Characterization of infectious bronchitis virus using monoclonal antibodies

Three monoclonal antibodies (MABs) reactive against two structural proteins--the nucleoprotein (NP) or the surface (S) protein--of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were produced and characterized. The MABs did not neutralize virus infectivity or inhibit hemagglutination. Their reactivity patterns with the homologous strain and eight heterologous strains of IBV were determined using the indirect immunoperoxidase test, the indirect immunofluorescent test, transfer-immunoblotting of separated proteins, and a dot-immunoblotting assay (DIA). Two MABs, NP- or S-protein-specific, reacted with all nine strains; one (NP-specific) reacted with only two strains. The two MABs reacting with all nine strains of IBV also detected 18 IBV field isolates of unknown serotype in the DIA. The MAB detecting only two strains did not react in the DIA. The diagnostic application of these MABs appears promising.     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)主要免疫原S1蛋白的重组腺病毒,本研究以复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒为载体,以IBVCK/CH/LHLJ/04V株S1基因为外源插入靶基因,通过细菌内同源重组法构建了一株稳定表达IBVS1蛋白(90ku)的重组腺病毒,命名为rAdV-S1。通过PCR鉴定、间接免疫荧光及western blot检测证实S1蛋白在重组腺病毒中获得表达。对构建的重组腺病毒和亲本腺病毒的生长动力学分析表明,该重组病毒的毒价为108.25TCID50/mL,并且两者在生长动力学方面无显著差异。本研究为动物试验和该重组腺病毒免疫特性的研究奠定基础。     

Identification of a mimotope of an infectious bronchitis virus S1 protein

The S1 protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major structural protein that induces the production of the virus-neutralization antibodies. The monoclonal antibody against the IBV M41 S1 protein was used as a target for biopanning. After three rounds of biopanning, randomly selected phages bound to the monoclonal antibody. Sequence analysis showed that the dominant sequence was SFYDFEMQGFFI. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that SFYDFEMQGFFI is a mimotope of the S1 protein that was predicted by PepSurf. The mimotope may provide information for further structural and functional analyses of the S1 protein.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒重组gD蛋白间接ELISA方法的建立及应用

用大肠杆菌表达的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）重组gD蛋白纯化后作为包被抗原,建立了检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法。交叉反应试验表明,该重组抗原与其它常见的5种牛病阳性血清不发生交叉反应;阻断反应试验表明,IBRV病毒悬液能在很大程度上阻断重组抗原与阳性血清的反应,而对阴性血清没有明显影响。在重复性试验中,批内重复的变异系数小于5%,批间重复的变异系数小于15%。与中和试验相比较,符合率、敏感性和特异性分别为84.1%、85.0%和83.4%。应用该诊断方法和本实验室已建立的以IBRV全病毒作为包被抗原的ELISA诊断方法,同时检测了采集于国内11个省份的2012份血清样本,IBRVgD-ELISA检测的平均阳性率为46.0%（926/2012）,而且相对于IBRV全病毒ELISA诊断方法的符合率、敏感性和特异性分别为91.9%、94.2%和90.2%。本研究所建立的IBRVgD-ELISA具有良好的敏感性和特异性,为国内IBR流行病学调查提供了一种快速、简便的血清学诊断方法。     

Screening for antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus: specificity of the haemagglutination inhibition test

A screening of antibodies against strain M-41 and the Dutch variant strains D-274 and D-1466 of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using the haemagglutination inhibition test (HI) was carried out in Chile. The presence of these variant strains has not been reported yet and therefore the probability of finding positive flocks is low. On this basis some statistical analysis were made with those data obtained in order to contribute to the problem of the specificity of the HI test for IBV diagnosis. All sera were distributed in different categories of possible results against each strain according with the HI titre obtained and employing different discrimination levels for a positive or negative status against IBV. It was concluded that discrimination levels varying from 4.0 to 5.0 log2 are useful for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies against IBV but if a serotype specific diagnosis is needed, then the discrimination level should be elevated, specially when secondary immune responses are measured.     

