多烯磷脂酰胆碱对家兔肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱对家兔肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:15只中国白兔随机分成假手术对照组、肝脏缺血-再灌注模型组和多烯磷脂酰胆碱干预组,检测肝脏微循环中滞留的白细胞数量、血清ALT、AST和LDH含量,观察肝脏的病理变化。结果:模型组肝脏微循环中滞留的中性粒细胞数量、血清ALT、AST和LDH含量明显高于对照组(P0.05),肝细胞弥漫性水泡变性和散在坏死;干预组肝脏微循环中滞留的中性粒细胞数量、血清中ALT、AST和LDH含量均明显低于模型组,肝脏病理变化轻微。结论:肝脏缺血-再灌注可导致肝细胞弥漫性水泡变性和散在性坏死,多烯磷脂酰胆碱对肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤有明显保护作用。     

饲料磷脂水平对巴丁鱼肝脏脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

研究旨在探讨饲料磷脂对巴丁鱼肝脏脂肪代谢的影响。将巴丁鱼(Pangasius sutchi)900尾[初始体重(1.45±0.08)g/尾]随机分成5组,分别投喂5组饲料,各组磷脂水平分别为0%(PL0组)、1%(PL1组)、2%(PL2组)、3%(PL3组)和4%(PL4组)。结果表明:1PL0组的肝脏脂肪含量最高,显著高于PL2组(P0.05);2巴丁鱼肝细胞内含有程度不同的脂肪油滴,严重程度依次排序为PL0组PL1组PL4组PL2组≈PL3组;3PL0组肝脏中的NADP-MDH和G-6-PDH活性最高,随着磷脂添加水平升高,酶的活性下降;PL3组的NADP-MDH活性和G-6-PDH活性最低,随后酶活缓慢升高。试验结果表明,在巴丁鱼幼鱼饲料中添加适宜的磷脂(3%),能有效降低鱼体肝脏中的脂肪沉积;而当饲料缺乏磷脂或磷脂过量时,肝脏脂肪沉积增多,脂肪合成相关酶的活性补偿性升高。     

低钙日粮对蛋鸡蛋黄及肝脏脂肪含量的影响

选用90只23周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,分别饲喂含钙0.4%、1.2%、2.0%、2.8%和3.6%的日粮,试验期90d。结果表明,0.4%和1.2%钙水平日粮组的产蛋率、耗料量、蛋质量和蛋黄磷脂含量显著降低;料蛋比、破蛋率、蛋黄粗脂肪、肝脏系数和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著提高;试验后期2.0%钙水平日粮组蛋黄磷脂显著降低;蛋黄粗脂肪、肝脏系数和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著升高。     

不同能量蛋白水平日粮中添加磷脂和NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡相关生理机能的影响

为了研究磷脂和NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡消化力的影响,在不同能量蛋白日粮中分别添加磷脂、NSP酶制剂以及二者复合添加.结果表明:磷脂有提高21 d肉仔鸡的肝脏和胰腺器官指数的趋势;3个处理组的养分表观消化率总体上都表现一定降低的趋势;各组空肠消化酶活性多表现一定升高;复合添组提高了21 d空肠黏膜二糖酶活性.     

不同能量蛋白水平日粮中添加磷脂和NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡相关生理机能的影响

为了研究磷脂和NSP酶制剂对肉仔鸡消化力的影响,在不同能量蛋白日粮中分别添加磷脂、NSP酶制剂以及二者复合添加。结果表明：磷脂有提高21 d肉仔鸡的肝脏和胰腺器官指数的趋势;3个处理组的养分表观消化率总体上都表现一定降低的趋势;各组空肠消化酶活性多表现一定升高;复合添组提高了21 d空肠黏膜二糖酶活性。     

不同加工处理的大豆磷脂对于对虾生产性能影响的研究

水产动物的能量来源主要是脂肪和蛋白质,因此要求饲料中脂肪的含量较高。磷脂具有亲水和亲油两种性质,在肝脏帮助脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢,在甲壳动物中是最主要的脂质的运输形式。许多研究指出,在水产饲料中添加卵磷脂可以提高饲料的营养价值。水产饲料中通常使用的磷脂是大豆磷脂,它含有胆碱磷脂、脑磷脂、肌醇磷脂、磷脂酸、丝胺酸磷脂、固醇、高度不饱合脂肪酸及植物油等。在磷脂中一般含有     

浅谈氯化胆碱的添加方法

<正> 氯化胆碱既有甲基供体的作用,又是磷脂形成的辅基,在生物体中能够调节脂肪代谢,保护肝脏促进磷脂形成,防止因脂肪肝引起的病变。因此它是一种重要的饲料添加剂,在鸡和猪的日粮中相当重要。目前,肉鸡和蛋鸡日粮中氯化胆碱添加量达到了0.1%。但是,氯化胆碱添加不当,常会引起各种预混料成分严重的互相排斥现象,所以必须采取一定的添加办法。     

饲料级大豆磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇的检测研究

本研究探讨了应用高效液相色谱法同时检测饲料添加剂大豆磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇的可行性。结果表明:应用液相色谱法检测三种主成分含量方法的相对标准偏差均小于4%,回收率均为96%～103%。该方法应用于测定饲料级大豆磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰肌醇含量可行。     

槲皮素对蛋鸡生产性能及脂类代谢的影响

试验旨在研究槲皮素对蛋鸡生产性能及脂类代谢的影响。选择240只29周龄的海赛蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.04%和0.06%槲皮素,试验期为8周。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组槲皮素能显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率与血清胰岛素含量(P<0.05),显著降低肝脏粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组槲皮素显著提高了蛋黄粗脂肪、蛋黄总磷脂、血清胰岛素和雌二醇的含量(P<0.05),显著降低料蛋比、肝脏粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),且低密度脂蛋白胆固醇有下降的趋势(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组槲皮素能提高蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋黄粗脂肪与总磷脂的含量,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,0.04%槲皮素为适宜添加量,能提高蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄中磷脂含量,降低肝脏粗脂肪含量。     

夏季应防鸡脂肪肝综合征

鸡脂肪肝综合征是由于长期饲喂含碳水化合物过高的高能日粮,同时饲料中缺乏蛋氨酸和胆碱等嗜脂因子,使肝脏从中性脂肪合成磷脂的过程中发生障碍,从而大量中性脂肪在肝脏内沉积,加上鸡只缺乏运动而引起的。它能使肝细胞与血管壁变脆而易发生肝脏出     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.