感染北京地区大葱的胡葱黄条病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆及分析

以感染胡葱黄条病毒（Shallot yellow stripe virus,SYSV）的大葱为材料,通过反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）获得包含SYSV-CP全部编码序列、NIb蛋白基因5′端的部分序列和3′UTR的2个基因片段,分别命名为SYSV-CP1和SYSV-CP2,它们的编码区碱基数均为774 bp,均编码258个氨基酸|在该编码区内存在2个碱基的差异,编码的蛋白存在1个氨基酸的差异。系统进化树分析表明：SYSV分离物可以区分为两个主要群体,SYSV-CP1和SYSV-CP2位于第Ⅱ组内,它们与来自浙江的SYSV的分离物亲缘关系最近,表现出一定的地理分布相关性。     

萝卜RsCYP86MF 基因cDNA全序列克隆及结构特征分析

 本研究通过设计保守的基因特异引物, 运用SMART RACE RT - PCR技术从‘圆白’萝卜中获得一个细胞色素P450基因, 命名为RsCYP86M F, 其cDNA全长1818 bp, 含有1581 bp的完整开放阅读框, 编码526个氨基酸, 该基因编码的蛋白序列与白菜的细胞色素P450基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性高达90% , 且有很高的功能区段保守性; 对其可能编码的蛋白质二级结构进行预测发现, 该蛋白质具有细胞色素P450典型的保守结构域FNAGPRLCIG, 及N - 糖基化位点等结构域。     

Expression of GST fusion proteins of human cytochrome P2B6 and preparation of anti-cytochrome P2B6 polyclonal antibody

AIM: To get large amounts of pure antigens to raise specific antibodies and to perform quantifications.METHODS: CYP2B6 (cytochrome P) cDNA fragments was ligated into BamHI restricted PGEX-3b to generate recombinants PGEX/2B6. We identified recombinants PGEX/2B6 by EcoRI digestion. The expression of fusion proteins were induced by adding isopropyl-thiogalactoside(IPTG). Several clones showed high-level expression of fusion proteins. Insoluble proteins was isolated from the bacteria and the fusion proteins was recovered and purified from a preparative (2mm) SDS-PAGE. The polyarcrylamide gel containing the fusion proteins glutathione S-transferase(GST-2B6) were used to immunize BALB/C mice from which polyclonal ascites fluid was prepared. The purified fusion proteins GST-1A1(GST fusion protein of CYP1A1 cDNA246~386aa expressed in this library, purified by preparative SDS-PAGE), GST-2B6 were used to test the specificity of 2B6pAb. RESULTS:Fusion proteins constructed between GST and CYP2B6 was expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. Mouse antibodies are raised against the fusion proteins GST-2B6. 2B6pAb was fond to be specific antibody.CONCLUSION:Recombinant PGEX/2B6 were constructed and purified fusion proteins GST-2B6, and specific 2B6pAb were obtained.     

β - 氨基丁酸诱导辣椒细胞色素P450基因的克隆及其序列分析

 用RT2PCR和RACE方法, 从β - 氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid, BABA) 诱导辣椒叶片的基因表达体系中克隆出CYP92A的全长cDNA序列。在BABA处理后, CYP92A 基因以一种快速而短暂的方式作出应答。生物信息学分析表明, 该基因编码一条509个氨基酸残基的多肽, 含有一段细胞色素P450保守的血红素结合区域, 由此CYP92A被确定是细胞色素P450。通过系统进化分析, CYP92A 属于多基因家族P450的92A亚家族。结合已报道92A亚家族成员的研究, 推测CYP92A参与植物的防御反应。通过生物信息学分析蛋白结构, 对CYP92A催化反应特性进行了讨论。为进一步探讨BABA的诱导机理奠定了基础。     

