屈乡高唱移民歌

三峡，一方令人神往的热土。三峡工程，一项今世人瞩目的跨世纪的伟业。三峡工程移民，一个令人十分忧心的话题。三峡工程动工5年来，库区百万移民状况如何？屈原故里种归，因其位居坝上库首，正演义着一曲气壮山河的移民壮歌。第一乐章：奉献曲三峡工程是长江流域开放开发、改革开放承东启西的伟大工程，具有巨大的政治、经济和社会效益，但对于坝上车首的科归县来说，则困难与希望同在，奉献与牺牲并存。据1991年实物调查，全县涉及淹没且三个乡镇、时集镇、154个村、148家工矿企业，淹占人口（静态）7万人，淹占耕地0．081公顷，果园0．1…     

抗B亚群禽白血病受体基因变异在三个鸡群体中的分布

为了研究抗B亚群禽白血病病毒受体基因变异在太行鸡、坝上长尾鸡和商品蛋鸡三个鸡群体中的分布,试验采用PCR技术结合测序技术进行Tvb基因分型,利用POPGene 32程序对鸡群体中Tvb等位基因频率、基因型频率进行统计及哈代温伯格平衡检验。结果表明:在坝上长尾鸡和太行鸡群体中,检测到Tvb基因172CT突变位点,检测的两个等位基因命名为Tvb~(s1)/Tvb~r,太行鸡群体中等位基因频率为0.95/0.05,坝上长尾鸡群体中等位基因频率为0.96/0.04。在坝上长尾鸡和太行鸡鸡群中还检测到184TA/G突变位点,检测的三个等位基因命名为Tvb~(s1)/Tvb~(s3)/Tvb~(s4),太行鸡群体中等位基因频率为0.90/0.02/0.08,坝上长尾鸡群体中等位基因频率为0.95/0.00/0.05。坝上长尾鸡和太行鸡两个群体中的这些突变位点均处于哈代温伯格平衡状态,商品蛋鸡群中未检测到抗性等位基因。说明在三个品种鸡群体中Tvb的抗性等位基因频率很低,具有较高患B亚群、D亚群和E亚群白血病的风险。     

坝上长尾鸡不同生长曲线模型的拟合与分析

坝上长尾鸡为河北坝上地区特有品种,具有很好的耐寒、耐粗饲特性。为了研究坝上长尾鸡生长发育规律,本研究采用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertallanffy三种生长曲线模型对坝上长尾鸡0~16周龄生长情况进行拟合分析。结果发现,10周龄前坝上长尾鸡公、母鸡的生长曲线基本一致,12周龄后公鸡生长速度明显快于母鸡。3种模型均能很好的对坝上长尾鸡公鸡、母鸡生长曲线进行拟合,拟合度都在0.99以上,其中Bertallanffy在坝上长尾鸡公、母鸡生长曲线中拟合最好,拟合度都为1,拟合结果最接近实测情况,其公鸡的生长拐点为9.71周龄、拐点体重为796.66g,母鸡的生长拐点为7.43周龄、拐点体重为534.42g。     

坝上长尾鸡散养场放牧前后牧草品种与数量分析

坝上长尾鸡是河北坝上地区主要以散养为主的特有品种。针对坝上地区的气候和地理位置特点,对坝上长尾鸡散养场的牧草进行调查。结果表明,坝上长尾鸡散养场7月主要牧草品种有艾蒿、红足蒿、猪毛蒿等8个品种,8月有黄花蒿、草木樨、胡枝子等18个品种。坝上长尾鸡最喜欢采食鹅观草、铁杆蒿,比较喜欢采食猪毛蒿、红足蒿、卵穗苔草,几乎不采食委陵菜。     

花羽型和黑羽型坝上长尾鸡生长发育比较

正目前,我国鸡优良地方品种有80余种,其中坝上长尾鸡主要分布在河北省张家口市的沽源、康保、张北等三县。坝上长尾鸡能抵抗高原严寒气候条件,飞翔觅食能力强,适于粗饲放养。其外形与蛋用型鸡相差无几,尾羽高高翘起而向下弯曲,好似大镰,羽毛密而紧凑,羽毛下的羽绒发达。由于其所产     

河北坝上地区的鸟类

河北坝上地区主要指张家口和承德地区北部。南界为狼窝口、独石口、姜家店一线,东、西、北三面与内蒙古相邻。地势较高,平均海拔1200~1500m,根据地形差异可分为坝缘山地、波状高原、疏缓丘陵三部分,地势大体由东南向西北倾斜。境内多间歇性短河,主要河流十余条,水泡近300多个。河北坝上地区属中温带大陆性季风气候,平均气温低于4℃,年平均降水     

