太原市春季犬皮肤病流行病学调查

犬皮肤病不仅影响犬的外观,而且影响犬的健康生活。由于犬的品种、个体、年龄、生活环境等不同导致皮肤病病因复杂、种类繁多、症状各异,化验设备和技术程度等多方面因素的影响,使部分宠物医生对犬临床常见皮肤病认识不够,导致犬的各种皮肤病不易根治，成为小动物临床上较为棘手的疾病，其危害程度不亚于其他传染病。     

犬常见皮肤病的日常诊护

犬皮肤病是犬临床诊治中常见病之一。犬因品种、年龄、个体、营养、生活环境等不同而引起的皮肤病有很大的差异。本文就几种常见的犬皮肤病的不同的临床症状进行了简要综述,旨在给饲养者提供一些早期的、简单的鉴别及诊断,能尽快做出相应的预防和护理措施,并及时就诊。     

西安市970例犬皮肤病的病例分析

犬皮肤病是宠物临床上常见的病例,引起犬不同程度的瘙痒、脱毛、皮肤色素改变等症状,严重影响犬的生活质量。采用回顾性调查的方法对西安地区犬常见皮肤病的流行病学进行研究,收集整理了2012年至2017年西北农林科技大学西安动物医院的犬皮肤病病历,对不同性别、年龄、病因、季节、发病部位以及不同品种的犬患皮肤病的情况进行统计分析,以期更好地了解犬皮肤病的发病特征及其变化规律,并为临床诊断和防治犬皮肤病提供科学依据。调查发现犬的皮肤病病例共有970例,占总发病数的4.05%;细菌性皮肤病和真菌性皮肤病的发病率较高,分别为31.44%(305/970)和27.22%(264/970);夏季是犬皮肤病的高发季节;1岁以内的犬患皮肤病较多,占总病例数的40.82%(396/970);雄性病例与雌性病例分别占总病例数的58.56%(568/970)和41.44%(402/970);腰背部、耳部、四肢及面部是犬皮肤病的高发部位。     

犬皮肤真菌病的临床调查及治疗研究

<正>犬的真菌性皮肤病不仅严重影响自身的生长发育,也可能威胁人类的健康。由于地域不同、自然环境不同、饲养品种各异、饲养管理方式有别,犬真菌性皮肤病分布和种类也不一样[1-2]。再加上犬真菌性皮肤病本身治疗难度大,且复发率高,给各地该病防治造成很大困难[3]。试验以河北农业大学兽医院接诊的皮肤病患犬为研究对象,通过临床调查和病原学检查,查明保定市犬真菌性皮肤病的发病规律及流行病学特点,并对犬真菌性皮肤病进行治疗试验,从而     

三例犬常见传染性皮肤病的诊治

皮肤病是犬的一种常见病,其致病原因复杂,类症鉴别难度大,临床常常不易确诊和治愈。在各种皮肤病中,以螨虫的感染率最高,真菌性皮肤病危害最严重。笔者通过对几种常见皮肤病从临床特征、类症鉴别、诊断试验及其治疗等几个方面分别予以叙述,以供大家交流。1犬皮肤病的种类、临床症状1.1犬皮肤病的种类根据引起犬皮肤病的常见病原将其分为以下     

三例犬常见传染性皮肤病的诊治

<正>皮肤病是犬的一种常见病,其致病原因复杂,类症鉴别难度大,临床常常不易确诊和治愈。在各种皮肤病中,以螨虫的感染率最高,真菌性皮肤病危害最严重[1]。笔者通过对几种常见皮肤病从临床特征、类症鉴别、诊断试验及其治疗等几个方面分别予以叙述,以供大家交流。1犬皮肤病的种类、临床症状1.1犬皮肤病的种类根据引起犬皮肤病的常见病原将其分为以下几类:真菌性皮肤病、寄生虫性皮肤病、由葡萄球菌等引起的细菌性皮肤病、病毒性皮肤病、过敏性皮     

沈阳某犬场犬皮肤病的药物疗效调查

犬的皮肤病是临床发病率较高、病理过程长、类症鉴别难度大的疾病。本文通过查阅沈阳某犬场10年间的病历记录,确定了该场犬常见皮肤病的种类有：蜱感染皮肤病、蠕形螨皮肤病、真菌性皮肤病、湿疹、脓皮症和甲状腺功能减退性皮肤病等。对每种皮肤病使用的药物疗效进行调查、统计,表明：治疗真菌病时,盐酸特比萘芬安全有效;治疗犬蠕形螨和蜱感染时,使用癣螨净886擦剂,同时按1mL／5Okg注射伊维菌素;治疗犬湿疹时,中西医结合治疗和据急性湿疹的不同发病时期治疗;治疗甲状腺功能减退性皮肤病时,不要忽视原发病治疗;治疗犬脓皮症时,香波擦洗是最适宜的局部治疗方法。     

