国内外食品追溯标准化工作现状分析与建议

对食品（农产品）进行全过程追溯是当今世界食品安全监管的发展趋势,我国在这方面进展相对国外较慢。文中分析了国内外食品追溯标准化工作现状,并以ISO22005∶2007为指导,重点介绍了食品追溯体系设计与实施的原则和要求,最后,为加快我国开展食品追溯标准化工作提出了建议。     

国家兽药产品电子追溯体系建设与思考

回顾国家兽药产品电子追溯的背景和发展历程,提出国家兽药产品电子追溯体系的概念和框架,介绍生产环节、经营环节、监管环节和使用环节开展兽药电子追溯的业务流程,对兽药电子追溯体系建设和应用进行思考,展望兽药电子追溯体系的发展前景,为智慧兽药监管奠定基础。     

DNA条形码技术在食品溯源中的应用

现在食品安全越来越关注食品的可追溯性.近年来,DNA条形码作为食品溯源中一个潜在有效的工具得到迅速发展.本综述介绍了DNA条形码在食品安全尤其是在食品溯源中的应用,回顾了DNA条形码从概念的提出,到食品检测、食品溯源及防止食品商业欺诈中的应用.DNA条形码能够保障食品安全、防止商业欺诈,但距离真正的大规模应用,还有较长的路要走.     

射频识别在猪肉安全可追溯系统上的研究进展

迄今为止,质量安全可追溯是最为有效的食品安全管理方法,射频识别（radio frequency identification,RFID）技术已成为中国猪肉安全可追溯系统主要的技术手段。作者简述了可追溯系统和RFID技术的概念,重点阐述了RFID在生猪饲养、屠宰、运输、贮存、销售等环节的应用,最后针对中国RFID应用存在的问题提出相应对策,以期为建立适合中国国情的基于RFID技术的猪肉安全可追溯系统提供一定的参考。     

内蒙古自治区牧区肉羊追溯体系的建设现状调查与分析

对内蒙古自治区牧区肉羊追溯体系的建设现状进行了调研,指出了牧区开展肉羊全产业链追溯体系建设面临的问题与困难,在此基础上提出了支持牧区开展肉羊全产业链追溯体系建设的政策建议,以期为加快该地区牧区肉羊追溯体系建设进程,提升牧区肉羊产品品牌竞争力,提高牧民养羊经济收益提供参考。     

MES系统在乳制品质量提升及溯源系统的重要作用

随着人民生活水平的日益提高,对乳制品的需求也越来越多,乳制品现已成为人们日常生活不可缺少的食品。如何保证乳制品的质量安全,给广大人民群众提供优质的乳制品,也已成为广大乳制品工作者不断奋斗的目标。随着科技的不断进步,越来越多的新技术已引入到乳制品的生产加工中,最近几年很多新建造的乳品厂已采用智能化生产模式,特别是在生产加工过程中引入MES系统的使用,大大提高了生产效率及产品的质量稳定性和安全性,对乳制品的溯源更是一个不可缺少的部分。本文通过对MES系统在液态乳生产中的应用介绍,进一步说明了MES系统对乳制品质量提升及溯源环节的重要作用。     

蜂产品加工企业资源管理与追溯系统的设计与实现

从基于计算机信息角度出发,在蜂产品全程溯源系统构建方法的基础上,提出在蜂产品加工企业内部如何溯源的方案。实现了通用的、有效的蜂产品加工企业资源管理与追溯系统,包括从原料到成品出厂的生产链各环节信息的管理。对系统中的关键编码以及对溯源条形码关键技术的应用进行深入分析研究,进一步讨论了溯源在蜂产品质量安全生产中的应用。     

SNP技术在猪肉溯源过程中的应用

为筛选可用于梅山猪和申农猪肉质溯源的SNP位点标记,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测13个基因在梅山猪和申农猪群体内14个SNP位点的多态性,以期寻找多态性丰富的SNP位点,通过再次采集样品,进行溯源验证试验,最终确定可用于梅山猪和申农猪肉溯源的SNP位点组合。结果表明：MMP19基因、GRN基因、NR4A1基因的SNP位点和PSMB10基因的2个SNP位点杂合度（H值）均大于0.30,符合肉质溯源要求。可根据MMP19、PSMB10、NR4A1和GRN 4个基因共5个SNP位点编制用于检测梅山猪和申农猪肉质溯源的条形码。     

基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的建设与应用

介绍了基于物联网的国家兽药追溯系统的内容和建设历程,概述了国家兽药追溯系统的试点应用和全面应用的情况以及特点和成效,分析了国家兽药追溯系统的制约因素和对策,并对国家兽药追溯系统的数据应用前景予以展望,以期为"互联网+兽药"的实现和兽药行业大数据的应用奠定扎实的基础。     

畜产品产地溯源技术研究进展

稳定同位素指纹、矿物元素指纹可实现畜产品有效的产地鉴别。阐述了稳定同位素指纹、矿物元素指纹在畜产品产地溯源研究中的基本原理及应用,并针对目前畜产品产地溯源研究存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策。     

