NaCl胁迫对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理4种不同的玉米品种，测定玉米的发芽率、株高、叶绿素含量、根系活力等指标。实验结果表明：随着NaCl浓度的增强，玉米种子的发芽率、株高、叶绿素和根系活力都相应下降。综合各项指标，品种K东单14相对于其它品种耐盐性最好。     

NaCl胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以毛竹种子及幼苗为研究材料,研究NaCl胁迫对毛竹种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:NaCl胁迫下,毛竹种予发芽势、发芽率均呈总体下降趋势,但低浓度下的发芽势和发芽率与对照ck无显著差异.随着NaCl浓度的增高,毛竹幼苗的外部形态特征的伤害逐渐加重;叶片SOD、POD活性呈先升高,后下降的趋势;叶片MDA含量呈上升趋势;叶片叶绿素含量呈下降趋势.     

NaCl胁迫对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用纸床培养,通过测定发芽势、发芽率、及各项生理指标的方法研究了不同浓度的NaCl胁迫对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:盐浓度<150 mmol/L时,油菜种子萌发与幼苗生长良好,在150～300 mmol/L范围内,油菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长,鲜重和干重等生理指标均随着盐浓度的升高而下降,盐害率不断上升.当NaCl浓度≥300 mmol/L时,种子完全不萌发.随着NaCl溶液浓度的升高,对油菜幼苗的相对电导率和伤害率不断升高,而叶绿素a、b的含量则呈不断下降的趋势.说明NaCl浓度积累到一定程度后才对由此种子萌发和幼苗产生盐害,油菜受NaCl盐害在一定的浓度范围内随浓度增大而增大,NaCl浓度积累达到一定程度后,油菜不能萌发.     

外源2,4-表油菜素内酯对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗光合特性的影响

为探明外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对NaCl胁迫下燕麦光合作用的调控机理,以加燕2号、青引2号燕麦为材料,在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,研究外源EBR对燕麦幼苗光合气体交换参数、荧光动力学参数、光合电子传递速率及PSⅡ光能分配情况的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著降低了燕麦幼苗的光合色素含量,抑制了PSⅡ反应中心活性,导致燕麦幼苗PSⅡ光化学效率下降,净光合速率(Pn)显著降低。和NaCl胁迫相比较,添加外源EBR后,燕麦幼苗叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Chlx·c)含量显著增加;燕麦幼苗的Pn、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用效率(WUE)显著升高,胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)显著降低,最大荧光(Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ实际光合效率(ФPSⅡ)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、天线色素转化效率(Fv′/Fm′)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)及PSⅡ光化学反应能(P)显著升高,初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)及反应中心耗散能(E)、天线耗散能(D...     

NaCl胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发及胚生长的影响

通过采用不同浓度的NaCl胁迫，研究NaCl对罗布麻种子的发芽率、发芽速度、发芽指数、胚根、胚芽的影响，并对解除盐胁迫后的发芽率、胚根和胚芽的生长进行测定分析。结果表明，低浓度的NaCl（≤50mm。1／L）促进种子萌发，高浓度的NaCI（≥200mmol／L）抑制种子萌发；NaCl溶液对罗布麻胚、胚根和胚芽的生长有明显的抑制作用，盐胁迫解除后，罗布麻种子的发芽率随原盐浓度增加呈降低的趋势。     

NaCl胁迫对叶底珠种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过水培和土培试验,研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫对叶底珠种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,结果表明：随着NaCl浓度的升高,叶底珠种子的发芽率、发芽势、胚根长度和幼苗的高度下降,而游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和POD活性增加。     

NaCl胁迫对冬瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

将冬瓜种子分别用0%、0.06%、0.12%、0.18%、0.24%、0.30%的NaCl溶液浸种,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫对冬瓜种子萌发的影响.结果表明,低浓度的NaCl胁迫对冬瓜种子萌发影响不大,但能提高冬瓜幼苗的各种抗逆指标.其中0.12%的NaCl处理后获得的幼苗维生素C(Vitamin C)含量最高;NaCl浓度为0.18%时,幼苗体内过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活隆生最大.当NaCl浓度超过0.24%时,开始出现胁迫症状,各种萌发指标和幼苗的抗逆指标下降.随后将分别经过0%、0.06%、0.12%、0.18%的NaCl胁迫锻炼后的冬瓜幼苗移栽到含有0.6%NaCl的盐渍土中,发现对照植株在移栽后生长状态很差,幼苗死亡率达到35.7%;用0.06%的NaCl锻炼后.冬瓜幼苗生长状态较差:用0.12%、0.18%的NaCl锻炼后的幼苗能在含0.6%的NaCl土壤中健康成活;各种浓度NaCl处理后获得的幼苗移栽后死亡率不超过20%.     

