蛾研究(昆虫纲:鳞翅目)

羽蛾科是鳞翅目中一个相对小且较为特殊的类群,全世界共记录90属1 160余种,其中我国共有140种。天津原有记录4种,本文记录了天津地区的11种羽蛾,其中7种为天津新记录,同时给出了天津地区羽蛾的检索表。     

转基因植物及其食品安全性评估方法

转基因产业的迅猛发展使转基因食品从实验室走向餐桌,转基因食品的安全性已为全世界所关注,它涉及到贸易壁垒和人体健康。文章从食品安全的内涵和外延出发,在实质等同性原则的基础上,从外源基因、遗传修饰、非预期效应等方面论述了转基因植物及其食品的安全性评估方法,以便为我国的转基因植物安全性评估和政府监管提供参考。     

土家药食资源藤茶黄酮类化合物体内外抗氧化活性研究

探究来凤藤茶感官评价与理化指标的相关性,构建藤茶品质评价模型。

以来凤县不同乡镇的12个藤茶样品为材料,通过感官评价及理化指标测定,结合相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,利用多元线性回归构建品质评价模型,并采用线性回归验证模型重现性。

感官综合评分在85.42~92.59之间;12项理化指标变异系数在5.12%~30.81%之间,其中10项指标变异系数大于10%;理化指标间呈不同程度的相关性;主成分分析共提取3个主成分,方差累计贡献率为86.003%;聚类分析将12个藤茶样品聚为3类,类群Ⅲ有7项理化指标低于其他类群;多元线性回归得到评价模型为：综合评分=0.742×M_{二氢杨梅素}−0.574×N_浑浊度,模型评分与感官综合评分线性回归相关系数为0.782 6;模型重现性线性回归相关系数为0.695 6。

本研究可为藤茶特色产业品质评价标准的建立提供参考。

     

湖北锈色粒肩天牛一新亚种记述：鞘翅目：天牛科：沟胫天牛亚科

记述了一采自湖北钟祥的锈色粒肩天牛新亚种－－客店粒肩天牛Ａｐｒｉｏｎａ ｓｗａｉｎｓｏｎｉ ｋｅｄｉａｎａ ｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。新亚种模式标本暂存于湖北农学院昆虫标本室。     

卵巢摘除对放牧扎布耶盐山羊GH水平、育肥性能及羊肉品质的影响

[目的]研究卵巢摘除对放牧育肥布耶盐山羊生长激素(GH)水平、育肥性能及羊肉品质的影响,为在我国藏北牧区开展扎布耶盐山羊短期育肥提供技术支持.[方法]选择90只体重相近的2岁龄扎布耶盐母山羊,随机分为空白对照组和卵巢摘除试验组,试验期间两处理组母羊均按当地牧民习惯自由放牧,夜间不予补饲.在卵巢摘除后第0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49和56 d上午9:30空腹称重并颈静脉采血,分析血清GH水平变化情况;饲养56 d后,每组随机屠宰10只母羊,测定其屠宰性能(胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率)及羊肉品质(剪切力、pH、蒸煮损失、色度及脂肪、蛋白质、水分、脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素、胆固醇及6种元素的含量变化).[结果]从卵巢摘除后第7 d开始至试验结束,母羊血清GH水平较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01,下同);卵巢摘除后前7 d,母羊体重略有下降,此后体重增重稳定增长,至试验结束时平均体重为32.93 kg/只,极显著高于对照组(29.41 kg/只).卵巢摘除扎布耶盐母山羊的胴体重(14.29 kg/只)、屠宰率(43.38%)、净肉重(10.48 kg/只)和净肉率(131.82%)均极显著高于对照组;背最长肌的剪切力、失水率和蒸煮损失较对照组极显著降低,羊肉红度a*显著降低(P<0.05,下同);羊肉脂肪含量较对照组显著提高、水分含量显著降低;背最长肌饱和脂肪酸(ΣSFA)显著低于对照组、单不饱和脂肪酸(ΣMUFA)显著高于对照组;必需氨基酸(EAA)和总氨基酸(TAA)均极显著低于对照组,但赖氨酸和胱氨酸含量极显著高于对照组;背最长肌中维生素E较对照组显著降低,其他维生素含量则无明显变化;背最长肌硒含量较对照组极显著提高,铁和镁含量较对照组显著提高,锌含量较对照组略有下降.[结论]摘除2岁龄扎布耶盐母山羊的卵巢能有效提高其血清GH水平,促进肌肉组织生长发育,尤其是经短期育肥后,扎布耶盐山羊的屠宰率、净肉重和净肉率提高,羊肉品质明显改善.     

尼罗罗非鱼对豆粕、菜粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉的表观消化率

在实验室内测定了体重为101g的尼罗罗非鱼对豆粕、菜粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉干物质、蛋白质和能量的表观消化率(Apparent digestibility coefficient,ADC)。实验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测原料组成。基础饲料中添加1%Cr2O3作为指示物。实验期间,尼罗罗非鱼每投喂3天的基础饲料后连续投喂实验饲料4天,投喂每种饲料后的第2天收集鱼粪便。结果表明:尼罗罗非鱼对豆粕、菜粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉干物质表观消化率分别为68%、47%、58%和58%,蛋白质表观消化率为100%、83%、78%和77%,能量表观消化率为76%、61%、78%和70%。相比之下,豆粕是尼罗罗非鱼饲料配方中理想的蛋白原料。利用菜粕作为尼罗罗非鱼饲料蛋白时应解决可消化能不足的问题,通过少量添加肉骨粉可弥补菜粕能量表观消化率较低的缺陷。