大白菜橘红心类胡萝卜素组分及其基因分析

利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,根据二极管阵列检测器和标准品的检测结果对橘红心和白心大白菜内叶类胡萝卜素组分进行鉴定;以橘红心大白菜自交系‘A21530’和白心大白菜自交系‘A21445’为亲本构建了一个269 单株的F2 分离群体,进行橘红心基因精细定位;根据大白菜基因组注释信息,筛选橘红心候选基因并克隆测序分析;基因内部开发标记,在F2 群体进行候选基因验证。研究结果表明,橘红色是由于前番茄红素（7, 9, 7′, 9′–四顺式–番茄红素）、9–顺式–β–胡萝卜素、前链孢红素（7, 9, 9′–三顺式–链孢红素）和其他胡萝卜素组分积累造成的。通过精细定位将橘红心基因定位于A09 号染色体末端,其两侧紧密连锁的标记是SB13037 和SB13049,这两个标记各有一个重组单株,与橘红色基因分别相距0.3 和1.1 cM,物理距离为98.904 kb。根据大白菜基因组注释信息,分析定位区域的23 个基因,筛选出1 个编码类胡萝卜素异构酶的基因CRTISO,基因编号Bra031539。测序结果表明,Bra031539 的编码区有53 个SNP 和6 个碱基缺失,造成12 个氨基酸突变和2 个谷氨酸的缺失。根据缺失突变位点设计标记,在F2 群体中进行验证,结果表明候选基因与橘红心性状共分离。     

Association of F XⅢVal34Leu with coronary heart disease

AIM: To investigate the distribution of coagulation factor XⅢ (FXⅢ) Val34Leu polymorphism in Chinese and the relationship between the polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) or myocardial infarction. METHODS: A total of 195 patients with angiographically confirmed CHD and 203 controls were genotyped for the Val34Leu polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. RESULTS: The FXⅢ Val34Leu was found in 19 out of all 398 samples (4.8%) representing a Leu allele frequency of 2.4%. The distribution of FXⅢ genotype and allele was not significantly different between all patients and controls (P>0.05). The Val/Leu genotype and Leu allele frequencies in subjects without MI were significantly higher than that in subjects with MI (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is F XⅢ Val34Leu polymorphism in Han ethnic group.     

羽衣甘蓝中一个突变型肉桂酸- 4 - 羟化酶基因的克隆及分析

 以羽衣甘蓝为材料, 克隆了全长2 431 bp的肉桂酸- 4 - 羟化酶基因BoC4H。它有两个内含子, mRNA为1 715 bp, 编码一个481个氨基酸的推导蛋白, 与其它植物C4H有广泛同源性。它含有细胞色素P450保守域和特征基序, 如血红素结合域、E - R - R三联体、含T的结合槽基序、酶正确定向必需的铰链基序。BoC4H具有C4H /CYP73A5的大部分特征性底物结合位点基序( SRSs) 和酶活性位点残基,但与拟南芥等植物C4H相比其编码区3′发生了C₂₂₄₂单碱基缺失和相应移码, 导致其蛋白C - 末端缺失/变异了36个残基, SRS6基序和其上的活性位点残基也相应缺失, 因此BoC4H可能无功能或活性低。BoC4H为膜蛋白, 可能定位于内质网, 其二级结构主要为α - 螺旋和随机卷曲。Swiss-Model不能预测出其三级结构。甘蓝中存在一个至少由5个成员构成的C4H基因家族。     

砂梨扩展蛋白基因cDNA克隆及全序列分析

设计植物EXP扩展蛋白简并引物,以砂梨果实cDNA为模板,克隆得到EXP基因cDNA片段,该片段长465 bp。根据该片段序列,分别设计2条5’和3’末端扩增的特异引物,利用RACE技术,获得了该片段的5’端和3’端序列。用DNAMAN5.22软件对3个序列进行拼接和分析,获得了该基因的cDNA全长,命名为Pyp-EXP。该cDNA全长为1 395 bp,5’端起始密码子ATG始于72 bp,3’端终止子TAG止于830 bp,Ploy+(A)从1 363～1 395 bp。该基因已在GenBank基因数据库注册,注册号为EF602031。Pyp-EXP核苷酸序列有一个759 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码区与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃的同源性分别为96%,96%,94%和86%;该cDNA推导编码252个氨基酸,含有1个组氨酸(His_Phe_Asp,HFD)功能域,与西洋梨、苹果、湖北海棠、桃中相应序列同源性分别为98%,97%,95%和93%。该基因的克隆为研究扩展蛋白的时空表达及其在果实发育和成熟过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

