甜菜碱对肉鸡生长性能、脂质代谢及肌肉风味品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的甜菜碱对肉鸡生长性能、脂质代谢及肌肉风味品质的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康肉公鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%甜菜碱的试验饲粮。试验全期42 d,前期为第1~21天,后期为第22~42天。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱能够显著提高肉鸡前、后、全期平均日增重和前、后期体重(P0.05),显著降低全期料重比(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加甜菜碱显著提高了肉鸡胸肌中肌苷酸含量及胸肌和腿肌中肌肉脂肪、风味氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱能够显著增加肉鸡胸肌和腿肌饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸含量,以及胸肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸(P0.05)。与对照组相比,0.20%甜菜碱显著降低血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和脂联素含量(P0.05),显著提高血清中高密度脂蛋白、瘦素和胰岛素含量(P0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮中添加甜菜碱可以提高肉鸡的生长性能,促进脂质代谢,改善肌肉风味品质,以0.20%添加效果为最佳。     

不同甜菜碱产品替代肉鸡饲料DL-蛋氨酸试验

近几年来,肉鸡的养殖一直处在低谷,特别是玉米等原料价格上涨,给肉鸡养殖带来了很大的影响.为降低饲养成本,促进肉鸡养殖,提高配合饲料质量是当前重要措施之一.甜菜碱是一种季胺型生物碱,其化学名称为甘氨酸三甲基内盐,能提供甲基,参与氨基酸的合成.大量研究表明,甜菜碱能替代蛋氨酸,替代比为1:2.本文旨在研究各种不同甜菜碱产品部分替代日粮中的DL-蛋氨酸对肉鸡饲养效果和经济效益的影响.     

澳大利亚家禽科学座谈会上的两篇论文摘要

蛋氨酸和甜菜碱 R.McDevitt,D.Mack和I.Wallis等人提交一篇关于“蛋氨酸和甜菜碱对于雄性肉鸡的生长性能和胴体品质的影响”的文章，蛋氨酸的主要作用有三个，第一，它是必需氨基酸，其次，它是胱氨酸的前体，第三，它可以提供甲基，甜菜碱也是一种甲基供体，它可以影响脂肪代谢，使体脂肪减少并可使肌体中脂肪重新分布，此外它不可以弥补蛋氨酸的不足，可使蛋氨酸更多地用于合成蛋白质。     

甜菜碱对脂肪代谢的调控机制研究进展

甜菜碱是动物机体高效的甲基供体,作为饲料添加剂具有促生长、改善肉质、抗应激、提高免疫力和抗氧化能力等多方面的作用.甜菜碱对于脂肪代谢的调控作用明显,可有效提高畜禽生长速度及瘦肉率,降低料重比,这些作用可能是通过调节脂肪合成与分解的关键酶酶活,并提高脂肪的转运能力实现的.甜菜碱还可改变机体的内分泌水平从而在整体上调控脂肪代谢.     

甜菜碱与脂肪代谢

甜菜碱作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有提供甲基,促进脂肪代谢的作用,可降低或重新分配体内脂肪。甜菜碱可以广泛用于猪、鸡、以及水产动物饲料中,可以降低许多家畜肝脏脂肪合成速度,具有明显的抗脂肪肝效应。所以,甜菜碱对动物具有保健和预防疾病的功能。本文就甜菜碱调节脂肪代谢的作用机理、抗脂肪肝效应及在实际应用效果作一综述。     

甜菜碱与脂肪代谢

甜菜碱作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有提供甲基,促进脂肪代谢的作用,可降低或重新分配体内脂肪.甜菜碱可以广泛用于猪、鸡、以及水产动物饲料中,可以降低许多家畜肝脏脂肪合成速度,具有明显的抗脂肪肝效应.所以,甜菜碱对动物具有保健和预防疾病的功能.本文就甜菜碱调节脂肪代谢的作用机理、抗脂肪肝效应及在实际应用效果作一综述.     

理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术的研究进展

营养状况可显著影响肌肉的生长,不同的营养因素对肉鸡肌肉生长产生的影响不同。日粮氨基酸是影响肉鸡肌肉最主要的营养成分,适当提高日粮氨基酸水平可降低肉鸡脂肪的沉积,提高胸肉产量,显著改善肉鸡的增重和饲料转化效率。作者主要就日粮理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术研究进展进行了综述。     

甜菜碱的生理学功能及其在畜牧生产中应用的研究进展简

甜菜碱及其盐酸盐作为一种高活性的甲基供体,在甲基代谢中起着重要的营养调控作用,同时具有调节体内渗透压、促进脂肪与氨基酸代谢、增强蛋白质合成和改善肉品质等重要作用,故甜菜碱作为一种新型、安全的营养性添加剂在饲料工业和动物生产中得到了越来越广泛的应用。作者综合近年来国内外有关甜菜碱的文献报道,就其生理学功能及其在畜牧生产中的应用进行综述。     

山楂和枸杞提取物的对肉鸡生产性能的影响

采用山楂和枸杞提取物作为肉鸡的饲料添加剂,以改变高抗生素对肉鸡品质的不良影响.研究山楂和枸杞提取物对肉鸡生长性能,营养物质利用率,免疫器官指数,屠宰指标,血液指标,肉质和肠道菌群的影响.山楂和枸杞子提取物可改善营养物质代谢率,提高鸡肉中蛋白质含量,降低脂肪含量,改善肉品质,明显促进肉鸡免疫器官的生长发育,提高免疫器官指数(脾脏,法氏囊,胸腺),可改善屠宰性能,提高胸肌,腿肌率,降低腹脂率,可明显降低血清胆固醇和尿素氮含量,促进蛋白质代谢,可提高鸡肉中必须氨基酸,风味氨基酸和必须脂肪酸含量,降低肉中有毒,有害物质残留,提高鸡肉营养价值,改善肉品质.     

