雏鹅几种常发细菌性传染病及其防治

1绿脓杆菌 病由绿脓杆菌引起雏鹅的败血性传染病。主要感染雏鹅,发病率和死亡率在5%～10%,多由创伤感染。     

一例鹅细小病毒感染的诊治

正鹅细小病毒感染是由鹅细小病毒引起的一种高度接触性传染性疾病,主要侵害30日龄以内的雏鹅。根据雏鹅感染的日龄不同,本病可表现为急性型、亚急性型和慢性型。急性型可引起10日龄以内的雏鹅全部死亡。本病有严格的年龄相关性,1周龄以内雏鹅感染死亡率达到100%,2~3周龄的雏鹅发病率虽然很高,但死亡率可能低于10%,而4~5周龄雏鹅感染后,造成的损失可能不大,但如果饲养管理不善,继发其他细菌、真菌或病毒感染,可使最终     

小鹅瘟病的特点及防制体会

小鹅瘟病是由小鹅瘟病毒引起雏鹅的急性、败血性的传染病。本病仅发生于鹅和番鸭 ,其他禽类和哺乳动物尚未见有发生的报道。本病易发生于 3～ 2 0日龄的雏鹅 ,发病后传染快、死亡率高 ,是危害养鹅业的重大疫病之一。1　流行特点在自然感染情况下 ,最早发现本病的雏鹅为 3～ 5日龄 ,2～ 3天内迅速波及全群 ,7～ 1 0日龄雏鹅发病率和死亡率达到高峰 ,一般死亡率为 70 %～ 95% ,最高达 1 0 0 %。随着日龄的增加 ,雏鹅的易感性逐渐下降 ,1 0日龄以上雏鹅感染后死亡率一般不超过 6 0 % ,2 0日龄以上发病率较低 ,30日龄以上极少发病。但近年来亦偶…     

做好春夏时节雏鹅常见细菌性传染病防治

正春夏时节大量的病原微生物繁殖旺盛,由于雏鹅自身生长发育还不完善,对外界的病原微生物抵抗力差,容易发生细菌性传染病。而这些常见的细菌性传染病传染速度快、覆盖面广及死亡率高,如不及时预防治疗,将给养鹅生产带来重大经济损失。1绿脓杆菌病该病是由绿脓杆菌引起雏鹅的一种败血性传染病,主要感染雏鹅,多数是由创伤感染,发病率和死亡率在5%～10%,多发于春末夏初。患病雏鹅症     

小鹅瘟病毒卵黄抗体的保存期试验

正小鹅瘟(Goose parvovius,GP),是由鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovius,GPV)引起雏鹅急性肠炎及肝、肾、心实质脏器炎症,病原性强,死亡率高,该病主要感染1月龄以内的雏鹅,雏番鸭也很易感染,可经呼吸道和消化道感染,并能经卵垂直传播,发病率和死亡率可高达90%～100%,对养鹅业危害严重。为了有效的防控该病的发生,通过现地分离的病毒接种于鹅胚后,收获培养物,经     

致雏鹅痛风新型鹅星状病毒的分离鉴定和致病性试验

为了解黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某鹅场雏鹅发病原因,本试验对鹅场疑似感染鹅星状病毒(GoAstV)的雏鹅进行剖检,采集具有典型痛风症状病死鹅的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏,进行病原分离、PCR扩增、基因序列分析和动物回归试验。结果显示,将分离得到的病原接种鹅胚后,72～168 h死亡率约为90%;剖检死亡鹅胚可见尿囊膜水肿并有尿酸盐沉积、胚体严重充血水肿呈潮红色。基因序列比对结果显示,分离毒株与近年来报道的引起禽类痛风的新型GoAstV毒株HNSQ-6、HNKF-1、HNNY0620和XT1的核苷酸同源性较高,达99.58%～99.72%。动物回归试验结果显示,攻毒后雏鹅的临床症状与自然感染雏鹅的发病症状一致;攻毒后雏鹅死亡率约70%,未死亡鹅的生长受到严重抑制;剖检死亡雏鹅可见心脏、肝脏和肾脏表面出现明显的尿酸盐沉着,部分死亡雏鹅关节腔内有尿酸盐沉积。结果表明,从黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某鹅场病死雏鹅中分离的致病原为GoAstV。     

小鹅瘟的防治

小鹅瘟是由鹅细小病毒感染所引起的雏鹅的一种急性传染病。病鹅的主要特征是精神萎顿,食欲废绝,严重下痢,小肠黏膜有时大片发生坏死脱落和凝固,形成栓子,堵塞肠腔。10日龄以内的雏鹅感染本病后,死亡率70%～90%,甚至达100%,20日龄以上的雏鹅发病率较低,1月龄以上者极少发病。     

小鹅瘟的诊断与防治技术

正春季是许多养殖户上鹅苗的时机。吉林省公主岭市周边有几个养殖场先后出现雏鹅大面积发病,且发病急,死亡率高。经诊断是小鹅瘟病,小鹅瘟是由小鹅瘟病毒引起的雏鹅急性败血性传染病,发病率和死亡率高,对养鹅业的生产和发展影响极大。经过现场查看,现将情况介绍如下。1流行病学小鹅瘟主要感染3周龄以内雏鹅,4～5周龄小鹅也有感染,40 d以后的中大鹅很少发病。日龄越小患鹅死亡越多,7日龄内雏鹅死亡率可     

鹅细小病毒感染的诊断与防治

鹅细小病毒感染,又称小鹅瘟,是初生雏鹅的急性传染病。 1流行病学 本病在自然条件下,只在雏鹅中发生,3－20日龄最易感,20日龄以上很少发病。发病日龄愈小,死亡率也愈高,10日龄以内的雏鹅感染后,致死率可达70%－95%,甚至达100%。     

春夏季雏鹅几种常发细菌性传染病的防治策略

1雏鹅绿脓杆菌病由绿脓杆菌(属假单孢菌)引起雏鹅的一种败血性传染病。发病率和死亡率在5%～10%,多由创伤感染引起。1.1临床症状病鹅精神萎靡,食欲减退或废绝。羽毛粗乱无光泽,两翅下垂。腹泻,粪便呈白     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.