Cu2+, Zn2+和Mn2+对冷胁迫下嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片提取液SOD活性的影响

以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究叶片Mn、Cu、Zn和Fe含量及低温胁迫下SOD活性的差异,结果表明:嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量均显著高于自根黄瓜,而Fe的含量则显著低于自根黄瓜;低温胁迫第3天,嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性均显著高于自根黄瓜,Fe-SOD则显著低于自根黄瓜。为探索嫁接黄瓜叶片高含量Mn、Cu、Zn与SOD活性之间的关系,向低温胁迫第3天的自根黄瓜叶片SOD提取液中加入Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 ,使之与嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD提取液对应组合的Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 浓度相等,研究此时的SOD及其同工酶活性的变化,结果发现:Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 加入自根黄瓜叶片提取液后均能显著增强SOD活性,其增强作用的大小依次为Mn2 Zn2 ,Mn2 Cu2 ,Mn2 ,Cu2 ,Cu2 Zn2 Mn2 ,Cu2 Zn2 和Zn2 。3种离子的加入都不影响Fe-SOD的活性。这一结果说明黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量是影响SOD活性大小的重要因素,嫁接黄瓜吸收Mn、Cu和Zn的能力较强是其SOD活性显著高于自根黄瓜的重要原因之一。     

原子吸收光谱法测定紫苏属植物叶中的无机元素

采用原子吸收光谱法对紫苏属叶中Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cr,Cu,Cd,Pd,Ca无机元素含量进行了测定。试验结果表明,该属植物叶中均含有丰富的Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cu,Ca元素,但均未检测到Cd,Cr,Pd。除Mg,Mn含量与一般植物相当外,其他各元素的含量均高于常见植物,尤以Ca含量相对较高;该属植物叶中无机元素含量的差异与其具体的原(变)种没有显著关系。     

Protective effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba on diaphragm of diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) on diaphragm from diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dauley rats were divided into three groups: normal control, diabetic group and EGb treatment group. The morphologic changes of diaphragm tissues were studied by light and electron microscopy, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO₂^-/NO₃-) in the diaphragm mitochondria were assayed by spectophotometer, respectively. RESULTS: The activities of SOD, SDH decreased in diabetic diaphragm mitochondria, but the activitiy of NOS, the contents of NO₂^-/NO₃^-, MDA increased compared with control group. The activities of SOD, SDH were increased as well as NOS were decreased and the contents of NO₂^-/NO₃^-, MDA decreased in EGb treatment group compared with the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: EGb may protects the diaphragm mitochondria of diabetic rats by enhancing the function of respiratory chain, anti-oxidation and decreasing NO level.     

Study on the role of oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the changes of oxidative stress in the kidneys and their roles in nephropathy in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). 36 rats were divided into three groups randomly: (1) NC group, normal control rats; (2) DM group, diabetic rats received protamine zinc insulin (PZI) 2U-4U/2 d; (3) DT group, diabetic rats received PZI 9-12 U/kg body weigh/day. 12 weeks later, rats were killed, blood glucose, blood cholesterol, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, HbA1c, urinary creatinine, and urinary protein for 24 h were measured. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in renal cortex, including total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured by chromatometry. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of different antioxidant enzymes mRNA. RESULTS: For all the targets we measured, there was no significant difference between NC and DT groups. Compared with the other two groups, the levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, trigalloyl glycerol, HbA1c in DM group increased significantly. The activities of TSOD, Cu-Zn SOD and CAT decreased significantly. The activity of GSH-Px increased significantly. There was no significant difference among the activities of Mn SOD in all three groups. The level of MDA in DM group was much higher than that in NC or DT group. The relative expression levels of GSH-Px and Cu-Zn SOD mRNA in DM group were higher than those in other two groups, while the relative expression level of CAT decreased. Mn SOD mRNA was expressed without significant difference in all groups. Compared with NC or DT group, urinary protein in DM group increased significantly, while creatinine clearance rate decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycemia affected the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress was caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and may be an important factor in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy.     

云南红河野生树花中金属元素含量的分析

采用火焰原子吸收法同时测定了野生树花中Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca和Pb10种金属元素的含量。结果表明:树花中含有丰富的金属元素,尤以Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn等元素的含量高,未检测出有害元素Pb,揭示了野生树花具有较高的营养价值。     

镉、铜胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾生理生化的影响

通过溶液培养的方法,研究了Cd、Cu胁迫对路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长及生理生化的影响.结果表明:Cd、Cu胁迫下,路易斯安娜鸢尾幼苗生长缓慢,地上、地下干重下降,叶片中的叶绿素含量均随胁迫浓度的增加而降低；植株叶片的丙二醛和游离脯氨酸含量、超氧化物岐化酶活性均随处理浓度、处理时间的延长而增加.     

