北京京郊地区奶牛冬季饲养管理要点

2008年1月，由北京科委和北京农业职业学院对北京京郊九个区县联合开展奶牛冬季体检及安全越冬新技术推广服务，调动专家、骨干教师、学生98人，对北京京郊九个区县、51个奶牛合作社及个体养殖户奶牛进行了大范围的冬季体检。     

奶牛不孕症病因的剖析

近年来笔者走村入户推广奶牛科技饲养新技术,调查发现奶牛不孕症原因繁多,现分析如下。1管理及日粮配比方面1.1饲料不全价长期饲料单一(特别是冬季),管理粗放。牛舍卫生不好,冬冷夏热,潮湿、通风不好。一般以多种养分     

北京京郊地区奶牛冬季饲养管理要点

2008年1月份,由北京市科委和北京农业职业学院对北京京郊9个区县联合开展奶牛冬季体检及安全越冬新技术推广服务,调动专家、骨干教师、学生98人,对北京京郊9个区县、51 个奶牛合作社及个体养殖户奶牛进行了大范围的冬季体检.在调查的17万多头奶牛中,育成牛健康状况良好,成乳牛和犊牛问题较多.在12 726头被检成乳牛中,检测出奶牛乳房炎阳性2 107头,位于奶牛疾病之首;蹄病313头,占被检奶牛总数的2.5%;繁殖障碍147头,占被检奶牛总数的1.2%;骨质疏松89头,阳性率0.7%;酮病17例,占被检奶牛总数的1.3%.在1523头犊牛中,感染过犊牛冬痢的有168头,阳性率11%,其中死亡13头.这些疾病的发生导致奶牛产奶量下降,严重制约奶牛业的发展.对此,提出了冬季奶牛饲养中应注意的几个问题,供大家参考.     

牧区荷斯坦奶牛饲养管理新技术的应用及推广

新技术的应用及推广将推动以往较单一的畜牧业生产方式,用科学的饲养方法和疫病综合防治技术提高奶牛生产性能,利用牧区天然草地有利条件半牧半舍饲,提高抵抗力改善鲜奶质量。将牧区荷斯坦奶牛饲养管理新技术进一步应用和推广,使广大农牧民增产增收。     

郑州市今年将青贮120万吨玉米秸秆

目前．玉米秸杆的青贮技术已经成熟．由于青贮秸秆不但能有效改善奶牛冬季的食物来源，还能提高产牛奶的产量和质量。因此，各地对玉米秸秆的青贮非常重视。近日，郑州市畜牧局在巾牟县的黄河滩区绿色奶业示范带举行现场会，推广玉米秸杆青贮的新技术和新机具。[第一段]     

DHI技术推广工作探析

奶牛养殖业是一项技术密集型产业,以技术推动发展,数据产生价值。传统散养方式和传统管理手段难以提高奶牛生产效益,标准化规模养殖及奶牛养殖业新技术应用成为奶牛养殖的趋势和目标。DHI技术是开展奶牛后裔测定、提高育种水平、增加经济效益的有效途径。在对陕西省千阳县DHI技术在规模牛场推广工作现状进行调查分析的基础上,总结DHI测定推广过程中存在的问题和得到的启示。     

一种新型奶牛饮水器

本文针对我国北方冬季寒冷,奶牛饮水易结冰的现象,对比几种奶牛场专用饮水器的饮水效果,得出推广一种使用效果好、经济成本低的实用型奶牛饮水器的结论。     

冬季奶牛疾病防控技术

正冬季气温较低、奶牛运动量少,饲料单一,机体抵抗力降低,是奶牛疾病的高发季节。为了搞好冬季奶牛疾病的预防及保健,减少由于寒冷引发各种疾病给奶牛养殖场带来一定的经济损失,河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队奶牛疾病防控岗位对奶牛冬季常见疾病进行病因学调查,形成冬季奶牛疾病防控技术模式。奶牛疾病防控技术包含冬季免疫接种、日常卫生管理和消毒、奶牛场强制免疫口蹄疫免疫防控技术、奶牛结核病、布鲁氏菌病、副结核病与常见病防控技术、冬季螨病及其他寄生虫病防治     

促进奶牛高产的方法

促进奶牛高产的方法刘忠琛宋玉聚（山东省胶州市畜牧局２６６３００）（胶州市北关兽医站２６６３００）在奶牛生产中，充分运用饲养管理新技术，可以有效地降低饲养成本，增加鲜奶产量，提高经济效益。现介绍如下：１）夜间补料法冬季夜间１１点左右补给产奶牛１ｋｇ热的...     

促进奶牛高产的20项最新技术

促进奶牛高产的２０项最新技术刘忠琛山东省胶州市畜牧局２６６３００宋玉聚山东省胶州市北关兽医站在奶牛生产中，充分运用饲养管理新技术，可以有效地降低饲养成本，增加鲜奶产量，提高经济效益。现介绍如下：１．夜间补料法：冬季夜间１１点左右，补给产奶牛１公斤热熟...     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

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Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

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Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.