松球壳孢菌菌落生长速度对比研究

利用79个辽宁松球壳孢菌菌株与4个A型和B型标准菌株及4个美国菌株进行菌落生长速度对比研究发现，除个别菌株外，辽宁菌株的菌落生长速度显著慢于供试的A型标准菌株和美国菌株；美国菌株与A型标准菌株的菌落生长速度相近，显著快于B型标准菌株；辽宁菌株之间也有显著差别。同时发现，光照可加快菌落离体生长速度。     

23株白僵菌菌株生物学特性的研究

在PDA与虫粉-蛋白胨2种培养基以及1%葡萄糖+7%麦皮滤液中,对23株白僵菌菌株的菌落形态、菌丝生长、产孢量以及在不同温度、湿度下的孢子萌发率、抗紫外线能力等方面进行了试验。结果表明:菌落形态可分为3种类型;在2种培养基上,同一菌株及不同菌株在不同培养基上的产孢量也有差异,菌丝徒长的产孢量低;不同温度、湿度下,不同菌株分生孢子萌发率有明显差异。与其它菌株相比,Bpp、Be2、Bd5、Bbt1、Bpx2、Bpr3菌株萌发率高,表现出较好的耐高温和抗旱性以及抗紫外线能力。     

我国杨生褐盘二孢菌菌株比较

从我国江苏、河南、山东、陕西、北京和吉林６个省（市）的不同杨树上收集了４２个杨生褐盘二孢菌标本，比较和分析了它们的分生孢子大小和形态，培养性状，致病性方面的差异；并观察了它们之间的菌丝融合情况。４２个菌株间的分生孢子平均长度、平均宽度和分隔位置存在差异不显著。菌株个体内单个分生孢子变异幅度很大。分离自白杨派杨树上的菌株孢子萌发时均产生一个芽管；在ＰＤＡ培养基上菌落生长速度较快（２５ｄ菌落直径在１ｃ     

板栗疫病菌营养体亲和性研究

通过对湖南、重庆两省11个区县市的栗疫病病原菌菌株进行了营养亲和性(VC)研究。结果表明，菌株间营养体的亲合性可分为菌株间亲合与菌株间不亲合两种类型，亲合性菌株表现为菌丝相互融合，菌落间抗衡区不明显；而不亲和的菌株可分为三种反应类型：I型为强不亲和，抗衡区两侧形成明显的分生孢子器带；Ⅱ型为弱不亲和，抗衡区无分生孢子器产生；Ⅲ型为中等不亲和，分生孢子器带只在抗衡区一侧形成，56个菌株被划分为30个VCC，只含单个菌株的VCG占大多数，并探讨了生物防治栗疫病的可能性，     

重庆樟树溃疡病病原菌的鉴定及序列分析

[目的]为了明确重庆樟树溃疡病的病原菌种类。[方法]采集重庆市渝中区、北碚区和涪陵区的樟树溃疡病样品进行病原菌的分离与纯化,观察病原菌的形态学特征,对不同菌落形态代表菌株的rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin和EF1-α序列进行扩增和测序,构建系统进化树,并测定其致病性。[结果]从重庆不同地区采集的樟树溃疡病样品中共分离得到48份菌株,单菌丝纯化后得到68株纯化菌株,根据纯化菌株在PDA培养基上的培养特性及分生孢子特征,将其分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型3种类型。选取不同类型的代表菌株构建系统进化树,结果表明:这3类菌株分别为葡萄座腔菌属中的Botryosphaeria dothidea、B.parva和B.rhodina。致病性测定结果发现:所有菌株均能使樟树枝条产生黑色坏死病斑,且B.parva菌株的致病性最强,B.rhodina菌株的致病性次之,B.dothidea菌株的致病性最弱。[结论]重庆樟树溃疡病的病原菌为B.dothidea、B.parva和B.rhodina,其中B.rhodina和B.parva为引起樟树溃疡病的首次报道。     