坝上长尾鸡线粒体DNA D-loop序列变异与起源分化研究

为了更好地保护和利用坝上长尾鸡的品种资源,且从母系遗传的角度探明坝上长尾鸡的遗传多样性与起源分化,试验采用PCR直接测序法,测定了30只坝上长尾鸡线粒体DNA(mt DNA)D-loop区1 491bp片段序列。结果显示:在所测定的mt DNA D-loop序列中,A、G、T和C碱基的平均含量分别为28.02%、13.91%、30.97%、27.10%。共检测到1个插入/缺失和32个变异位点,组成17个单倍型。单倍型多样度为0.945±0.025,群体内序列间核苷酸平均差异数为8.536,核苷酸多样度为0.00573,平均遗传距离为0.006。由最大似然法构建的NJ系统进化树将坝上长尾鸡聚为3大支,划分为与A、B、C 3个类群。与其它家鸡品种类比,显示其独特性。与原鸡亚种类比,发现A类群起源于原鸡海南亚种,B类群起源于原鸡印度亚种,C类群起源于原鸡滇南亚种。结果表明:坝上长尾鸡遗传多样性丰富,并具有独特性;坝上长尾鸡存在3个区分明显的母系来源。     

河北省坝上高原地区绵羊消化道线虫感染情况调查

河北省坝上高原地区是指位于该省最北部的海拔1300m-1600m高原地区，是内蒙占高原的东南边缘，俗称坝上。这一区域包括张家口市和承德市的康保、沽源、张北、围场四县的全部及丰宁和尚义县的部分地区，该区地处古北区，为冷温半干旱、半湿润的中亚干草原区，其气候特点是气候寒冷，     

基于Logistic模型的坝上长尾鸡生长曲线研究

坝上长尾鸡为河北坝上地区特有品种,其体型特点与雉鸡相似,体型小,尾羽长,飞行能力好,具有很好的耐寒、耐粗饲等特性。为了研究坝上长尾鸡的生长发育规律,采用Logistic非线性模型对坝上长尾鸡0~16周龄生长情况进行拟合与分析。结果表明:Logistic非线性模型能很好地对坝上长尾鸡公、母鸡生长曲线进行拟合,拟合度均为R2=0.997,其公鸡的生长拐点为8.85周龄、拐点体重为740.46 g,母鸡的生长拐点为8.30周龄、拐点体重为654.55 g。另外,还发现坝上长尾鸡公鸡生长体重始终大于母鸡。     

影响坝上长尾鸡蛋品质的相关因素研究

为了研究坝上长尾鸡的蛋品质和营养价值,试验以坝上长尾鸡和红玉鸡为研究对象,对其蛋品质和部分营养含量进行测定。结果表明:坝上长尾鸡蛋品质和营养含量与品种、环境、饲养管理等多种因素相关。     

青海湟源县山坡梯田退耕还林还草效果研究

通过对湟源地区阴坡梯田退耕还林还草工程连续9年样区定点观测，结果表明，在梯田栽植的杨树到第9年100%死亡，榆树的成活率只有8%，沙棘的成活率为87．3%，柠条的成活率达100％，但长势不旺。在样区以撂荒自然恢复形成的草本群落生长旺盛，形成了以赖草为优势种，冰草为亚优势种的群落。恢复的第3—4年草本群落干物质产量达550-650g／m^2，到第8—9年达820-880g／m^2。     

湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林还草效果研究初报

通过对湟源山坡地梯田退耕还林工程连续9年的定点观测调查,结果表明:在顶坡梯田,所栽植的榆树Ulmus pumila有94%死亡,沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides有19.4%死亡;在中坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为93%、18.2%;在底坡梯田,榆树、沙棘的死亡率分别为92.7%、18.6%;而柠条Caragana korshinskii在3个坡位梯田中都100%的成活,但长势不旺,而以赖草Leymus secalinus为主的草本植物,通过9年的自然侵入生长,其生物量(干物质)达到850 g/m2以上。同时,对各坡位草本产量增长规律进行了分析论述,建立了3个坡位草本产量与生长年限回归方程,中坡：y=78.033+102.473 3x;底坡:y=67.333+102.253 3x;顶坡:y=54.244 4+101.92x;如实评估了坡地梯田退耕还草后的经济效益。     