工作犬皮肤疾病的危害及防治

一、犬皮肤疾病的病因 皮肤疾病在小动物中占到所有疾病的20％,犬的皮肤疾病在临床疾病中也占有较大的比例,在临床上引起犬皮肤疾病的因素很多,通常分为：寄生虫性皮肤病、细菌性皮肤病、真菌性皮肤病、病毒性皮肤病、与理化因素有关的皮肤病、过敏性皮肤病、自体免疫性皮肤病、内分泌性皮肤病、皮脂溢、中毒性皮肤病、营养代谢性皮肤病、与遗传因素有关的皮肤病、肿瘤和其他皮肤病等。     

犬寄生虫性皮肤病的诊治体会

夏季是犬类皮肤病的高发季节,常见的皮肤病有寄生虫性皮肤病、脓皮病、皮肤真菌病、皮肤过敏性皮炎、免疫缺陷性皮肤病、营养性皮肤病等,而犬寄生虫性皮肤病的临床发病率相对较高。犬的体外寄生虫主要有蠕形螨、疥螨、耳螨等,其寄生于体表时,常引起感染犬剧烈的痒感,从而患犬会不停地     

浅谈犬螨病的诊断治疗

凡能引起犬皮肤病瘙痒、脱毛凡能引起犬皮肤病瘙痒、脱毛。结痂和皮肤异常变化的疾病统称为皮肤病。引起犬皮肤病的因素很多,犬皮肤病发病率也很高,在临床就诊病例中约10-20%都是皮肤问题。一般情况下,犬皮肤病虽不致引起死亡,但治疗周期长,易复发。而且有些还可传给人,应引起我们高度重视。本文对犬的各种螨病的流行病学调查,临床诊断,药物治疗及防治进行浅谈!     

犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展

瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一,通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身,也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂,目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究,揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系,引入了“瘙痒-抓挠”循环的概念,且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素,任一环节的问题都可开启“瘙痒-抓挠”的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂,参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类,将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类,引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等,其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样,需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集,按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复,目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足,中药方剂成分复杂,有效成分多,可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒,在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究...     

Skin diseases of old dogs and cats

The ageing process tends to predispose dogs and cats to certain skin diseases. Impaired immunosurveillance is believed to render the animals more susceptible to neoplasia which can affect any organ including the skin. Endocrinopathies are also more common in older animals. There are some diseases of internal organs which can affect the skin, and some of these tend to occur with increased frequency in old animals. Finally, seborrhoeic diseases are either more common in older animals, or become increasingly severe with age.     

Feline adrenal disorders

Although only recently discovered, feline adrenal disorders are becoming increasingly more recognized. Feline adrenal disorders include diseases such as hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) and hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome). The clinical signs of feline hyperadrenocorticism, which include unregulated diabetes mellitus and severe skin atrophy, are unique to the cat. Other signs of feline hyperadrenocorticism, such as potbellied appearance, polydipsia, polyuria, and susceptibility to infections are also seen in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. Conn's syndrome has only recently been described in the cat and is in fact more common in cats than in dogs. Characterized by severe hypokalemia, hypertension, and muscle weakness, Conn's syndrome may be misdiagnosed as renal failure. The clinician should become familiar with the clinical signs of adrenal disorders in cats and the common diagnostic tests used to diagnose these syndromes in cats as they differ from those in the dog. Treatment of feline adrenal disorders may be challenging; the clinician should become familiar with common drugs used to treat adrenal disorders in cats.     

A study of skin diseases in dogs and cats. III. III. Microflora of the skin of dogs with chronic eczema

The microflora of the skin was studied in 10 dogs with chronic eczema without clinical signs of secondary infection (Table I). The skin surface was swabbed at 7 different sites, making a total of 70 swabs, 25 of which were taken from visibly inflamed areas and 45 from apparently unaffected skin (Table II). Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, micrococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Acinetobacter spp. were found consistently. Ten different Gram-negative bacteria, 3 different Gram-positive bacteria, and 2 yeasts were found to occur sporadically (Table III). Compared to a group of 10 healthy dogs a more prolific growth of aerobic microorganisms, a greater number of sites carrying Staph. aureus, and a higher recovery of Gram-negative transients were found in dogs with eczema (Table IV--VII). Within the group of dogs with eczema the growth of Staph. aureus was significantly heavier from eczematous skin areas than from clinically normal skin (Table VIII). In dogs with non-infective dermatitides the colonization of the skin by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may have to be considered in the clinical handling of these diseases.     

