对猪行为和福利的初探

1前言 早在公元前10 000年,东南亚就可能出现了野猪的驯化（Lekagul和McNeely,1977）。早期农业社会时,猪驯养变得普遍起来,可能是因为猪具有顽强的生命力、性成熟快、产仔数多以及饲喂粗饲料就可以保证维持自身营养需要的优势。     

WTO规则知多少?

说起世贸组织（ＷＴＯ），就要说到它的规则。而说起Ｗ的规则，一大堆的新名词扑面而来，什么非歧视原则、最惠国待遇、国民待遇、特惠制，什么原产地原则、进口许可程序、保障措施、政府采购规则，等等，还有许许多多的协议、协定、谅解，看起来，令人有些眼花瞭乱。因此，对不熟悉ＷＴＯ规则的人来说，需要对那些五花八门的规则做一番梳理，在深入学习每一项具体规则之前，对ＷＴＯ的规则体系有一个总体的了解，对各规则之间的关联大体明了。这就是本篇所想要说的。 ＷＴＯ规则是什么 简单地说，ＷＴＯ的规则就是各项协定，是ＷＴＯ全体成…     

浅谈动物福利

畜产品安全引起人们从另一个角度对动物福利的关注,片面地追求GDP和人的福利,忽略甚至否定动物福利的必要性,最终结果是危害人类自身的健康。保护动物福利可以提高畜产品的品质,保证食品安全。草地农业系统为动物福利提供了生态系统基础。在实现动物福利时,要结合国情把握好“度”。国内外动物福利的研究有一定区别,因时代局限性和不同步性,动物福利发展受到多因素的影响。我国制订动物福利法刻不容缓,可以通过草畜耦合、完善草地农业系统,提高动物福利的社会承认度,全面实现动物福利。     

动物福利及GAP对生猪养殖的福利要求

主要从主观感受式、生物学功能式、自然生活式三个方面介绍了动物福利的定义、动物福利相关法律及国内外发展现状;并结合良好农业规范(GAP)标准中生猪饲养过程控制,重点阐述了影响生猪福利的环节和采取的相应措施,即地面和垫料;畜禽群体结构和混群;气侯、光照和噪音;畜舍空间;气流与空气质量;微生物环境;饲养人员与畜禽的互作;生长促进剂;畜舍环境富集。     

Animal behavior and animal welfare

The value of behavioral techniques in assessing animal welfare, and in particular assessing the psychological well being of animals, is reviewed. Using cats and horses as examples, 3 behavioral methods are presented: (1) comparison of behavior patterns and time budgets; (2) choice tests; and (3) operant conditioning. The behaviors of intact and declawed cats were compared in order to determine if declawing led to behavioral problems or to a change in personality. Apparently it did not. The behavior of free ranging horses was compared with that of stabled horses. Using two-choice preference tests, the preference of horses for visual contact with other horses and the preference for bedding were determined. Horses show no significant preference for locations from which they can make visual contact with other horses, but they do prefer bedding, especially when lying down. Horses will perform an operant response in order to obtain light in a darkened barn or heat in an outside shed. These same techniques can be used to answer a variety of questions about an animal's motivation for a particular attribute of its environment.     

现代养猪生产中的福利问题

世界畜牧业水平不断提高,人们生活水平不断改善,生产高品质畜禽产品成为世界的共同目标。经过多年的研究和生产实践发现,满足动物所需的各种条件,改善动物的福利状况有利于提高畜禽产品品质。随着人道主义向畜牧业渗透,人们开始逐渐重视动物的福利,关于动物福利的研究也逐步展开。本文主要探讨现代化养猪生产中的福利问题及相应的对策。1动物福利的定义、评价及描述动物福利是一个复杂的概念,受多种因素影响。一般定义为动物的生活质量要与动物康乐相对应,使动物的身体及心理与环境相协调。动物福利科学涉及动物行为学、解剖学、神经生理学…     

关注猪的动物福利

动物福利(anim al welfare)理念建立的前提,是认为动物和人类一样,是有感知、有痛苦、有恐惧,有情感需求的。动物福利的核心内容是[1,2]:不是我们不能利用动物,而是应该怎样合理、人道地利用动物,要尽量保证这些为人类做出贡献和牺牲的动物享有最基本的权利,如在饲养时给它一定的生存空间,在宰杀、运输时尽量减轻他们的痛苦,在做试验时减少它们无谓的牺牲。1各国怎样关注动物福利[3]现代动物福利的理念是追求动物与自然的和谐[4],主张一切生命的互动平衡。在现代动物生产系统中,动物保健水平的高低客观上反映了一个国家的国民经济发展水平和…     

Good animal welfare makes economic sense: potential of pig abattoir meat inspection as a welfare surveillance tool

ABSTRACT: During abattoir meat inspection pig carcasses are partially or fully condemned upon detection of disease that poses a risk to public health or welfare conditions that cause animal suffering e.g. fractures. This incurs direct financial losses to producers and processors. Other health and welfare-related conditions may not result in condemnation but can necessitate 'trimming' of the carcass e.g. bruising, and result in financial losses to the processor. Since animal health is a component of animal welfare these represent a clear link between suboptimal pig welfare and financial losses to the pig industry.Meat inspection data can be used to inform herd health programmes, thereby reducing the risk of injury and disease and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, meat inspection has the potential to contribute to surveillance of animal welfare. Such data could contribute to reduced losses to producers and processors through lower rates of carcass condemnations, trimming and downgrading in conjunction with higher pig welfare standards on farm. Currently meat inspection data are under-utilised in the EU, even as a means of informing herd health programmes. This includes the island of Ireland but particularly the Republic.This review describes the current situation with regard to meat inspection regulation, method, data capture and utilisation across the EU, with special reference to the island of Ireland. It also describes the financial losses arising from poor animal welfare (and health) on farms. This review seeks to contribute to efforts to evaluate the role of meat inspection as a surveillance tool for animal welfare on-farm, using pigs as a case example.