疆3种锦鸡儿属植物种子萌发对温度和土壤水分的响应

白皮锦鸡儿Caragana leucophloea、草原锦鸡儿C.pumila和刺叶锦鸡儿C.acanthophylla均为旱生灌木,在植被恢复中具有潜在的价值。通过萌发试验,研究3种锦鸡儿种子萌发对昼夜变温和土壤水分的响应,及其萌发物候。结果表明：3种锦鸡儿种子在10/6 ℃、15/6 ℃、20/10 ℃、25/15 ℃和30/20 ℃昼夜变温（昼12 h/夜12 h）均能萌发。试验条件下,启动它们萌发的最低土壤水分含量为2.50%。白皮锦鸡儿和草原锦鸡儿种子萌发速度快,在种子成熟的当年就能萌发出苗,刺叶锦鸡儿由于部分硬实种子,直到来年还有幼苗出土。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Seasonal quality profile and production of foliage from trees grown on degraded cropland in arid Uzbekistan,Central Asia

Feed shortages hamper livestock rearing and thus impede the development of rural livelihoods in Central Asia. The production and in vitro quality of foliage from Ulmus pumila, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Populus euphratica on degraded cropland were examined to determine the potential of these species to supplement diary cattle diets. Leaf dry matter (DM) production of the species, respectively, averaged 6, 8 and 17 t DM/ha, 4 years after planting. Over seasons and years, crude protein concentrations (g/kg DM) ranged within 151–257 for E. angustifolia, 70–241 for U. pumila and 92–187 for P. euphratica. The metabolizable energy concentrations (MJ/kg DM) were the highest in U. pumila and ranged within 9–10, followed by 7–10 of E. angustifolia and 7–9 of P. euphratica. The organic matter digestibility (%) ranged within 58–70, 54–66, and 51–66, respectively, for these species. These indicators combined denoted a medium‐to‐good feed quality of E. angustifolia and U. pumila leaves as a cheap protein supplement to roughages. The foliage of P. euphratica was the least suitable. The seasonal profile of in vitro indicators revealed the highest feed quality in spring but early fall seems most appropriate for forage collection given the peak leaf production and an adequate quality.     

5种爬藤植物垂直绿化的效果比较

爬墙虎、凌霄、薜荔、扶芳藤和蔓九节5种爬藤植物沿水泥墙角均匀栽培,并作遮光处理,生长一段时间后观测它们对墙体的附着力、景观覆盖效果、叶片叶绿素含量,以及不同光合有效辐射(PAR)下的净光合速率(Pn)等指标。结果表明,1)薜荔对墙体附着力最强,它依靠大量的不定根吸固在墙体上,形成很好的覆盖效果,而且薜荔耐荫,遮光对其生长与覆盖的影响很小;爬墙虎的生长与覆盖速度最快,它主要依靠吸盘吸固墙壁,但在冬季或长时间遮光后出现明显落叶现象,影响其覆盖景观;其他3种都依靠不定根沿墙面攀援,附着力相对较差,但扶芳藤由于生长较快,叶色终年保持翠绿,也能形成相对较好的覆盖效果;2)遮光4个月后,薜荔、凌霄和蔓九节的叶片变薄,相应地这3种植物单位面积的叶片重量都显著减轻;遮光还使凌霄和扶芳藤的叶绿素含量减少,使薜荔和蔓九节的增加,但对爬墙虎的叶片厚度、叶重和叶绿素含量都不产生明显影响;3)无论遮光与否,5种植物的Pn与PAR之间的关系都可用y=alnx b表示,并且都达极显著相关;Pn与光补偿点(LCP)之间亦呈极显著相关;遮光还使爬墙虎、凌霄和扶芳藤的LCP下降,并使薜荔的光饱和点(LSP)升高。总的来看,薜荔的垂直绿化效果最好,是遮光环境下的首选植物,扶芳藤和爬墙虎次之,而凌霄和蔓九节则不适宜用于城市高架桥下的垂直绿化。     

松嫩平原榆树疏林植物组分的结构型

松嫩平原植被是蒙古、东北、兴安和华北4个植物区系成分相接触的区域，在全区所设的10个榆树疏林调查样地40个样方中，共有89种植物，隶属于26个科，6个株生长型，4个根生长型，6个生活型，4个水分生态类型，13个分布区型和6个饲用价值类型。其中，菊科种类最多，占22．5％；禾本科和豆科分别占15．7％和12．4％。株生长型结构以分枝型种类最多，占39％；直立型和丛生型分别为2l％和16％。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多，占66％；根茎型和刷状根型分别为17％和16％。生活型结构以地面芽植物最多，占43％；地下芽植物和一年生植物次之，各占15％；地面-地下芽植物占12％。水分生态类型结构以中生型种类最多，占63％；中旱生型次之，占19％。分布区型结构以蒙古-东北-兴安-华北分布区型的种类最多，占30％；蒙古分布区型次之，占16％。饲用价值类型以中、低等质量的种类最多，占46％；优、良牧草种类占31％。松嫩平原榆树疏林具有典型的温带地面芽植物气候、中生生境条件、植物分布区型结构复杂、饲用价值较高的特征。     

