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1.
Shigemitsu Kimura Susumu Tokumaru Kazuhiko Kuge 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(5):390-394
Eremothecium ashbyi and E. coryli were present in the maxillary and mandibular stylet pouches of the contaminated heads of the true bug Riptortus pedestris collected during a field survey, 2007. Ascospores of E. ashbyi and E. coryli were taken up in the stylet pouch when R. pedestris fed on soybean seeds infected with the respective fungus. In the case of E. ashbyi, the ascospores had subsequently germinated and were recognized as large masses of mycelia in the stylet pouch. In contrast,
masses of E. coryli including buds of irregular size and shape were recognized about 3 days after. These results proved that these yeasts are
taken up and become lodged in the stylet pouch when the insect feeds on infected host plants. In stylet sheaths stained with
erythrosine, E. ashbyi was found as fragments of mycelia and E. coryli was found as small buds. These observations yield evidence to confirm that E. ashbyi and E. coryli are transmitted as fragments of mycelia and as small buds, respectively, after the insect has fed on infected host plants. 相似文献
2.
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA-1 and the 5-terminal region of RNA-2 from Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) isolate PV132. This report is the first analysis of the genome organization of BBWV-1. We also determined the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA-1 from Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2) isolate IP and analyzed the genetic relations between BBWV-1 and BBWV-2. Similar to the BBWV-2 isolates, both RNAs of PV132 encoded a single large polyprotein, which was predicted to contain some functional proteins in a manner similar to those of comovirus. With respect to the deduced amino acid sequences of the mature proteins, PV132 and IP had only 20%–40% homology to comovirus. On the other hand, IP was 73%–98% homologous to BBWV-2 isolates, but PV132 was 39%–67% homologous to the isolates. Although the extent of the homologies differed, the homologies were limited between BBWV-1 and BBWV-2 not only for the coat protein but also for the other proteins. These results clearly support the placement of BBWV-1 and BBWV-2 in the genus Fabavirus as distinct species, proposed on the basis of double immunodiffusion tests.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB084450 (RNA-1 of isolate PV132), AB084451 (RNA-2 of isolate PV132), and AB023484 (RNA-1 of isolate IP) 相似文献
3.
In May 1998 and 1999, two types of leaf spot (black type and brown type) caused by Phoma spp. were found on Farfugium japonicum in Tokyo and in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The fungus isolated from black-type lesions caused only black-type lesions, and the fungus from brown-type lesions caused only brown-type lesions. We propose to name these diseases black leaf spot of F. japonicum (kokuhan-byo in Japanese) for the disease with black lesions and circular leaf spot of F. japonicum (rinmon-byo in Japanese) for the disease with brown lesions. This is the first report on leaf diseases of F. japonicum caused by Phoma spp. 相似文献
4.
A new bacterial black spot disease was observed on Odontoglossum, Odontioda, Odontocidium, and Vuylstekeara orchids in Japan. Typical symptoms on the leaves were dark or black spots (or both) with a yellow halo. The causal agent was identified as Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis, Van Van, Bardin, Goor, Hebbar, Willems, Segers, Kersters, Heulin and Fernandez 1995. The isolates were pathogenic on four original host orchids, Phalaenopsis orchid, and tulip; they were not pathogenic on white clover or corn after needle stab inoculation. An antibiotic bactericide (oxytetracycline/streptomycin mixture WP) was most effective for controlling the disease. 相似文献
5.
Tri Asmira Damayanti Desmiarti Susilo Siti Nurlaelah Dewi Sartiami Tetsuro Okuno Kazuyuki Mise 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(6):438-442
Severe mosaic with leaf malformation and green vein banding was observed on yam bean in West and Central Java, Indonesia.
Virions of the causal virus were flexuous filaments, about 700 nm in length, with a coat protein of 30 kDa. The virus was
transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein
gene had the highest identity with that of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV, genus Potyvirus) isolate VN/BB2-5. Based on demarcation criteria, including the genome sequence and host range, we tentatively designate
this isolate as BCMV-IYbn (Indonesian yam bean).