Optimization of parameters for detecting antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: temporal response to vaccination and challenge with live virus

Critical parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were evaluated and optimized. The use of purified IBV as antigen at 50 ng protein/well and high-ionic-strength serum dilution buffer has resulted in a test with minimal nonspecific binding of chicken immunoglobulins and very high sensitivity. Optimum conditions for serum dilution, conjugate dilution, and substrate incubation were determined for minimizing background and nonspecific reactions. The use of this test in a controlled challenge study with chickens vaccinated with live IBV demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring circulating antibody levels to infectious bronchitis. The IBV ELISA, which is rapid, inexpensive, highly sensitive, and capable of handling very large numbers of samples, should provide the poultry industry with a reliable means for IBV flock monitoring.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1蛋白截短表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用

参照IBV S1基因序列,RT-PCR扩增长约867bp的S1基因主要抗原区域,将目的片段定向克隆到pET30α原核表达载体,转化Rossetta表达菌,经IPTG诱导后获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组S1蛋白。重组蛋白纯化后,经免疫印迹检测证明具有良好的免疫活性。以该蛋白作为包被抗原,经间接ELISA反应条件的优化,建立了检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。该方法与其他6种常见禽病病毒(H5亚型禽流感病毒(H5-AIV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9-AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)、减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、鸡法氏囊病毒(IBDV))阳性血清不发生交叉反应;批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数分别小于5%和10%;相对于HI试验的符合率、敏感性、特异性分别为91.58%、91.24%和92.31%;相对于IDEXX ELISA的符合率、敏感性、特异性分别为94.55%、95.42%和92.96%;应用该方法检测山东及周边地区2 685份免疫鸡和168份未免疫鸡血清样品,免疫合格率和阳性感染率分别为85.25%和17.26%。本试验截短表达的S1蛋白具有良好的免疫活性,建立的间接ELISA抗体检测方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性、重复性和临床适用性,将为IBV的免疫抗体监测、临床野毒感染快速诊断和流行病学调查提供了一种新的血清学诊断技术,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Detection of antibodies against serotypes 1 and 2 infectious bursal disease virus by commercial ELISA kits

Two distinct serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are recognized in chicken and turkey flocks in the United States. Serologic testing of chicken flocks for serotype 1 viruses is routinely performed to monitor disease status and vaccination. Earlier studies indicated that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test detects antibodies to both serotypes of the virus, while the virus neutralization (VN) test is serotype specific. It is useful to evaluate currently available commercial ELISA kits for their ability to differentiate between antibodies elicited by the two serotypes. Three trials were performed in which chickens were orally inoculated with either a high or a low dose of serotype 1 STC or serotype 2 OH strains of IBDV. Sera collected at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days from these chickens and antisera procured from naturally infected broiler (n=20) and layer (n=30) flocks were tested with five different commercial ELISA kits and by VN. All ELISA kits detected different levels of antibodies elicited against serotype 1 of the virus and moderate and high levels of antibodies against serotype 2 virus. A correlation existed between the ELISA and the VN titers of experimentally infected chickens. All serum samples tested from the commercial layer flocks and 65% of the broiler flocks had antibodies against the OH strain. However, no correlation between the VN titers and ELISA titers was observed for the commercial broilers and layers sera by the majority of the kits. The results indicated that currently available commercial ELISA kits detect antibodies elicited by the two serotypes of IBDV. Hence, the prevalence of serotype 2 antibodies in the flocks should be considered while determining antibody profiles of the flocks against serotype 1 viruses.     

表达传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组鸡痘病毒的构建

将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因插入到鸡痘病毒转移载体pSY681中，获得重组转移载体pSY681。将pSY681-IBVS1转染已感染亲本鸡痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞，使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与鸡痘病毒基因组发生同源重组，产生表达鸡IBVS1蛋白的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-IBVS1。在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选且进一步纯化14代。S1基因的PCR检测表明，获得的含传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因的重组鸡痘病毒能够稳定遗传，间接免疫荧光和Western blot等试验证实该重组病毒在CEF内真实地表达了分子量约为90Ku的具有免疫学活性的IBV S1糖蛋白。     

传染性支气管炎病毒纤突蛋白S1基因的T/A载体克隆策略

参考Genbank收录的IBV纤突蛋白 (S1)基因序列 ,自行设计合成一对引物 ,对传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)江苏省地方分离毒株 (JS/95/0 3)RNA进行RT PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,呈现一条 1716bp的条带 ,将其克隆入T/A质粒pMD18 T载体中 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 9,挑选阳性克隆 ,用质粒少量提取法提取重组质粒 ,用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切对重组克隆质粒进行鉴定 ,然后进行序列测定 ,证实为S1基因。将此重组质粒命名为pMDJS950 3S。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