苹果铁结合蛋白基因的克隆及表达特性

 根据已报道的植物铁结合蛋白基因( ferritin) 的保守区域设计引物, 用RT2PCR 的方法从‘嘎拉’苹果叶片中获得铁结合蛋白基因的全长序列。该基因cDNA共有1 043个碱基, 其中编码区834bp, 编码277个氨基酸残基的蛋白质, 终止密码子后有209 bp左右的3’端尾随序列区。Southern杂交结果显示ferritin基因在‘嘎拉’苹果基因组中至少有7个拷贝存在。0.5 mmol·L ^{- 1}的柠檬酸铁处理‘嘎拉’苹果试管苗不同时间后的定量RT-PCR分析表明, ‘嘎拉’苹果的铁结合蛋白基因随着诱导时间的延长表达量增加, 说明该基因可能在转录水平上受铁诱导表达。     

利用c DNA-AFLP 技术研究苹果柱型与非柱型c DNA的差异表达

 以苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh. ) 柱型品种舞姿、非柱型品种富士及其杂交F₁群体中柱型、非柱型单株为研究试材, 应用cDNA-AFLP ( cDNA-amp lified fragment length polymorphism) 技术, 研究柱型与非柱型苹果cDNA的差异表达, 探讨了苹果柱型基因Co表达的分子机制。通过64对引物组合的cDNA-AFLP分析获得了1 630条在柱型与非柱型苹果中差异表达的片段。经过BSA ( bulked segregant analysis) 分析和反向Northern杂交鉴定, 获得了11个差异表达的cDNA片段, 并进行了克隆、测序和序列同源性检索分析。有5个片段在GenBank数据库中发现同源序列, 其余的6个功能未知。核酸和氨基酸比对分析中同源性最高的是片段A7和A16。A7的核苷酸序列同源于红叶石楠Photinia fraseri 26S核糖体RNA (97% ) 、蛋白同源于玉米的细胞色素P450单加氧酶(91% ) , A16的核苷酸(85% ) 及蛋白(93% ) 同源于直果草属Triphysaria versicolor的α-expansin 2基因。对A7、A16两个候选基因片段再进行正向Northern杂交验证,在富士中表达最强, 在非柱型后代、柱型后代及舞姿中表达依次减弱。由此推断, 由细胞色素P450单加氧酶基因所调控的赤霉素GAS变化影响了苹果柱型性状的表达。     

菠萝AcSERK1 启动子的转录起始位点及胚性细#br# 胞特异性鉴定

 AcSERK1 是菠萝（Ananas comosus）体细胞胚发生初期特异表达的基因,为探讨其转录调控 规律,对其5′上游调控序列的转录起始位点及启动特性进行了鉴定。采用hiTAIL-PCR 技术从菠萝基因组 DNA 中克隆了AcSERK1 完整的5′上游调控序列,利用5′RACE 技术鉴定出其转录起始位点位于起始密码 子（ATG）上游258 nt（G）处。以AcSERK1 5′上游完整调控序列取代pBI121 中的CaMV 35S 启动子,构 建植物表达载体AcSERK1（–2 090/+258）︰︰GUS,并在菠萝不同组织器官中进行瞬时转化分析,发现AcSERK1 5′上游完整的调控序列（–2 090/+258）能够启动GUS 在胚性细胞中特异性表达,与AcSERK1 表达规律相 同,说明该启动子为胚性细胞特异性启动子,对调控外源基因在体细胞胚早期特异表达有重要意义。     