Effects of the feeding of wild Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) on the prevention of damage due to bark stripping and the use of feeding sites

Feeding sites for wild Yeso sika deer around Lake Akan, Japan, were established. Effects on the number of deer using the feeding sites, the prevention of bark stripping damage, the amount of feeding, and eating time in a 5‐year period (1999–2003) were evaluated. The number of deer using feeding sites increased with years during the feeding period. The damaged tree ratio after the initiation of feeding markedly decreased compared with 16.5% before the initiation of feeding. After the start of feeding, there were no trees with damage the entire circumference. According to tree species, the number of damaged trees of Ulmus laciniata Mayr as a percentage of all investigated trees was high (5.2%). The total amount of beet pulp feeding increased with the feeding year, showing 4.5‐fold increase. At feeding sites in deer culling, eating behavior was observed during the night. The preventive effects on bark stripping damage continued during the 5‐year feeding period. However, with the course of feeding years, the number of deer using feeding sites and the level of feeding increased.     

4种野豌豆种子萌发对水分胁迫的响应

以3种青藏高原野豌豆属植物窄叶野豌豆（Vicia angustifolia）、山野豌豆（V.amoena）、歪头菜（V.unijuga）与1种当地栽培植物箭筈豌豆兰箭3号（V.sativa）种子为材料,应用种子萌发的水势模型对上述4种植物种子萌发对水分的需求特性进行了研究。结果表明,1）基础水势（Ψb）随种子萌发率（g）的增加而增加,表明种群内种子个体萌发基础水势存在变异;2)除歪头菜外,其余种子的萌发速率与水势的回归直线的斜率随萌发率的增加而降低,暗示种群内种子个体萌发的水势时间值(θH)在有些种上可能存在变异;3）参试植物种中,兰箭3号种子的Ψb值最低,表明其在相对干旱环境条件下易于萌发,山野豌豆种子的Ψb值最高,但θH较低,表明其萌发耐旱性差,在水分充足的条件下萌发迅速;4）水势模型可准确预测休眠破除后4种野豌豆属种子在高水势条件下的萌发进程,但用于预测低水势条件下种子的萌发时,准确性较差。     

Molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the M. tuberculosis complex isolated from Northern Ireland cattle

Mycobacteria other than the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MOTT), isolated from Northern Ireland cattle, were identified by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, and subsequent reverse cross blot hybridisation and sequence analyses. Elucidation of the MOTT species was to facilitate specificity testing of new and existing diagnostic test reagents for bovine tuberculosis. The presence of the genes for potential diagnostic antigens: MPB70, MPB64, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in the isolated MOTT species was investigated. Molecular analyses of cultured isolates from bovine lymph node specimens of 48 cattle identified a wide variety of mycobacterial species including Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium holsaticum, Mycobacterium palustre, Mycobacterium sp. IWGMT 90210, Mycobacterium sp. LIV-2129, a potentially novel mycobacterial species (EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ Accession Number AJ617495) and Rhodococcus equi. Apart from M. kansasii, the results of traditional (standard phenotypic and biochemical) and molecular identification methods did not correlate well, with traditional methods identifying fewer species. Most of the species identified were either recognised pathogenic or potential pathogenic species. The genes for ESAT-6, CFP-10 and, unusually, MPB64 were detected in M. kansasii only. The MPB70 gene was not detected in any of the species. This study supported restricted species distribution of these genes as well as identifying a different range of MOTT species that could be included in specificity testing of new diagnostic reagents for bovine tuberculosis.     

Consensus nested PCR amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses

The orthoreoviruses are segmented RNA viruses that infect diverse vertebrate host species. While the most common human orthoreovirus, Mammalian Reovirus, is not typically associated with significant disease, the majority of Orthoreovirus species have been shown to cause significant and often fatal disease in reptiles, birds, and primates. There is significant potential for jumping species. A consensus nested-PCR method was designed for investigation of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of Orthoreovirus and Aquareovirus. This protocol was used to obtain sequencing template from reoviruses of three different vertebrate classes. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis found that all viruses analyzed clustered in the genus Orthoreovirus, that reptile reoviruses formed three distinct clusters, and that an African grey parrot reovirus clustered with Nelson Bay virus from bats. This PCR method may be useful for obtaining templates for initial sequencing of novel orthoreoviruses from diverse vertebrate hosts.