微肥对洋葱品质影响的研究

施用钼肥后洋葱Vc含量明显增加；可溶性糖含量因铁肥浓度的增加而增加，施锌、锰肥后洋葱可溶性糖含量明显减少。矿质营养元素含量也有明显改变，其中Cu含量降低，其它相对应的微量元素含量增加。适量施用微肥还可以增加洋葱的Ca、Mg含量，提高对P、K的吸收和利用，有利于提高洋葱抗性，改善洋葱品质。     

赣南纽荷尔脐橙叶片微量元素含量状况

为了解赣南产区纽荷尔脐橙叶片黄化原因,2008年对赣南9个县（市、区）121个脐橙园脐橙叶片微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,叶片Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B和Mo的含量分别为（127.90 ± 21.15）、（115.79 ± 136.72）、（16.50 ± 4.05）、（8.42 ± 9.32）、（81.88 ± 33.72）和（0.36 ± 0.14）mg · kg-1;在各脐橙园中,叶片Mo、Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Zn含量处于适量及以上水平的分别占100%、99.17%、90.91%、92.56%、62.81%和4.96%,叶片Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Zn含量处于低量水平的分别占0.83%、7.44%、7.44%、29.75%和23.97%,处于缺乏水平的仅有Mn、Cu和Zn,分别占1.65%、7.44%和71.07%。表明赣南产区脐橙叶片普遍无Mo、Fe、Mn和B缺乏问题,部分产区脐橙叶片Cu含量偏低,大多数脐橙叶片的Zn含量处于缺乏水平,生产上需要重视补充Zn肥,适量补充Cu肥。     

扁桃幼果发育期果实和叶片中矿质元素含量的变化

以普通扁桃品种纸皮为试材,研究了幼果生长发育期间Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu元素的含量变化。旨在为指导扁桃合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,随果实生长发育,扁桃种仁中Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu4种元素含量呈升高趋势,Fe元素含量呈下降趋势。叶片、果皮中Cu、Ca2种元素含量呈升高趋势,Zn、Mn、Fe3种元素含量呈下降趋势。Zn、Mn、Cu元素含量在叶、果间呈极显著正相关,Ca元素含量在叶、果间呈显著正相关,Fe元素含量在叶、果间相关性不明显。     

γ–氨基丁酸对低氧胁迫下甜瓜幼苗氮代谢及矿质元素含量的影响

 以甜瓜‘西域1号’为材料,采用营养液水培方法,研究了低氧胁迫下外源γ–氨基丁酸（GABA）对幼苗根系无机氮代谢及矿质元素含量的影响。试验结果表明,低氧胁迫下甜瓜根系中硝酸还原酶（NR）、亚硝酸还原酶（NiR）活性显著提高,硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）以及谷氨酸、氨基酸、总氮含量显著增加,而可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,同时K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn含量显著降低,Mn、Fe、Cu含量大幅提高,根系生长受到严重抑制;低氧胁迫下添加外源GABA处理的甜瓜根系中NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N、NH₄⁺-N、谷氨酸、氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、总氮、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn含量以及NR、NiR活性显著高于低氧胁迫处理,而Mn、Fe、Cu含量显著降低,缓解了低氧胁迫对根系生长的抑制;低氧胁迫下同时添加GABA和钨酸钠处理的根系NR活性显著降低,同时NiR活性和NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、谷氨酸、氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、总氮含量和根系干质量均显著降低。说明低氧胁迫下外源GABA可以通过诱导NR活性的提高促进硝酸盐的吸收和转化,通过提高K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Zn的吸收和减少Mn、Fe、Cu的吸收,缓解低氧胁迫甜瓜根系的伤害。     

五味子果实不同成熟期微量元素的测定

为了研究五味子果实在不同成熟时期微量元素积累规律,利用原子吸收分光光度法对五味子果实不同发育时期Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、Na、Ca、Mn、Fe 8种微量元素进行测定。结果表明:Ca、Na含量最高,Mn、Fe、Zn含量次之,Ni、Co、Cr含量最少;各个微量元素含量均呈现一定变化规律,大部分元素含量在9月5日即果实成熟期以后趋于稳定。     