以牛肾细胞系（MDBK）培养牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）Bartha Nu/67株,经超速离心纯化病毒,再经超声破碎处理后作为诊断抗原,建立了检测牛血清IBRV抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验.该ELISA的判定标准为：血清D490 nm值大于0.369的判为阳性,小于0.295的判为阴性,在0.295与0.369之间的为可疑.特异性和重复性试验结果表明,该方法特异性高、重复性好.与法国进口ELISA抗体诊断试剂盒比较,其符合率为96.3%;与中和试验比较,符合率为95.8%,且敏感性更高.应用该诊断方法调查了我国部分地区IBRV的感染情况,结果显示,这些地区的IBRV感染率为67.1%.     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒分离株S1基因的序列分析

对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)肾型毒株BJQ、BJS、BJY、SDW和HBN的S1全基因进行了扩增、克隆和序列测定,并将所分离毒株的S1基因序列与5个参考毒株进行了比较.结果表明,IBV分离株S1基因间核苷酸同源性在76.7%～92.1%之间,氨基酸同源性在73.9%～89.5%之间.氨基酸序列特征分析表明,S1基因多处存在突变、缺失和插入现象,其中在氨基酸69～81和142～150位点区出现较高的变异.系统进化树分析表明,除SDW株与Gray属于相同的进化分支外,其他国内肾型分离株属于同一个进化分支,而韩国、日本等亚洲分离株和美洲分离株分别属于其他不同的进化分支,说明IBV病毒的发生和流行与地域及所致病型有一定的相关性.     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据GenBank已公布的传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)株S1基因序列及pPIC9K表达载体序列,设计1对IBV S1基因表达片段的PCR引物,用RT-PCR方法扩增出长度为1 566 bp IBV S1基因表达片段,5′端不含信号肽序列,3′端添加了终止密码子。用限制性内切酶SnaB和Not将S1基因和载体pPIC9K酶切回收后连接,构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-S1。用限制性内切酶Bgl将表达质粒pPIC9K-S1线性化,然后用电转化的方法导入毕赤酵母GS115,在MD平板上生长的转化子经过PCR鉴定和表型筛选后,获得了整合型阳性重组菌株GS115/pPIC9K-S1 His Muts。将重组菌株在1%甲醇中进行诱导分泌表达,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析。结果显示,IBV S1基因在毕赤酵母中成功获得了表达,表达蛋白的分子量约为76 000,能与IBV阳性血清特异性结合,表达的蛋白占上清中总蛋白量的12.5%。     

传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株结构蛋白基因部分片段的表达

根据已报道的传染性支气管炎病毒S基因序列设计了1对引物，利用从传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株中提取的RNA，经PCR扩增获得了300bp的产物；序列测定与分析表明，所扩增产物是传染性支气管炎病毒结构蛋白基因的部分片段。将扩增片段插入pET32a构建表达载体，并于大肠埃希氏菌BL21中进行表达；结果表明，该片段在大肠埃希氏菌中成功表达，产物为30ku、以可溶性形式存在的蛋白。Western—blotting分析表明，该蛋白可与传染性支气管炎病毒TY1株阳性血清发生反应。     

猪流感抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

猪流感病毒A／Swine／Fujian／668／2001（H3N2）株感染的鸡胚尿囊液，经差速离心后，再经蔗糖密度梯度离心，提纯、纯化的猪流感病毒经NP-40处理并反复冻融，作为猪流感间接ELISA抗原，确立了间接ELISA检测方法。对29份HI试验猪流感为阴性的血清进行了检测，经统计学分析，确定间接ELISA判定标准，被检血清OD490nm值≥0．20判定为阳性。该方法对猪瘟等11种猪疫病阳性血清无交叉反应，批内和批间重复试验的吸收变异系数分别在3．34％～8．12％和6．2％～9．04％之间。与HI的符合率达到92．8％，经卡方检验（P〈0．01）比HI试验敏感。为猪流感抗体检测提供了快速、准确、简便的方法。     

Comparison of a microneutralisation test with ELISA and precipitin tests for detection of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens

A microneutralisation test for infectious bronchitis virus using virus antigens available in Australia, cell culture medium containing low concentrations of serum and an elevated incubation temperature is described. The technique was economical on reagents and of comparable sensitivity to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The value of the microneutralisation, ELISA and precipitin tests in assessing the serological response of a flock of commercial chickens to vaccine and natural virus challenge was determined.