NaCl胁迫与种子大小及其互作对玉米种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫与种子大小对玉米种子发芽及幼苗早期生长的影响.结果表明:NaCl胁迫显著影响玉米种子的发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长及鲜重.当NaCl浓度≤50 mmol/L时发芽率的抑制程度不显著,而当NaCl浓度＞50 mmol/L时,盐分对发芽率的抑制作用就非常明显,NaCl浓度达到100 mmol/L时,发芽率降低幅度达60％左右.幼苗的根长和芽长在所有的NaCl浓度下都表现出显著的抑制,而幼苗的鲜重只是在NaCl浓度＞50 mmol/L时才表现出显著的抑制效果.种子大小的差异对玉米种子的发芽率、幼苗的根长及芽长没有显著的影响,但对幼苗的鲜重表现出显著的作用.NaCl胁迫和种子大小的互作在发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长及鲜重等4个指标中都没有达到显著水平.     

NaCl胁迫对白榆不同家系种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以白榆不同家系种子为材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法研究不同浓度(0,50,100,150,200,250 mmol/L和300 mmol/L) NaCl胁迫对白榆不同家系种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,随NaCl浓度增加,3个家系种子发芽势和发芽指数均呈逐渐下降的趋势;家系MZ 001发芽率呈先增加后降低的趋势,幼苗长度生长呈逐渐下降的趋势;家系MZ002和MZ 003发芽率呈逐渐下降的趋势,幼苗长度生长呈先增加后降低的趋势.根据幼苗长度相对生长量,计算出白榆不同家系的耐盐阚值在105.87～188.75 mmol/L之间,表明白榆幼苗具有一定的耐盐性,且不同家系间耐盐性遗传差异较大,说明白榆不同家系间具有较大的耐盐良种选育潜力.     

铅胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以中国春小麦为材料,研究了重金属Pb对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果发现,低浓度的Pb胁迫对小麦种子的萌发有促进作用,5 mg/L Pb对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数有促进作用;50 mg/L Pb对小麦种子的苗高、根长及5mm的胚芽鞘伸长表现出明显的增效效应.随着Pb处理浓度的升高,小麦种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、苗高、根长、平均鲜干重及胚芽鞘的伸长度逐渐降低,幼苗生长受到严重的抑制.Pb对小麦种子根的抑制作用大于对芽的抑制.     

Irrigation and Nutrient Effects on Growth and Water–Yield Relationship of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Central India

Increasing production of wheat from a limited water supply can result from efficient irrigation and nutrient management. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, to study the growth, yield, seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE), and the water–yield relationship of wheat in a soybean–wheat cropping system on vertisols. Three levels of irrigation, viz. I₀, no post‐sowing irrigation; I₁, two irrigations [crown root initiation (CRI) and flowering stage]; and I₂, three irrigations (CRI, maximum tillering and flowering stage) and three nutrient management treatments, viz. F₀, control (without fertilizer/manure); F₁, 100 % NPK (100–21.5–24.9 kg ha^?1); and F₂, 100 % NPK + farmyard manure (FYM‐10 t ha^?1) were tested in a split‐plot design with three replication. It has been established (through anova ) that the year effect was rather negligible and the interaction effects of irrigation and nutrient management on the growth parameters, ET, yield components, yield and WUE were significant. Plant height, progressive leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were higher in I₂F₂, and I₂F₁ and I₁F₂ were statistically at par. The seasonal ET increased significantly with the increase in water supply in every nutrient treatment and it was highest in I₂F₂ and lowest in I₀F₀. The highest grain yield was obtained in I₂F₂; and a similar yield was recorded in I₃F₁ and I₂F₂. This shows a strong interaction effect between irrigation and nutrients. Yield components, viz. number of ears m^?2, number of grains ear^?1 and 1000‐grain weight were significant. The higher number of ears m^?2 containing greater number of grains with relatively heavier weights appeared to have contributed to the higher yield in I₁F₂, I₂F₁ and I₂F₂. The highest WUE obtained in I₀F₂ did not correspond to the highest yield and maximum ET, but a WUE of 10.43 kg ha^?1 mm^?1 in the I₂F₂ combination corresponded with the highest yield and the seasonal ET requirement was 391.8, which was 137 % greater than the water use at maximum WUE. The ET–grain yield relationship was linear, with a lowest regression slope (i.e. marginal WUE) and elasticity of water production (E_wp) in F₀ and a considerably higher slope and E_wp in F₁ and F₂. As the E_wp is positive and close to one in 100 % NPK treatment, the scope of improving WUE and yield with only inorganic fertilizer is very little, and relatively greater scope exists in the integrated management of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer. The results suggest that integrated nutrient management (100 % NPK + FYM) in conjunction with three irrigations maximized yield of wheat with concomitant improvement in ET and WUE under limited water availability.     