Study of lung morphologic features and oxygen free radicals in experimental diabetic rats

AIM:To evaluate the changes of lung morphologic features and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic rats. METHODS: The pulmonary structure of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were quantitatively studied with stereological methods. Changes of ultrastructure, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) of diabetic lung and serum were observed. RESULTS: The volume proportion of alveolar air and mean linear intercept of diabetic rats decreased remarkably in comparison with controls while the volume proportion of alveolar wall, the surface density of alveolar, the numerical density of alveolic area, the numerical density of alveolar and specific surface of alveolar increased significantly. The major change of the type II pneumocyte of diabetic rats was dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The other findings in diabetic rats had included the presence of thickened alveolar epithelial, pulmonary capillary basal laminae and blood- air barrier, the volume density, the surface density, the mean profile area and the mean perimeter of RER in type Ⅱ pneumocyte of diabetic rats increased remarkably. And the specific surface of RER was significantly lower as compared with controls. SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased significantly in serum of diabetic rats as compared with the control group. SOD activity in the diabetic lung was not different from that of the control lung. However, the content of MDA obviously increased in diabetic lung. CONCLUSION: The morphologic features and oxidative stress in early diabetic rats are abnormal thus the lung should be considered as one of the "target organ"in diabetes mellitus.     

不同种质佛手五种微量元素含量的比较分析

利用微波消解/电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES),同时测定了不同种质佛手的铜、铁、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量.结果表明:佛手含有较丰富的铁,硒的含量最低;不同种质间以来自江苏金佛手的铜、铁、锰、锌微量元素含量最高;云南产的云佛手微量元素含量最低.来自广西和广东4个不同产地的广佛手间微量元素含量也有一定差异.不同种质佛手微量元素含量的测定,为种质评价、了解药效成分含量及其疗效差异提供重要参考.     

基于因子分析和聚类分析的杧果种质矿质元素含量评价

以53个杧果品种的套袋果实为试材,测定其10个矿质元素含量,运用因子分析和聚类分析等统计方法对矿质元素含量特征进行分析。结果表明,不同品种果实中矿质元素含量存在显著差异,10种元素平均含量依次为：K > P > Mg > Ca > Na > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > B,变异系数在16.79%（P）~ 52.28%（Mn）之间;各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布;Mg与Mn、Zn、Cu、P、K、B之间,Zn、Cu、K两两之间,P与K之间均呈显著正相关;K、P、Ca、Mn和B是杧果果实的特征矿质元素;53个品种可以分为4类：（1）高K、P、Mg、Zn和Cu 含量的品种11个,（2）高Na和Fe含量的品种18个,（3）低Mg、Zn和K含量的品种8个,（4）低Ca、B和Mn含量的品种16个。     

土壤干旱胁迫对刺梨叶片矿质营养元素含量的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了土壤干旱胁迫对刺梨(RosaroxburghiiTratt.)的10种营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,土壤干旱胁迫降低了刺梨叶中的N、P、K、Ca、Cu、B、Mo元素含量,各胁迫处理与对照相比,叶中P、K、Cu、Mo元素含量都达到了极显著水平,而叶中Ca元素含量随胁迫程度加重呈极显著的降低趋势;轻度胁迫时叶中的Zn元素含量极显著地增加,在中度和重度干旱胁迫下,Zn元素含量又极显著地降低;轻、中度胁迫时叶中Mg元素含量明显增加,当土壤干旱胁迫继续加重叶中Mg元素含量极显著地增加;随土壤干旱胁迫程度的加重,叶中Fe元素含量一直呈极显著增加的趋势。     

Quercus ilex L. as bioaccumulator for heavy metals in urban areas: Effectiveness of leaf washing with distilled water and considerations on the trees distance from traffic