Use of PCR-RFLP to identify Leishmania species in naturally-infected dogs

Tissue imprints on Giemsa stained slides from dogs were used to investigate the presence of Leishmania amastigotes by either optical microscopy (OM) or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of DNA. Samples from skin, spleen, lymph node, liver and bone marrow from a Leishmaniasis endemic area dogs where Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are sympatric were studied. Dogs were initially diagnosed by Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF), as which 39 were IIF positive (≥1:40) and 16 negative. The IIF positive dogs were clinically grouped as symptomatic (n = 15), oligosymptomatic (n = 12) and asymptomatic (n = 12). Although PCR positivity was higher in symptomatic dogs, specially their skin samples, there was no significant difference among clinical groups or organs examined. Ten (62.5%) out of 16 IIF and OM negative animals were positive for PCR in at least one organ. Forty-eight positive PCR amplicons were further submitted to RFLP for Leishmania identification. All dogs were infected with L. (L.) chagasi except one, infected with L. (V.) braziliensis. PCR was more efficient than IIF and OM to diagnose canine visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL), regardless of the organ examined and the clinical form present. The use of PCR together with serology helps determining the extension of sub clinical infection in CVL endemic areas and provides a better estimate of the number of dogs to be targeted for control measures. In conclusion, our data reinforce the need for a specific diagnosis of canine infection in areas where diverse Leishmania species are sympatric and demonstrate that PCR–RFLP can be used to identify Leishmania species in dog tissue imprint stained slides.     

Tight junction proteins in the canine epidermis: A pilot study on their distribution in normal and in high IgE-producing canines

Epidermal tight junctions (TJ) have been well-described in human medicine and are involved in many skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In dogs, there are no data regarding the implication of TJ in skin diseases including canine AD.The aim of this study was to compare the expression and the distribution of ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1 in the epidermis of healthy and atopic dogs.Skin biopsies from 6 high IgE-producing beagles sensitized to house dust mite (atopic group) were used. Skin specimens from nine healthy dogs without skin issues were sampled (healthy group).Immunoperoxydase staining was used to study the staining pattern of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-1 in the epidermis of healthy and atopic dogs. Positive controls were healthy human skin samples.Labeling patterns were assessed by 2 examiners blinded to the identities of the specimens. Comparisons between groups were performed using an exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.The mean total expression score of claudin-1 was lower in atopic dogs as compared to healthy subjects. Occludin and ZO-1 expression remained unchanged within each group.These results suggest a defect in claudin-1 expression in the nonlesional epidermis of atopic dogs.     

Hyperadrenocorticism in 10 dogs with skin lesions as the only presenting clinical signs

Ten dogs that had skin lesions as the only presenting signs of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and as the owners' primary complaint are described. Dogs were included if the initial examination was for skin disease, there were no signs of systemic illness on initial presentation and there was a confirmed diagnosis of HAC by specific screening tests. Dogs were excluded if they had a severe disease that might interfere with screening tests for HAC or if the screening tests were not diagnostic. There were five males and five females; six dogs were intact. Nine dogs were diagnosed at ≥7 years. Eight dogs weighed ≤10 kg. Alopecia was present in nine dogs. Eight dogs had bacterial pyoderma, five had hyperpigmentation, and four had thin skin. One dog had unresolved dermatophytosis. Skin lesions resolved after treatment in eight dogs. One dog was not treated and one was lost to follow-up. This study showed that skin lesions may be the only clinical signs of HAC. The presence of the more common clinical signs of HAC, such as a non-pruritic, truncal alopecia and/or thin skin, without any systemic signs of HAC and/or the presence of poorly responsive skin infections warrant screening for this disease.     

Fluoroacetate poisoning in seven domestic dogs

Sodium monofluoroacetate, also known as compound 1080, is used in Australia for control of feral and pest species. Poisoning of non-target species by sodium monofluoroacetate can be difficult to diagnose if there is no history of exposure because clinical signs are non-specific. This communication describes the poisoning by sodium monofluoroacetate of seven dogs from one property over a period of 3 days. Poisoning by sodium monofluoroacetate was confirmed by toxicological analysis of stomach contents, gastric lavage fluid and vomitus from three of the dogs, but the source of the toxin was not found. Six of the seven dogs were Maremmas, and livestock guard animals may be at particular risk of exposure to pest control baiting programs.     

Myopathy and alterations in serum 3-methylhistidine in dogs with liver disease

Liver disease can influence the metabolism of various other organs. Regarding the influence of liver diseases on muscles, only a few studies done on people exist. The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of liver diseases on muscles in dogs. Twenty-eight dogs with different liver diseases were investigated in this study. The diagnosis of muscle alteration was based on electromyography (EMG), creatine kinase serum activity, 3-methylhistidine serum concentration and a muscle biopsy in some cases. Our results suggest that liver diseases in dogs can be accompanied with muscle alteration. 3-Methylhistidine serum concentration as a new parameter for muscle destruction in dogs was significantly increased compared to clinical healthy dogs and was comparable to those concentrations in dogs with histologically confirmed myopathy of different types. The differentiation of the liver diseases into severe hepatitis, moderate hepatitis and liver tumours showed a significant elevation of 3-methylhistidine serum concentration in cases of liver tumours (P=0.03) and a tendency in cases of severe hepatitis (P=0.07). Based on our study we can conclude that liver diseases have an influence on muscles in dogs and 3-methylhistidine could be a useful parameter for muscle destruction.