杧果低分子量热激蛋白基因MiHSP17.6的克隆及表达分析

采用RT-PCR与RACE相结合的方法获得了杧果低分子量热激蛋白基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为MiHSP17.6,GenBank登录号为KJ459857。序列分析显示,该基因序列全长为680 bp,其中开放阅读框为462 bp,编码154个氨基酸,5′非编码区和3′非编码区长度分别为80 bp和135 bp。杧果MiHSP17.6与其他物种的低分子量热激蛋白同源性介于74% ~ 82%。实时荧光定量分析表明,MiHSP17.6在‘四季杧’不同组织器官中均表达,在果实发育的中期表达水平持续上升。高温（44 ℃）、低温（4 ℃）、盐（NaCl）、聚乙二醇（PEG）、脱落酸（ABA）、双氧水（H2O2）和水杨酸（SA）处理均诱导该基因表达,因此推测MiHSP17.6的功能可能与杧果果实发育和抵御逆境胁迫相关。     

侵染广东辣椒的辣椒脉斑驳病毒的分子特征

辣椒脉斑驳病毒（Chilli veinal mottle virus,ChiVMV）是引起广东辣椒病毒病的主要病原之一,为了明确侵染为害广东辣椒的ChiVMV分子特征,采用分段RT-PCR和RACE扩增方法克隆了ChiVMV广东分离物（ChiVMV-GD）的基因组全序列,结果表明,除poly（A）尾外,ChiVMV-GD基因组大小为9 721 nt,编码一个大小350.44 kD多聚蛋白（位于167 ~ 9 436 nt）,5′–非编码区（5′-UTR）和3′–非编码区（3′-UTR）分别含有166和285 nt,5′–末端结合病毒基因组连接蛋白（VPg）,3′–末端含有poly（A）尾。序列同源性分析结果表明：ChiVMV-GD与ChiVMV其他分离物的基因组序列同源率为79.1% ~ 96.9%,其中与来自中国海南分离物（登录号：GQ981316.1）的同源率最高（96.9%）。系统进化分析结果显示,ChiVMV-GD与海南分离物聚集在一个小分支,说明与海南分离物亲缘关系最近。     

莲藕GBSS基因cDNA全长的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术,扩增得到全长为2265bp的莲藕＂美人红＂品种的GBSS基因的cDNA序列（GenBank登录号EU938541）,其中开放阅读框（ORF）长为1848bp,共编码615个氨基酸。用DNAman软件比对,莲藕GBSS基因cDNA与金鱼草（AJ006293）、马铃薯（EU403426）、大豆（EF153101）、水稻（EU735072）Wx基因cDNA序列的同源性分别达61.2%、59.6%、64.2%、50.6%。对该基因编码的氨基酸序列进行Blastp分析发现,该序列与金鱼草的序列同源性最高,达到77%,与马铃薯、甘薯的同源性达到75%,与豆科植物的同源性在70%～75%,与禾本科植物的同源性在65%～70%。     

Effects of atorvastatin on expression of cytochrome P450 hydroaylase in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on blood pressure and expression of cytochrome P450 hydroaylase (CYP) 4A1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: SHRs (n=18) were randomly divided into three groups: SHR control group, 50 mg atorvastatin (HATV) group and 10 mg (LATV) group. Six male Wistar-Kyoto rats were selected as normal control group (WKY group). All rats were given vehicle once a day by gavage for 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before and after treatment every 2 weeks. The expressions of CYP 4A1 mRNA and protein in heart, liver, kidney, and aorta were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Plasma lipids were also measured.RESULTS: SBP in all SHR groups was much higher than that in WKY group before experiment (P<0.01). Compared with SHR control group, SBP significantly decreased in HATV group at 6, 8, 10 weeks and in LATV group merely at 10 weeks (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The expressions of CYP 4A1 mRNA and protein in heart, liver, kidney and aorta tissues of SHR control group were significantly higher than those in WKY group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). After 10 weeks, the levels of CYP 4A1 mRNA, protein and plasma lipids in HATV and LATV groups were markedly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin down-regulates the expressions of CYP 4A1 mRNA and protein in SHR, which may be the mechanism of the favorable effects of statins on regulation of hypertension.     