湖南牡丹根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗菌的筛选

【目的】引发牡丹根腐病的镰刀菌属真菌种类繁多，且病害症状类似，难以判断。为了探明引发湖南地区牡丹根腐病主要病原菌的种类，并为牡丹根腐病的诊断与生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】从湖南农业大学园林花卉基地采集患病牡丹植株，采用组织分离法分离纯化病原菌，采用柯赫氏法则检验病菌分离物的致病性；分别以形态学、分子生物学方法对致病菌进行鉴定；采用平板对峙法对14株前期从健康牡丹根茎部分离获得的内生细菌菌株进行抑菌性筛选。【结果】在对分离所获12株病原真菌分离物的致病性的检测中发现，其中的5株在PDA平板上的侧根变黑腐烂且其周围菌丝生长旺盛，其致病性均强；将此5株致病菌置于PDA平板上培养7 d后观察发现，其菌落呈圆形，颜色呈灰白色，气生菌丝较密集且呈革质胶状；致病菌菌丝中含有大量的大、小型分生孢子，大型分生孢子呈镰刀形，具有3～5个隔膜，小型分生孢子呈卵形或肾形，具有0～1个隔膜；厚垣孢子呈球形且多为间生状。结合运用分子生物学方法，基于ITS序列分析，构建了5株致病菌的系统发育树，5株分离物全部被鉴定为茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani。平板对峙培养结果表明，14株内生细菌菌株中有9株能拮抗茄...     

香樟叶斑病病原菌的鉴定、菌丝生长速率及防治药剂筛选研究

[目的 ]鉴定引起万州区香樟叶斑病的病原菌，明确病原菌菌丝生长特性，筛选出有效抑制叶斑病病原菌的杀菌剂，为该病的防治提供理论基础。[方法 ]采用组织分离法分离和纯化病原菌，用柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定，通过形态特征及ITS、tub2、GAPDH、ApMat多基因联合分析鉴定其病原菌种类；用菌丝生长速率法研究其菌丝生长特性，并进行杀菌剂的筛选。[结果 ]分离菌株在PDA培养基上培养3 d呈现灰褐色，边缘灰白色，后期有橘红色孢子堆出现，分生孢子呈长椭圆形、两端钝圆、透明无色、为独立的单胞，测量其孢子大小为(9.8～18.6)μm×(4.2～6.0)μm；用两种方法对优势菌株ZT-1进行致病性检验，均能引起香樟叶片发病；代表菌株ZT-1和ZT-5与胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)聚在一支，支持率达100%；菌落的最适生长温度为28℃，最适pH值为6.0，马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基利于菌丝生长，最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖、甘氨酸，最适的光照条件是全黑暗；在化学和生物杀菌剂中，15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、1%蛇床子素水乳剂的室内毒力较强，对C. gloeospor...     

人参锈腐病菌产孢条件研究

为了探明人参锈腐病菌Cylindrocarpon destructans(Zinss) Scholten的产孢条件,在室内不同培养条件下对人参锈腐病菌产孢条件进行了研究.结果表明,病菌分生孢子产生的适宜温度为15～ 25℃;厚垣孢子产生的适宜温度为10～20℃,最适为15℃.产生分生孢子和厚垣孢子的适宜pH值为5～7,最适pH值为6.不同碳源上病菌均能产生分生孢子和厚垣孢子,其中葡萄糖和果糖对分生孢子的产生促进最大,但不同的碳源对厚垣孢子产量的影响不明显.分生孢子在尿素为氮源的培养基上大量产生,在缺氮培养基上不产生;厚垣孢子在不同氮源培养基上均能产生,在酵母膏培养基上产量最大.不同培养基中,在人参根培养基上分生孢子产生所需时间短,产量高;厚垣孢子在PDA和基础培养基上产生所需时间短,产量高.光照条件对分生孢子的产生没有明显的影响,但对厚垣孢子的产生有明显的抑制作用.     

杨梅弗兰克氏菌生物学特性研究

用根瘤切片法从浙江省多个产地的荸荠种、东魁种和深红种杨梅根瘤中分离得到5个杨梅弗兰克氏菌株,对其进行形态培养、生理类型和营养源利用等生物学特性的研究.结果表明,菌株在QMOD和BAP培养基中生长良好;生理类型试验参试的五株菌株中有2株菌株为生理B型,2株为生理A型,1株为生理AB型;菌株在营养源试验中,表现出以丙酮酸钠为唯一碳源或分别以酪蛋白、蛋白胨为唯一氮源的BAP培养基中生长良好.     

内寄生真菌Esteya vermicola对松材线虫侵染活力的测定

从不同培养基、不同测定方法、不同菌株、不同孢子浓度4个方面测定内寄生真菌Esteya vermicola孢子对松材线虫的侵染活力,结果表明:该真菌离体分生孢子对松材线虫有侵染活力;PDA固体培养比PDB液体培养所得孢子能更有效的粘附和杀死松材线虫;在WA平板上,采用浸渍法测定孢子对线虫的侵染活力比其他处理效果好;在供试的3个菌株(CUN 120806、CBS 10082和CBS 115803)中,CBS 115803菌株对松材线虫具有较高侵染活性;4个不同浓度(1×109、1×108、1×107、1×106个·mL-1)孢子对线虫的作用中,随着孢子浓度降低,孢子对线虫侵染能力也随之降低。     