山东省日照市超市可追溯食品市场调查研究

为了解山东省日照市超市可追溯食品的主要品牌、种类、包装形式、可追溯信息记录情况等信息，2018年调查了日照市市区10家大中型超市的可追溯食品销售现状。结果表明，10家超市共有10大种类45个品牌的可追溯食品，其中，国产品牌28个、进口品牌17个；婴幼儿配方乳粉、水果、纯牛奶、大米、婴儿米粉、酸奶、茶叶、蔬菜、豆制品、燕麦片分别占比40.00%、20.00%、8.89%、8.89%、8.89%、4.44%、2.22%、2.22%、2.22%、2.22%，有效追溯信息得分分别为：66.67、42.22、47.50、100、47.50、40.00、0、100、100、40.00，国产品牌平均分为65.71，进口品牌平均分为49.41，国产品牌追溯信息记录情况比进口品牌好；可追溯食品的包装方式以精装为主，使用精包装有助于可追溯食品的销售。国家政策、食品安全事件、地理标志产品认定与维护、企业和消费者的重视，对食品可追溯体系的建立均具有推动作用。     

出口兔肉备案养殖场追溯体系的建立

从保证动物源性食品安全的角度论述了建立养殖场追溯体系的必要性,以出口兔肉备案养殖场为例,对建立追溯体系的步骤进行了四个方面的探讨。养殖场在设施合理、制度健全的前提下,确定追溯信息的深度、广度和精确度,并作好信息衔接和代码标识,才可使追溯体系有效实施。同时对追溯体系的应用和发展趋势做了基本论述。     

Retinal image recognition for verifying the identity of fattening and replacement lambs

With the objective of verifying the presumed identity of sheep in a traceability study based on visual ear tags and electronic boluses, retinal image recognition was used as an auditing biomarker on 152 lambs of 2 dairy breeds (Manchega, n=82; Lacaune, n=70). Lambs were identified with temporary ear tags (birth to weaning), and with official ear tags and electronic mini-boluses (weaning to yearling). At 3 mo of age, 58 lambs were recruited for flock replacement, and the rest were transported to a slaughterhouse. Retinal images (RI) and capturing times (CT) were recorded from the left and right eyes of each lamb in duplicate and by the same operator using an OptiReader device (Optibrand, Fort Collins, CO) at 3, 6, and 12 mo of age in 152, 58, and 58 lambs, respectively. The 3-mo RI were used as reference images and to assess operator training and accuracy of the technique. Intra- and inter-age comparisons were made to obtain the matching score (MS; 0 to 100) of pairs of RI from the same eye, using Optibrand's software. Operator skill improved with training sessions, but MS reached a plateau after the sixth session (264 images; MS=93.2 ± 1.5). Values of CT also decreased in trained compared with untrained operators (63 ± 5 vs. 144 ± 15 s, respectively; P < 0.001). Training data were eliminated from further analysis. Matching exclusion criteria were estimated from trained operator images at random (804 images) using a nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for MS=70. No breed, eye, or age effects were detected in the MS intra-age comparisons at 3-, 6-, and 12-mo periods, which averaged 96.3 ± 0.3. Capturing time was longer in Lacaune than in Manchega lambs (P < 0.01) and decreased by age (34 ± 4 and 21 ± 2 s, for 6- and 12-mo periods, respectively; P < 0.001). Regarding lamb traceability, 2.8% temporary ear tags were lost from birth to weaning (traceability, 97.2%), but no official ear tag or mini-bolus losses were reported from weaning to yearling (traceability, 100%). Inter-age MS comparison, used as the biomarker for traceability auditing, did not vary by age or breed, on average being 92.6 ± 0.5. Using the 3-mo RI as reference, all 6- and 12-mo RI showed MS >70, which supported 100% lamb traceability. In conclusion, retinal imaging was an accurate technique for auditing the identity of living lambs from weaning to yearling.     

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of traceability among livestock traders in south-western Nigeria: implications for sustainable livestock industry

Livestock diseases and other animal health events are a threat to achieving sustainable livestock industry. The knowledge of trace-back and the practice of providing feedback on diseases encountered in slaughtered animals from the abattoir to the farm can help limit the spread as well as manage potential future incidents of such diseases. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices of 200 willing livestock traders on traceability in Bodija Municipal Abattoir, south-western Nigeria. The results reveal that the majority of these traders had poor knowledge (79.5 %) and practices (74.0 %) of traceability, though 89.5 % demonstrated good attitudes. While 22.9 % knew that traceability could be an effective means to control diseases, only a lower proportion (9.0 %) knew the health status of the animals being purchased. Though 29.0 % reported the diseases encountered in their animals during slaughter to the farm, only 9.5 % followed up to ensure the farmers take steps at preventing further occurrence of the reported diseases. While age (p?=?0.000; 0.014) and education (p?=?0.000; 0.000) were both significant for good knowledge and attitudes, frequency of condemned cases (p?=?0.000) and length of years in the trade (p?=?0.004) were, respectively, significant for good knowledge and attitudes with none associated with practice. These poor levels of knowledge and practices of traceability are a threat to sustainable livestock industry, food security and human health; hence, there is an urgent need to institute national feedback mechanism on slaughtered animals in order to strengthen interventions against diseases at farm levels.     