红肉脐橙番茄红素β-环化酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的功能表达

以'红肉脐橙'（Citrus sinensis Osbeck 'Cara Cara'）果实中分离的mRNA为模板,经RT-PCR扩增到约1.6 kb的番茄红素 β-环化酶（lycopene β-cyclase,Lcyb）cDNA片段。序列分析表明,该cDNA长1654 bp,包含两个转录本Lcyb1和Lcyb2,最大开放读码框均为1512 bp,可编码504个氨基酸。通过PCR方法获得红肉脐橙Lcyb1和Lcyb2 cDNA编码区全长,构建了Lcyb1和Lcyb2的原核表达载体pET-CitLcyb1和pET-CitLcyb2,并通过颜色互补试验证实表达的融合蛋白6×His-Lcyb1和6×His-Lcyb2均可将番茄红素转化为β-胡萝卜素。     

黄瓜贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因CKO 的克隆及其表达分析

 以‘戴多星’黄瓜为试材,应用同源克隆和RACE技术从茎尖中得到赤霉素合成的关键酶--贝壳杉烯氧化酶（KO）基因cDNA全长序列,命名为CKO,GenBank登录号为JN792591,其长度为1 895 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）编码519个氨基酸,相对分子量为59.211 kD,等电点（PI）8.45。氨基酸同源性分析发现,CKO与苦瓜的KO同源性最高,达84%;序列结构分析表明,CKO属于细胞色素超家族P450系,具有细胞色素P450的血红素结构域FXXGXRXCXG和跨膜结构域。实时荧光定量分析表明,CKO在遮荫的徒长苗中表达量最高,是正常苗的5.18倍,在遮阴条件下喷施多效唑可降低期表达。     

Effects of CYP2J3/EETs on myocardial apoptosis under the condition of hypoxic postconditioning

AIM: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of endogenous cytochrome P450 2J3/epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (CYP2J3/EETs) system on myocardial apoptosis under the condition of hypoxic postconditioning (HPost).METHODS: Primary myocardial cells from neonatal Wistar rats (12 h-24 h) were cultured and divided into 7 groups as follows: control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) group, HPost group, CYP2J3 transfection group, empty vector group, 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (PPOH, an inhibitor of CYP2J3) group and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, as solvent) group. The H/R treatment was conducted in all the groups except control group. The cell viability was tested by MTT method. The concentration of 11,12-EET in the cell culture medium was measured by high-perfor-mance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting and its activity was determined by caspase-3 activity assay kit.RESULTS: Compared with H/R group, the cell viability and the 11,12-EET concentration were significantly elevated in HPost group (P<0.01). The two indexes in CYP2J3 transfection group were higher than those in HPost group (P<0.01), but they were lowered in PPOH group than those in HPost group (P<0.01). The comparisons of the expression and activity of caspase-3 among groups were as follows: H/R group > HPost group (P<0.01), PPOH group > HPost group (P<0.01) and empty vector group > CYP2J3 transfection group (P<0.05). Additionally, the caspase-3 expression in CYP2J3 transfection group was lower than that in HPost group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The CYP2J3/EETs system protects myocardial cells through inhibiting caspase-3-induced apoptosis.     

Arachidonic acid cytochrome P450 epoxygenases protect vessel endothelial cells against apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α

AIM: To investigate whether endogenous endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EHDFs) produced by CYP epoxygenases BM₃·F87V,2C11OR or CYP2J2 transfection was able to protect endothelial cells against apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha.METHODS: Three or four passages of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were transfected with epoxygenases or the empty vector (pCB₆).Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis of transfected endothelial cells was evaluated by DNA ladder assay,flow cytometry and morphological observations under fluorescence microscopy.RESULTS: Overexpression of CYP epoxygenases BM₃·F87V,2C11OR,CYP2J2 increased cell viability respectively observed by MTT assay.The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was decreased in 2C11OR-, BM₃F87V- or 2J2-transfected cells compared to the vector as evaluated by DNA fragment assay,flow cytometry analysis and morphological observations under fluorescence microscopy.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of CYP epoxygenases BM₃·F87V,2C11OR or 2J2 increases cell viability and protects endothelial cells against TNF-α-induced apoptosis.These findings suggest new targets to investigate the endothelium-associated disorders and provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat them by modulating cytochrome P450 epoxygenases.