Sur un cas de variabilité chez Sphaeropsis sapinea

A case of variability in Sphaero sis sapinea . Two isolates (type I and type II) of Sphaeropsis sqinea were isolated from the co lar of a declining Cedrus deo daa in the South of France. Cultural characteristics on PDA and MEA as well as conidial dimensions were compared with those of types A and B of S. sapinea described to occur in North America. Type II was similar to type A in respect to cultural aspects and growth but distinctly different in conidial dimensions. Slower growing type I was similar to type B. However, type I grew faster on PDA, had smaller conidia and lacked microconidia. Single-conidia isolates obtained from the four types showed stability of these characteristics.     

Spread of Cryphonectria hypovirus1 into 45 vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica on grafted American chestnut trees

A mixture of hypovirulent strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, including four white (European) strains infected with Cryphonectria hypovirus1 (CHV1), was used in 1982 and 1983 to inoculate natural blight cankers located within a zone ranging from the ground to 183 cm on grafted American chestnut trees. These four white strains belonged to three vegetative compatibility (vc) types. Using pigmented, single‐spore colonies from white isolates, 48 vc types were identified among 110 white isolates recovered in 1996, 1998, and 1999 from cankers located outside the inoculated zone. Twenty‐five of the 48 white vc types consisted of two or more isolates. The 25 major white vc types were vegetatively incompatible with all four of the original white hypovirulent strains, providing evidence for spread of CHV1 but not for spread of the original inoculated strains. Forty‐five vc types represent the minimum number of `new' vc types into which CHV1 had spread. The ratio of white vc types to white isolates tested (S/N) and Shannon diversity index were 0.436 and 3.64, respectively. The spatial pattern of white vc types on the grafts was found to be non‐random (p=0.019). White single‐spore colonies of white isolates were placed into four cultural morphology (CM) groups. The two largest groups contained 37 (CM group 3) and 33 (CM group 1) isolates. Single‐spore colonies from the original, white inoculated strain, Ep 49, were classified into CM groups 3 and 1, and colonies of Ep 51 W were classified into CM group 1.     

竹类食用蕈菌——海绵胶煤炱菌子实体的纯培养

探索海绵胶煤炱菌子实体形成的培养条件,研究该菌的子实体发育规律,为规模化生产这种新型食用蕈菌提供技术方案。在浙江、四川、江苏等地共采集到100多份野生子实体标本,经组织分离得到纯培养菌株,在多种琼脂、液体、固体培养基上进行纯培养。在琼脂和固体培养基上,菌丝体直接分泌胶质物质形成胶质的小型子实体;在液体培养基上只形成菌丝和胶质菌丝球,不形成子实体。该菌的形态发育过程:分生孢子萌发→菌丝→胶质组织→子实体分枝→小型子实体→形成分生孢子器和分生孢子→释放孢子。海绵胶煤炱菌在纯培养条件下难以形成大型子实体。     

In vitro influence of phosphite on chlamydospore production and viability of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Chlamydospores of four isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi were produced on mycelium grown on medium with or without 100 μg phosphite/ml, then tested for germination on medium containing no phosphite or 100 or 160 μg phosphite/ml. For each isolate when spores were produced on medium without phosphite, there was no effect of phosphite on germination. However, chlamydospores produced in the presence of 100 μg phosphite/ml showed significantly lower germination on media with no phosphite, 100 or 160 μg phosphite/ml than those produced in the absence of phosphite. For isolates known to be phosphite sensitive, the level of viable non‐germinated chlamydospores was higher amongst those produced on medium containing phosphite than amongst the controls, suggesting phosphite induces chlamydospore dormancy in some isolates of P. cinnamomi. Chlamydospores were produced uniformly across the radius of colonies on solid or liquid control media, but on media containing 100 μg phosphite/ml, chlamydospore production was lower in the centre of the colony and peaked at a point where mycelial morphology changed from tightly packed to sparse. This change in mycelial morphology and the peak in chlamydospore numbers did not occur when the pathogen was grown on liquid medium renewed every few days. In renewed medium, chlamydospores were evenly distributed across the radius of the colony.     

