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镁、钾营养及其交互作用对水稻产量、产量构成因素和养分吸收的影响 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
在温室条件下,采用土壤盆栽方法研究了Mg,K营养及其交互作用对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量、产量构成因素和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,不同Mg,K施用量均显著地影响水稻籽粒产量及其构成因素,而且Mg,K营养之间存在显著的互作效应。适量施用Mg,K肥就能显著地增加水稻产量,中Mg高K施用量的产量最高,比不施肥增产28.4%。当土壤在低K施用量时,有利于水稻植株对Mg,N和P的吸收;但在高K施用量下,则抑制Mg,N和P的吸收。在低K和中K施用量时,低量Mg能促进N,P.K的吸收,而高Mg施用量则抑制P和K的吸收。水稻秸秆Mg含量随Mg施用量的增加而增加,但随着K施用量的增加而降低。本研究表明,Mg,K营养之间存在较强的拮抗效应,Mg,K肥的平衡施用对提高水稻产量具有重要意义。 相似文献
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张掖市加工型马铃薯氮磷钾最佳施用量的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
经回归统计分析,张掖市加工型马铃薯N素经济效益最佳施用量为0.100 t/hm2,N素最佳施用量时的理论产量为42.89 t/hm2。P素经济效益最佳施用量为0.076 t/hm2,P素最佳施用量时的理论产量为40.98 t/hm2。K素经济效益最佳施用量为0.198 t/hm2,K素最佳施用量时的理论产量为43.58 t/hm2。经增产效应和经济效益分析,加工型马铃薯产量随N、P、K素用量增加而增加,但边际产量、边际产值、边际利润、肥料贡献率则随N、P、K用量增加而递减,此趋势符合报酬递减律。 相似文献
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设施栽培黄瓜的氮磷钾肥料效应研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用"3414"肥料试验方案开展了设施栽培黄瓜的N、P、K肥料效应研究。结果表明,随着N、K肥施用量增加,黄瓜产量呈先增后减的趋势;随P肥施用量增加,黄瓜产量呈下降趋势;N、K肥配施为正交互作用,N、P肥和P、K肥配施均为负交互作用。在中等P、K肥配施水平下,黄瓜硝酸盐含量随施N量的增加而降低。施N量与黄瓜亚硝酸盐含量间存在显著的函数关系,P、K肥的影响较小。不同施肥处理黄瓜蛋白质和Vc含量差异均不显著,且与N、P、K施肥量间的函数关系拟合度较低。每生产100 kg黄瓜需要吸收的养分量为N 0.296kg、P2O50.166 kg、K2O 0.517 kg。供试条件下黄瓜最佳经济施肥量为N 150.0 kg/hm2、K2O 409.5 kg/hm2,不施或少施磷肥。 相似文献
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不同氮磷钾处理对木薯产量、 养分积累、 利用及经济效益的影响 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
于2010和2011年,以木薯品种华南205(SC205)为试验材料,采用3414方案设计,研究了氮磷钾不同施肥处理对木薯产量、 养分积累利用和经济效益的影响,并通过多元回归建立红壤旱地木薯的施肥效益方程。结果表明,施肥处理的鲜薯产量显著高于不施肥处理; 缺氮处理的鲜薯产量显著低于缺磷和缺钾处理,对鲜薯产量的影响N>K2O>P2O5; 施肥处理中以N2P2K2处理的鲜薯产量、 鲜薯淀粉含量、 鲜生物量、 养分收获指数和经济效益最高,而产投比以N2P2K0处理最高,N1P2K1处理其次,N2P2K3处理最小。木薯植株养分积累总量K2O>N>P2O5,平均100 kg鲜薯养分需求量分别为1.00、 0.91和0.11 kg,平均养分收获指数分别为0.53、 0.33和0.46。相关分析表明,木薯产量与施氮量呈极显著正相关,与施钾量呈显著正相关,与施磷量相关不显著。在本试验条件下,三元二次方程拟合结果表明,达到经济最佳产量时的氮、 磷、 钾施用量分别为205.37、 65.43和311.30 kg/hm2,产投比为6.23。 相似文献
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不同腐殖酸复合肥施用量对辣椒产量及其养分利用率的影响 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
试验研究不同腐殖酸复合肥施用量对辣椒产量及其养分利用率的影响结果表明 ,随施肥量的增加而辣椒叶片N、P、K累积量逐渐增大 ,果实N、P、K累积量呈二次抛物线趋势变化 ,且施肥量过大时不利于营养元素向果实中的转移。肥料生产效率及N、P、K养分利用率均随施肥量的增大而降低 ,肥料对辣椒产量的贡献率以及辣椒产量随施肥量的变化与辣椒果实营养元素累积量变化趋势相一致 相似文献
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试验研究建立了小白菜平衡施肥数学模型 ,并模拟出小白菜N、P、K肥施用量与产量及利润的回归方程 ,应用边际分析法获得小白菜最高产量施N肥量为 137 12kg/hm2 ,N∶P2 O5∶K2 O =1∶0 77∶0 98;最佳利润施N肥量为 12 3 74kg/hm2 ,N∶P2 O5∶K2 O =1∶0 85∶1。 相似文献
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库拉索芦荟施肥模型的建立与解析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在云南元江干热河谷气候条件下,采用二次正交旋转组合设计田间小区试验,建立了回归方程并分析了N、P、K、有机肥对库拉索芦荟鲜叶产量、芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量的影响。结果表明:P、K肥对提高库拉索芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量有显著效果,以K肥的影响最为显著,N肥和有机肥的影响不明显;N、P、K肥施用量与芦荟鲜叶产量的关系符合米氏曲线,有机肥对芦荟鲜叶产量的影响不显著。芦荟鲜叶产量最高时的施肥量为N198kghm-2、P2O5198kghm-2、K2O264kghm-2、鸡粪4125kghm-2。芦荟甙含量和芦荟甙产量最高时的施肥量为N396kghm-2、P2O5396kghm-2、K2O528kghm-2、鸡粪20625kghm-2。 相似文献
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锌硼钼配施对川白芷药材农艺性状与产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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施钾对有些茄科作物产量和品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over a period of two years,field experiments were conducted on wto silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of geggplant(var.serpentinum Bailey),tomato(var.commune Bailey),sweet pepper(var.grossum Bailey) and chilli (var.lengum Bailey),respectively,Each experiment included four treatments with from low to high doses,0-450 kg ha^-1 for eggplant ,tomato and sweet pepper,and 0-270 kg ha^-1 for