The nucleotide sequence reported is available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB289438. 相似文献
6.
The clustered hrp genes encoding the type III secretion system in the Japanese strains MAFF301237 and MAFF311018 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were sequenced and compared. The strains differ in their pathogenicity, location, and year of isolation. A 30-kbp sequence comprising 29 open reading frames (ORFs) was identical in its structural arrangement in both strains but differed from X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. citri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycines in certain genes located between the hpaB-hrpF interspace region. The DNA sequence and the putative amino acid sequence in each ORF was also identical in both X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains as were the PIP boxes and the relative sequences. These facts clearly showed that the structure of the hrp gene cluster in X. oryzae pv. oryzae is unique. 相似文献
7.
We examined the response of adzuki bean leaves to infection by Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola and determined whether inoculated leaves can be used to evaluate cultivar resistance. Detached adzuki bean leaves were inoculated
with zoospores, and the resulting symptoms were diagnosed. Resistant reactions were characterized by dark brown, speckled
lesions or a lack of symptoms, while susceptible reactions were characterized by water-soaked spreading lesions. In an inoculation
experiment using a combination of three differential cultivars and three races, the response of 10-day-old primary leaves
accurately differentiate between race-specific resistance and susceptibility of adzuki cultivars. 相似文献
8.
Toyozo Sato Jun Okamoto Yosuke Degawa Shigeru Matsunari Kokichi Takahashi Keisuke Tomioka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):46-51
In some areas of Japan, yellow spots with white pustules on leaves, stems, petioles, peduncles and calyces were found on Ipomoea nil, I. triloba, I. lacunosa and I. hederacea var. integriuscula. We demonstrated that the diseases on I. nil, I. triloba and I. lacunosa were caused by host-specific strains of Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae and defined three forma speciales of the fungus, respectively, for the three Ipomoea species: “f. sp. nile”, “f. sp. trilobae” and “f. sp. lacunosae”. Because the diseases were new to Japan, we coined the Japanese name “shirosabi-byo”, which means white rust. We also showed
that the disease on I. hederacea var. integriuscula was caused by A. ipomoeae-hardwickii. We named this new disease “white rust (shirosabi-byo in Japanese)”. 相似文献
9.
Xiu-Fang Hu Fei-Xiang Ying Yu-Bo He Yuan-Yuan Gao Hai-Min Chen Ji-Shuang Chen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):305-310
Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese herb which has been used in China for over 1,000 years. A soft-rot disease characterized by water-soaked
lesions and soft-rot symptoms with a stinking odour was commonly observed in cultivated fields of this plant, and Pectobacterium-like bacteria were consistently isolated from the infected tissues. Two typical strains (SXR1 and ZJR1), isolated from Shanxi
and Zhejiang, respectively, were identified. Pathogenicity tests revealed that these strains were virulent to P. ternata and induced the same symptoms as observed in the field. Characterization involving fatty acid profile, metabolic and physiological
properties, 16S rDNA sequence and PCR-RFLP identified both isolates as P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc). The 16S rDNA of both isolates shared 97–99% sequence similarity with that of Pcc strains. The phylogenetic trees showed
that both isolates were clustered in the group of Pcc and P. carotovorum subsp. odorifera and both PCR-RFLP profiles were consistent with the pattern E produced by the minority of Pcc strains. Thus, isolates SXR1
and ZJR1 were characterized as Pcc in spite of some differences. This is the first report that Pcc has been proven as a causal
agent of soft-rot disease on P. ternata. 相似文献
10.
Mikiko Harada Satoshi Ishikawa Tadaaki Hibi Kyoko Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):341-343
In 2003–2004, anthracnoses of Enkianthus campanulatus and Rhynchosia acuminatifolia were found for the first time in Kanagawa Prefecture and Tokyo in Japan. These pathogens were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on their pathogenicity, morphology and ribosomal DNA spacer sequences.
Results were presented at the annual meeting of The Phytopathological Society of Japan in 2004. 相似文献
11.