In recent years the use of plants as bioaccumulators or bioindicators has increased because enable the prediction of pollution for monitoring purposes, even in urban environments where traffic is a major source of heavy metals pollution. In this study we hypothesized holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) a valid trapping species for heavy metals. We also hypothesized that metals capture capacity by deposition on the crown is connected to the surrounding environmental characteristics and the distance of trees from the source of pollution. The study was conducted in the city of Florence. Holm oaks were selected in different sites near to heavy traffic roads. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba were analyzed through two methods: leaf washing with distilled water and leaf unwashing.One-year-old leaves (new leaves) were also compared with previous-year leaves (old leaves). Our results demonstrated the good capacity of this species to capture heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ba), particularly due to the presence of old leaves, which enhance the crown deposition surface. Washing was effective and it allowed testing the behaviour with regard to microelements: new leaves showed high Cu concentration, while old leaves had high Pb concentration. The dispersion of metals through the atmosphere was assessed through regression analysis, in two comparable gardens: leaves at farther distance from the traffic were richer in Zn, Pb, Mn, and Ba. The physical context of the surrounding environment was probably altering the distribution of heavy metals as barriers to dispersion, which can reach tens of metres from the source of pollution. Therefore, this work suggests that wind modelling and trees distribution and characteristics should be taken into consideration to evaluate the pollutants dispersion, especially for planning of recreational urban green areas.     

Cu2+ , Zn2+ 和Mn2+ 对冷胁迫下嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片提取液SOD活性的影响

 以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材, 研究叶片Mn、Cu、Zn和Fe含量及低温胁迫下SOD活性的差异, 结果表明: 嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量均显著高于自根黄瓜, 而Fe的含量则显著低于自根黄瓜; 低温胁迫第3天, 嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD、Cu /Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性均显著高于自根黄瓜, Fe-SOD则显著低于自根黄瓜。为探索嫁接黄瓜叶片高含量Mn、Cu、Zn与SOD活性之间的关系, 向低温胁迫第3天的自根黄瓜叶片SOD 提取液中加入Mn²⁺ 、Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺ , 使之与嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD 提取液对应组合的Mn²⁺ 、Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺浓度相等, 研究此时的SOD及其同工酶活性的变化, 结果发现: Mn²⁺ 、Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺加入自根黄瓜叶片提取液后均能显著增强SOD活性, 其增强作用的大小依次为Mn²⁺ +Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ + Cu²⁺,Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cu²⁺ + Zn²⁺ +Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺ + Zn²⁺和Zn²⁺ 。3种离子的加入都不影响Fe-SOD的活性。这一结果说明黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量是影响SOD活性大小的重要因素, 嫁接黄瓜吸收Mn、Cu和Zn的能力较强是其SOD活性显著高于自根黄瓜的重要原因之一。     

微波消解ICP—MS法测定香菇中重金属含量

采用密闭微波消解法消解香菇样品,在优化微波消解条件的基础上,建立微波消解ICP—MS法同时测定千香菇中As、PI）、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe和Mg九种重金属元素的方法,在最佳试验条件下,加标收率为92．0％～104．6％,RSD为2．2％-5．3％。该方法简便、快速、准确：     

野生欧李果实发育期不同叶位叶片中主要矿质元素含量的变化

以野生欧李为试材,研究了欧李果实发育期不同叶位成熟叶片中Ca与其他主要矿质元素的变化及其相关特性,为揭示欧李果实钙素吸收机制提供基础资料。结果表明,果实发育期新梢不同叶位叶片中Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg(均值)逐渐增加,Fe、Zn、K(均值)逐渐下降;果实成熟增长期新梢中不同部位叶片由下至上Cu、Zn、Mn、K呈增加趋势,Fe、Ca呈递减趋势,Mg无明显变化;不同叶位叶片中Ca变化相互间均呈显著或极显著正相关,与新梢上位叶片中Zn、Fe、K变化呈显著或极显著负相关,与新梢上位和下位叶片中Mn、Mg变化呈显著或极显著正相关。研究提出,新梢上位成熟叶片中主要矿质元素的变化可以表征新梢叶片中钙素吸收和累积的变化规律。     

果树缺铁黄化叶片矿质元素含量变化的研究

以苹果、梨、桃为试材，按叶片缺铁黄化程度不同分级采样并分析叶片矿质元素含量变化。结果表明：随着果树黄化叶片的加剧，叶片全量Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｂ含量显著增加，Ｃａ、Ｍｎ含量明显降低，Ｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ有一定的变化，但趋势不太明显；随叶片失绿程度的加重，Ｃａ／Ｋ、Ｍｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ、Ｂ／Ｍｎ变化也极为明显。分别用叶片矿质元素含量及元素间比值与叶绿素含量进行相关分析表明，矿质元素以Ｂ、Ｐ与叶绿素关系最密切，Ｍｎ、Ｎ、Ｃａ次之；元素间以Ｃａ／Ｋ、Ｂ／Ｍｎ与叶绿素相关性最好，Ｍｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ、Ｐ／Ｚｎ次之。