chilli,of K fertilizers in the from of sulfate of potash(SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One CK treatment without K,N and P fertilzers applied and one treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash(MOP) applied at the high level(450kg ha^-1) together with N and P fertilizers were included in the experiments of eggplant,in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP,The fruit yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application.The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The dry matter and vitamin C contents in fruits of tomato,sweet pepper and chilli,and the sugar content and the titratable acidity level of tomato fruits were increased,and the S/A ratio( ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity) of tomato fruits were decreased by K fertilization,indicating that K fertilization could improve the fruit quality of the solanaceous vegetable crops.However,the high rate of Kfertilizer might lower the dry matter and vitamin C contents of tomato fruits and sewwt pepper fruits.SOP was more effective than MOP in increasing the yield and quality of eggplant fruits at the high fertilization rate;therefore,the choice of applying SOP may be better for high levels of K fertilization. 相似文献
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长效尿素的供氮过程及其在稻—麦轮作下的生物学效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用磷酸盐包膜工艺制成长效尿素PCU,含N 33.8%,全磷(P)5.15%,有效磷(P)4.10%。同日本产品SCU和IBDU进行了盆栽和田间小区及微区试验,发现:(1)PCU作基肥穴施其供氮强度和供氮容量均高于SCU和IBDU;(2)PCU在红壤上对中稻的产量效应显著高于普通尿素分次施。但在黄泥土和白土上对单晚的肥效不及普通尿素分次施;(3)PCU作基肥穴施在中稻上其氮素利用率最高,达到79%,而SCU和IBDU作基肥混施以及普通尿素分次施的氮素利用率分别为60%,42%和34%;(4)长效肥的后效与释放率呈反相关的趋势,即释放率越低,后效越长,如释放率最低的IBDU的后效比SCU和PCU分别高89%和47%。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):593-606
Abstract Field trials were conducted for three years on the response of maize to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on Oyo Soil Series (Arenic Haplustalf) and Iregun series (Aquic Haplustalf) in the derived savanna and southern guinea savanna zones of Nigeria, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer as granulated urea at rates 0–300 kg N/ha, P fertilizer as single superphosphate at rates 0–120 kg P/h, and K fertilizer as muriate of potash at rates 0–180 kg K/ha were used for the different nutrient combinations. The base rates for N, P, and K were 100 kg N/ha, 40 kg P/ha, and 60 kg K/ha, respectively. The results of the trials showed that annual application of the blanket recommended N, P, and K rates to maize grown under intensive land use system could not produce optimum yield. Fertilizer efficiency varied along with soil test values from year to year. The highest response by maize in these zones was to N, the optimum rate ranged from 50–100 kg N/ha. Application of high rates of P and K fertilizers on soils with fairly sufficient nutrient level showed no significant effect on maize yield. But when P and K were applied at low rates (20 kg P/ha and 30 kg K/ha), their contents in the leaf and maize yield, in most cases, increased significantly. The results, however, showed that N, P, and K recommendations for optimum maize yield in both zones are 50–100 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 0–30 kg K/ha, respectively. 相似文献
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施肥对红壤地区直播油菜生长、产量及养分吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2009~2010年在江西典型红壤地区设置直播油菜氮磷钾硼肥田间试验,研究施肥对直播油菜生长发育、籽粒产量及N、P、K养分吸收与累积的影响。结果表明,红壤上直播油菜各施肥处理中以NPKB处理的籽粒产量和施肥效益最高,分别为1 722 kg/hm2和1 469元/hm2,而N、P、K、B任何一种养分缺乏均影响油菜的正常发育和籽粒产量。本试验条件下,红壤直播油菜的养分限制因子为P>B>N>K。施肥对直播油菜N、P、K养分的吸收和累积有明显影响,各养分间存在相互影响和制约的关系,NPKB处理最有利于养分吸收及累积,其氮、磷、钾肥吸收利用率分别为29.3%、59.5%和89.1%,均为最高。红壤地区直播油菜的高产应积极推广氮磷钾硼肥平衡配施措施,并实行氮、钾肥分次施用。 相似文献