Eisse G. de Haan Toos C. E. M. Dekker-Nooren Gé W. van den Bovenkamp Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder Patricia S. van der Zouwen Jan M. van der Wolf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):561-569
It is well established that the pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pca) and Dickeya spp. are causal organisms of blackleg in potato. In temperate climates, the role of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) in potato blackleg, however, is unclear. In different western and central European countries plants are frequently
found with blackleg from which only Pcc can be isolated, but not Pca or Dickeya spp. Nevertheless, tubers vacuum-infiltrated with Pcc strains have so far never yielded blackleg-diseased plants in field
experiments in temperate climates. In this study, it is shown that potato tubers, vacuum-infiltrated with a subgroup of Pcc
strains isolated in Europe, and planted in two different soil types, can result in up to 50% blackleg diseased plants. 相似文献
12.
Toshiko Furukawa Kinji Ushiyama Kunihei Kishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):117-119
A leaf spot disease of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens Sellow ex J.A. Shultes) found in Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures was demonstrated to be caused by Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. and Curt.) Wei based on inoculation experiments, and morphological identification of the pathogenic fungus. Isolates
of C. cassiicola from cucumber, green pepper, and hydrangea were also pathogenic to scarlet sage leaves. Although the isolates from cucumber,
green pepper, and hydrangea were pathogenic to scarlet sage leaves, the scarlet sage isolate was not pathogenic to cucumber,
green pepper, hydrangea, eggplant, tomato or soybean. 相似文献
13.
Two diseases of adzuki bean, brown stem rot (BSR, caused by Cadophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola) and adzuki bean Fusarium wilt (AFW, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzukicola), are serious problems in Hokkaido and have been controlled using cultivars with multiple resistance. However, because a
new race of BSR, designated race 3, was identified, sources of parental adzuki bean for resistance to race 3 were needed.
Therefore, we examined 67 cultivars and lines of cultivated and wild adzuki bean maintained at the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment
Station using a root-dip inoculation method. Consequently, nine adzuki bean cultivars, one wild adzuki bean accession and
30 lines (including two lines resistant to all the three races of BSR and AFW) were confirmed to be resistant or tolerant
to race 3 of BSR, and we found a cultivar Akamame as well as a wild adzuki bean Acc2515 to be a new source for a resistance
gene to the race 3. This cultivar also holds promise as a source of resistance against other races of BSR and AFW. 相似文献
14.
Ricardo B. Baldassari Ester Wickert Antonio de Goes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(2):103-110
In the present study, the pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Guignardia species isolated from asymptomatic ‘Tahiti’ acid lime fruit peels and leaves, ‘Pêra-Rio’ sweet orange leaves and fruit peel
lesions, and a banana leaf were characterized. For pathogenicity testing, discs of citrus leaves colonized by Phyllosticta citricarpa under controlled laboratory conditions were kept in contact with the peels of fruit that were in susceptible states. In addition,
pathogenicity was related to morphological characteristics of colonies on oatmeal (OA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). This
allowed the morphological differentiation between G. citricarpa and G. mangiferae. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were also used to identify non-pathogenic isolates based on primers specific to G. citricarpa. A total of 14 pathogenic isolates were detected during pathogenicity tests. Five of these were obtained from leaf and fruit
tissues of the ‘Tahiti’, which until this time had been considered resistant to the pathogen. Given that the G. citricarpa obtained from this host was pathogenic, it would be more appropriate to use the term insensitive rather than resistant to
categorize G. citricarpa. A non-pathogenic isolate was obtained from lesions characteristic of citrus black spot (CBS), indicating that isolation
of Guignardia spp. under these conditions does not necessarily imply isolation of pathogenic strains. This also applied to Guignardia spp. isolates from asymptomatic citrus tissues. Using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) markers,
typically pathogenic isolates were shown to be more closely related to one another than to the non-pathogenic forms, indicating
that the non-pathogenic isolates display higher levels of genetic diversity. 相似文献
15.