不同燕麦品种田间倒伏性状研究

在青藏高原东缘四川红原高寒地区,分析了燕麦（Avena sativa L.）倒伏与品种、株高、单株干重、茎秆强度、茎粗、第一茎节间长、第一茎节间干重、穗位高及根系条数的关系。结果表明,所测定7个燕麦品种均在孕穗期出现部分倒伏,花期倒伏率最大;燕麦品种抗倒伏能力为林纳>青燕1号>青海444>青引1号>青引2号>青海甜燕麦>青引3号莜麦;其中单株重、第一茎节间干重是影响燕麦倒伏的主要因子（P<0.01）,株高和穗位高对燕麦倒伏影响次之（P<0.05）。研究认为在燕麦品种选育过程中,可以适当放宽对株高的限制,重点选育单株干重大、基部第一茎节间干重大的品种。     

NaCl胁迫对莴苣幼苗生长和光合性能的影响

研究不同浓度(50,100,150,200 mmol/L)NaCI胁迫对莴苣幼苗生长和叶片光合特性的影响,结果表明,在盐胁迫下,植株株高和根长生长都受到明显的抑制;叶片中叶绿素(Chl)含量随着处理浓度的增加和时间的延长呈现下降的趋势,但是50 mmoL/L NaCl处理中Chl含量却有所增加,盐胁迫对叶绿素a(Chla)的影响大于叶绿素b(Chlb).在盐胁迫下净光合速率(Pn)呈下降趋势,气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的变化趋势与Pn相一致;50 mmol/L NaCl处理中,随着处理时间的延长,G8和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈相同的变化趋势,此时Pn的下降主要是气孔限制,而在100～200mmol/L NaCI处理中,随着处理时间的延长,Gs和Ci呈相反的变化趋势,此时Pn的下降主要是非气孔限制.     

Evaluation of Major Dietary Ingredients in Diverse Oats (Avena sativa L.) Germplasm

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the world’s most important cereal crops, owing to its use as an important source of essential nutrients for both...     

Physiology of Drought Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Correlation between lysine, tryptophan and prolamine contents during maturation of the maize kernel
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year.     

低温积累与光周期对小麦发育特性调控的分子机理研究进展

温度和光照是影响小麦发育的主要因素,不但决定了小麦生态型的区域分布,也通过调控小麦的发育阶段、器官建成、穗分化起始及进程等因素而影响小麦的产量。本文介绍了低温春化和光周期对小麦发育特性影响的分子基础,对其调控机制及互作模式研究进展进行了综述。     

The Influence of Glyphosate on Germination Behaviour of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The germination behaviour of glyphosate-treated seeds of two wheat cultivars was investigated. Ten concentrations of the herbicide (480 g/L.) ranged from zero to 260 g. a.i./Fed. were applied to the dry seeds by soaking for two hours. Germination was then conducted in petri dishes on filter paper at average daily maximum and minimum temperatures of 19.65 and 6.15 °C in the laboratory. Seedling growth behaviour was recorded periodically at the 4th, 7th and 10th day of germination.
The results indicated that glyphosate treatment at different concentrations did not affect the germination percentage in both wheat cultivars. On the other hand, in comparison to the control, the herbicide treatment caused significant reduction in maximum seedling root and shoot lengths. The reduction increased proportionally by increasing the herbicide concentration. Treatments with high concentrations of the glyphosate caused significant reduction in total root number per seedling in cv. Sakha 8. At concentrations of 260, 130 and 65 g a.i./Fed. all seeds exhibited root aberration in both wheat cultivars.
Clear variation in cultivar susceptability to glyphosate treatment was observed, particularly at concentrations lower than 65 g a.i./Fed.
However, cv. Giza 155 seemed to possess better survival to glyphosate treatment than cv. Sakha 8 concerning root inhibition percentage and seedling part measurements. The results indicated the practical importance of the reactions of different genetic codes to the herbicide in the field including the crop and the weeds.     

氮素供应对小麦锌吸收、转运和向籽粒累积影响的研究进展

为进一步实现小麦籽粒锌(Zn)营养强化和氮肥(N)优化管理提供参考,归纳了氮素供应对小麦锌吸收、转运和向籽粒累积的影响。得出：（1）氮素供应是否通过增加锌吸收载体数量（如金属转运蛋白ZIPs家族中的类铁调控IRT-like蛋白）提高根系对锌的吸收;是否通过促进木质部中与锌螯合的含氮化合物如尼克酰胺(NA)和有机酸如柠檬酸的合成,或通过提高锌转运载体（如重金属腺苷三磷酸酶HMA和类黄色条纹YSL家族蛋白）的数量促进锌从根系向地上部的转运;是否通过提高NA或YSL的数量促进锌从营养器官向籽粒的再转移,均值得进一步研究。（2）应加强不同形态氮素（如硝态和铵态氮）和叶面喷施的研究,将¹⁵N和^67/68Zn同位素标记结合定量化深入研究氮素的影响。