红汁乳菇菌种分离培养及其对马尾松苗木生长效应研究

红汁乳菇菌种分离实验表明，红汁乳菇可通过组织分离获得纯菌，不同地域的红汁乳菇子实体在相同条件下进行分离时，菌丝生长的快慢不同。红汁乳菇一级菌种培养时，菌丝在PDA、MMN、酵母葡萄糖酸钙培养基上生长较快和旺盛，菌丝在MS、查氏、蛋白胨培养基上生长缓慢，且生长很弱。用液体培养的红汁乳菇接种马尾松幼苗可形成菌根化苗，苗木菌根形成率为73．3％，且菌根明显促进马尾松苗木生长。马尾松菌根化苗可以提高马尾松苗出圃率及造林成活率，促进马尾松生长，为实现红汁乳菇的半人工栽培提供基础。     

Incomplete movement of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 within a vegetative compatibility type of Cryphonectria parasitica in natural cankers on grafted American chestnut trees

American chestnut trees, grafted in 1980 from large survivors, were inoculated in 1982 and 1983 with four white (European) hypovirulent strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, infected with C. hypovirus 1 (CHV1); this hypovirus has been shown to be capable of moving rapidly within the mycelium of a vegetative compatibility (vc) type of C. parasitica in blight cankers. Using a 49‐cell lattice plot, 17.8×17.8 cm, the spatial patterns and frequencies of white and pigmented isolates and white and pigmented vc types were investigated within superficial cankers on the grafts located outside the hypovirulent‐strain‐inoculated zone. Four of six cankers assayed contained white isolates, and three of the four had random spatial patterns of white isolates, based on join‐count statistics. Vc tests, using pigmented isolates and pigmented single‐spore colonies of white isolates, indicated that the majority of white and pigmented isolates recovered from each of two cankers assayed were in one vc type. White and pigmented lattice‐plot cells of the same vc type were frequently in contact with each other, indicating incomplete movement of CHV1 within a vc type. Nine and 10 vc types were found in the two cankers; it is hypothesized that small, white vc type areas in each canker may be a source of CHV1 transmission to the major vc types. Based on join‐count statistics, the spatial pattern of the single, major vc type in one canker was non‐random (aggregated), whereas the other canker had a random major vc type pattern. White and pigmented in vitro variants (sectors) of C. parasitica, that resemble white and pigmented in vivo variants in spatial contact and vc compatibility, were intermediate hypovirulent and virulent on forest American chestnuts, and dsRNA positive and negative, respectively. Incomplete movement of CHV1 within a vc type could be a major cause of the prevalence of pigmented isolates in superficial cankers on chestnut trees.     

合欢枯萎病菌的生物学特性研究

通过组织分离法获得合欢枯萎病纯茵种，并以常规方法对合欢枯萎病病茵的生物学特性进行了研究，其结果表明，该茵可在PDA、PSA以及合欢的根、茎、叶培养基上生长，在PDA及PSA上的生长情况基本一致，且茵丝旺盛，而在合欢根、茎、叶培养基中的生长情况稍差；该茵的生长温度为5～32℃，最适生长温度为23—29℃；孢子在葡萄糖培养...     

澳大利亚ECM菌在尾叶桉上的筛选及其接种效应

报道４３种澳大利亚及２种国产外生菌根菌株在广东尾叶桉人工林上的筛选试验的初期研究结果。分别对试验林６、１２和２４个月的生长情况进行了调查,数据分析结果表明,与未接种对照林木相比,接种试验林在树高和地径（或胸径）生长量上均表现出显著的接种优势（Ｐ〈０．０１）;接种林３次调查平均树高生长量最大增幅分别为２６．１％、３３．７％和２７．４％,地径（或胸径）最大增幅分别为１９．２％、２１．５９％和１９．３２％;２４个月时每公顷材积最大幅为５６．８％。Ｅ０７１０（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｈ４６７０（Ｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、Ｅ４５０１（Ａｍａｎｉｔａ）、Ｅ２０１３（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｃ９３０１（Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ）、Ｈ１２７２（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｒｍａ）、Ｈ１１９４（Ｔｈａｘｔｅｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ）、Ｈ０６０３（Ｓｃｌ     

Recherche sur la nutrition azotée de plusieurs souches1 de ĽArmillaria mellea

Investigation of nitrogen nutrition in different strains of Armillaria mellea. I. Utilisation of different sources of nitrogen. The assimilation of different forms of nitrogen - NO₃-, NH₄+ and L-asparagine by isolates of Armillaria mellea from France and Poland was investigated. Both the growth aspect, in which mycelial biomass production was related to the utilisation of nitrogen sources, and the morphological aspect, involving aerial mycelium, sclerotia and rhizomorphs, were studied. Significantly difterent effects were recorded for the influence of nitrogen source, the period of growth and their interaction on the growth of various isolates. Different nitrogen sources significantly affected sclerotial and rhizomorph formation. Isolates of A. mellea, geographically and genetically different, were shown to be also physiologically specialised as was also C. tabescens.