Ramesh R. Chavan Michael N. Pearson Dan Cohen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(2):247-259
Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa plants from China, showing a range of symptoms, including vein clearing, interveinal mottling, mosaics and chlorotic ring
spots, were found to contain ~300 nm rod-shaped virus particles. The virus was mechanically transmitted to several herbaceous
indicators causing systemic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, and N. occidentalis, and local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa. Systemically- infected leaves reacted with a Tobacco mosaic virus polyclonal antibody in indirect ELISA. PCR using generic and specific Tobamovirus primers produced a 1,526 bp sequence spanning the coat protein (CP), movement protein (MP), and partial RNA replicase genes
which showed a maximum nucleotide identity (88%) with Turnip vein clearing virus and Penstemon ringspot virus. However, when the CP sequence alone was considered the highest CP sequence identity (96% nt and 98% aa) was to Ribgrass mosaic virus strain Kons 1105. The morphological, transmission, serological and molecular properties indicate that the virus is a member
of subgroup 3 of the genus Tobamovirus. 相似文献
16.
Among the factors affecting the quality and yield of garlic production, blue mold caused by -- Penicillium spp. -- is responsible for economical losses in many countries. Allicin, present in garlic bulbs, has been suggested as having antifungal activity against some Penicillium species. This study was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic accessions against Penicillium hirsutum infection and to compare this response with bulb allicin content. Twelve garlic accessions were inoculated with P. hirsutum, and assayed in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. Plant growth parameters and the fungal production of conidia were evaluated. Significant differences were found among the accessions. Accessions Castaño and Morado were most resistant whereas AR-I-125 and Fuego were always severely affected by the disease. A low correlation was found (r = 0.17) between allicin content and tolerance, indicating that allicin is not the main factor involved in the resistance against P. hirsutum. 相似文献
17.
Keisuke Tomioka Yuuri Hirooka Takayuki Aoki Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):264-266
Severe rot of leaves, peduncles and flowers caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium
graminearum) was found on potted plants of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), a liliaceous ornamental, in greenhouses in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in January 2001. This disease was named “Fusarium
rot of hyacinth” as a new disease because only the anamorph, F.
graminearum, was identified on the diseased host plant.
The authors contributed equally to this work.
The fungal isolate and its nucleotide sequence data obtained in this study were deposited in the Genebank, National Institute
of Agrobiological Sciences and the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers MAFF239499 and AB366161, respectively. 相似文献
18.
19.
The present study was conducted to determine if there is specificity in the host-pathogen relationship between the isolates
of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal bacterium for rice blight and Leersia grasses, the alternative weed hosts of the disease. Plants of three species of Leersia, namely, L. sayanuka, L. oryzoides and L. japonica, were collected from various parts of Japan and were inoculated with the X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates obtained from various locations in Japan and from 11 Asian countries. Four L. sayanuka plants were found susceptible to all Race II isolates and some Race I isolates, but were resistant to all Race III isolates.
Race III is known to have a wider range pathogenicity to rice cultivar groups compared with Race I and II. Although the reactions
of two L. oryzoides plants to Race I and II isolates were similar to that of L. sayanuka, the L. oryzoides plant collected from Niigata Prefecture showed a susceptible reaction to some Race III isolates. On the other hand, L. japonica plants gave reactions different those of L. sayanuka and L. oryzoides, with two plants of L. japonica found to be resistant to all test isolates collected from Japan. The Asian isolates exhibited a wide host range against the
international differential rice cultivars, but almost all of them were avirulent to Leersia plants. These results indicate that the relationship between the pathogenicity of the causal bacterium and the resistance
of host plants is very complex, and suggest that pathogenic diversity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae might be related to the resistance of Leersia spp. 相似文献
20.
Satoshi Taba Ayano Takara Kanami Nasu Nao Miyahira Tetsuya Takushi Zen-ichi Moromizato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):160-162
An outbreak of black mottle and dieback on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; Lamiaceae) was recorded in a greenhouse in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan during 2004. The causal agent was identified as
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler based on morphological characters and growth temperature. This report is the first of Alternaria leaf spot
of basil caused by A. alternata. 相似文献