基于物联网的猪饲料质量追溯系统设计及应用

随着物联网与各行各业不断融合与相互渗透,各种新型技术、新型创新快速涌现。针对在猪饲料质量追溯过程中无法及时准确收集生产数据、物流信息等问题,文章结合物联网与云计算技术背景,进行猪饲料质量追溯系统设计,系统基于HTML语言,结合WBE服务器和阿里云进行构建部署,采用浏览器/服务器架构模式,实现分布式管理,并根据生产过程中的情况进行系统验证。结果表明,基于物联网的猪饲料质量追溯系统能对饲料全行业供应链中的产品信息、生产过程、客户信息等进行有效的掌控,实现快速召回和问题处理,对企业生产者、销售经营者、实际消费者具有十分重大的价值与现实意义。     

富硒优质肉牛养殖与食品安全溯源体系的应用

硒是人体生命必需的微量元素,而我国大部分地区处于缺硒和低硒状态。在我国居民对摄入营养要求日益提高的背景下,开发硒资源、利用硒资源、发展硒产业成为近年来的热点。本文重点对富硒优质肉牛养殖与食品安全溯源体系的应用进行了研究。     

A study of the factors that influence consumer attitudes toward beef products using the conjoint market analysis tool

This study utilizes an analysis technique commonly used in marketing, the conjoint analysis method, to examine the relative utilities of a set of beef steak characteristics considered by a national sample of 1,432 US consumers, as well as additional localized samples representing undergraduate students at a business college and in an animal science department. The analyses indicate that among all respondents, region of origin is by far the most important characteristic; this is followed by animal breed, traceability, animal feed, and beef quality. Alternatively, the cost of cut, farm ownership, the use (or nonuse) of growth promoters, and whether the product is guaranteed tender were the least important factors. Results for animal science undergraduates are similar to the aggregate results, except that these students emphasized beef quality at the expense of traceability and the nonuse of growth promoters. Business students also emphasized region of origin but then emphasized traceability and cost. The ideal steak for the national sample is from a locally produced, choice Angus fed a mixture of grain and grass that is traceable to the farm of origin. If the product was not produced locally, respondents indicated that their preferred production states are, in order from most to least preferred, Iowa, Texas, Nebraska, and Kansas.     

乳品质量安全追溯体系分析

随着社会的发展和生活水平的提高,人们对乳品质量安全越来越关注.然而,随着乳品供应链的日益延伸和行为参与人的日渐复杂,消费者很难获取到乳品的质量安全信息.乳品质量安全追溯体系作为乳品质量安全管理的有效手段,越来越受到有关部门和广大消费者的关注.本文针对我国乳品质量安全情况阐述建立质量安全追溯体系的必要性,分析推广乳品质量安全追溯体系所面临的问题,研究搭建乳品质量安全追溯体系框架,并针对体系建设提出一些政策建议.     

超高频电子耳标物理层及标签识别层测试方法研究

基于RFID技术的电子耳标追溯体系可进行动物出生后、屠宰前的精准定位,实现畜产品的可追溯性管理。超高频电子耳标测试系统具有较远的读取距离及较高的传输速率,广泛应用于畜产品的可追溯性领域。该类标签的存储地址依据空中接口协议标准ISO18000-63定义,测试项目依据18047-6测试方法进行。对测试项目的测试方法和判定依据进行了详细介绍,并对链接时间T1进行10次测试,计算其测量不确定度,测量结果显示符合标准要求。     

BSE situation and establishment of Food Safety Commission in Japan

Eight major policies were implemented by Japanese Government since Oct. 2001, to deal with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). These are; 1) Surveillance in farm by veterinarian, 2) Prion test at healthy 1.3mi cows/yr, by veterinarian, 3) Elimination of specified risk material (SRM), 4) Ban of MBM for production, sale use, 5) Prion test for fallen stocks, 6) Transparent information and traceability, 7) New Measures such as Food Safety Basic Law, and 8) Establish of Food Safety Commission in the Cabinet Office. At this moment, the extent of SRM risk has only been indicated by several reports employing tests with a limited sensitivity. There is still a possibility that the items in the SRM list will increase in the future, and this indiscriminately applies to Japanese cattle as well. Although current practices of SRM elimination partially guarantee total food safety, additional latent problems and imminent issues remain as potential headaches to be addressed. If the index of SRM elimination cannot guarantee reliable food safety, we have but to resort to total elimination of tissues from high risk-bearing and BSE-infected animals. However, current BSE tests have their limitations and can not yet completely detect high-risk and/or infected animals. Under such circumstances, tissues/wastes and remains of diseased, affected fallen stocks and cohort animals have to be eliminated to prevent BSE invading the human food chain systems. The failure to detect any cohort should never be allowed to occur, and with regular and persistent updating of available stringent records, we are at least adopting the correct and useful approach as a reawakening strategy to securing food safety. In this perspective, traceability based on a National Identification System is required.