饲料企业对甜菜碱的质量监控

甜菜碱是一种季铵型生物碱,又名甘氨酸甜菜碱、三甲基甘氨酸等,其化学结构与氨基酸、胆碱相似。甜菜碱是动物机体内重要的甲基供体,参与氨基酸和脂肪代谢,调节动物体内渗透压,具有促进生长、改善胴体组成、提高肉质、提高水产饵料诱食性等作用,能明显降低饲料成本,提高经济收益。因此,甜菜碱已被作为多功能饲料添加剂广泛应用于各种动物配合饲料中,越来越受到人们重视。目前,市场上甜菜碱种类很多,根据生产工     

Effect of trimethylamine oxide and betaine in swine diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and sensory quality of pork.

Two growth experiments and one digestibility experiment were conducted to study the effect of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and betaine in swine diets. In Exp. 1, 36 limit-fed pigs averaging 19.1 kg in initial weight were used to study the effect of adding TMAO at 10 g/kg of feed or betaine at an equivalent level of methyl groups (10.5 g/kg feed) to a high-fat (11.3% ether extract) basal diet. Dietary addition of TMAO increased ADG by 61 g/d, reduced number of days to market by 8.3 d (P<.02), and tended (P<.09) to improve gain/feed (G/F) compared with the control diet. Betaine had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Adding TMAO or betaine to diets had no effect on percent carcass fat, percent carcass lean, or dressing percentage. Dietary supplementation of TMAO reduced (P<.05) plasma triacylglycerol level (TAG) compared with the control diet. There was no effect of dietary TMAO or betaine on sensory quality characteristics of pork. In Exp. 2, 48 ad libitum-fed pigs averaging 21.7 kg initial BW and 104.7 kg final BW were used to determine the effect of adding low and intermediate levels of TMAO (1, 2, or 5 g/kg) to diets. Adding 1 g of TMAO increased G/F (P<.01) compared with control pigs. When using orthogonal contrasts, adding 2 g of TMAO reduced (P<.05) P2 backfat thickness and tended to increase (P<.09) lean percentage compared with the control diet. Trimethylamine oxide gave a quadratic effect (P<.05) on plasma TAG levels. Adding 1 and 2 g of TMAO increased plasma TAG, but 5 g of TMAO decreased it compared with the control diet. In Exp. 3, 12 barrows of 42.3 kg average initial BW and 50.0 kg final BW were used to investigate the effect of supplementing diets with 1 g of TMAO and 1.27 g of betaine/kg of feed on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. The addition of TMAO increased (P<0.03) apparent total tract digestibility of fat (HCl-EE). Betaine had no such effect. Adding TMAO to diets influenced growth performance and carcass quality in a dose-dependent manner.     

Effects of methionine and betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcase composition and metabolism of lipids in male broilers

1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of methionine and betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcase composition and lipid metabolism in growing broilers. 2. A total of 450 commercial broilers, 22 d of age, were randomly allocated to three groups, each of which included three replicates (50 birds per replicate). The groups received the same methionine-deficient diet supplemented with 0 or 1 g/kg methionine, or 0.5 g/kg betaine, respectively. 3. Methionine and betaine supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion. Supplemental methionine and betaine also significantly increased breast muscle yield and decreased abdominal fat content. Meanwhile, addition of methionine and betaine significantly increased the contents of creatine and free carnitine in liver, the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase in abdominal fat and the concentration of free fatty acid in serum, whereas uric acid concentration in serum was significantly decreased. 4. The results of this study suggest that betaine can spare methionine in its function as an essential amino acid and is as effective as methionine in improving performance and carcase quality of growing broilers if the diet is moderately deficient in methionine. The decrease in abdominal fat may be due to the increased carnitine synthesis in liver and hormone-sensitive lipase activity in abdominal fat.     

甜菜碱对生长猪的生长性能和胴体组成的影响

选用 96头杜长大生长猪 ,随机分成 4组 ,以研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜碱 (10 0 0、15 0 0、2 0 0 0 mg/kg)对猪生长性能、胴体组成及肉质的作用效果。试验结果表明 ,与对照组相比 ,日粮中添加 10 0 0 mg/kg和 15 0 0 mg/kg甜菜碱组猪日增重分别提高 13.2 0 % (P<0 .0 1)、9.2 8% (P<0 .0 5 ) ,日均采食量分别增加 7.30 % (P<0 .0 5 )、7.33% (P<0 .0 1) ,料重比分别下降 7.93% (P<0 .0 1)、6 .5 5 % (P<0 .0 5 )。此外 ,10 0 0 mg/kg甜菜碱组猪的胴体瘦肉率和眼肌面积比对照组分别提高 7.15 % (P<0 .0 5 )、19.12 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,胴体脂肪率与背膘厚分别减少 2 7.2 1% (P<0 .0 5 )、14 .86 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;背最长肌中的肌红蛋白和肌内脂肪分别提高 34.2 1% (P<0 .0 1)、2 9.5 6 % (P<0 .0 1)     

饲粮中添加甜菜碱对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加甜菜碱对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用体重(7.12±0.11)kg断奶后1周的“杜×长×大”仔猪160头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮上添加600、900、1 200 mg/kg甜菜碱的试验饲粮.试验期28 d.结果表明,饲粮中添加甜菜碱能够显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著增加血清生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ的含量(P＜0.05).600mg/kg甜菜碱显著降低了血清尿素氮和低密度脂蛋白含量(P＜0.05).但饲粮中添加甜菜碱对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白含量和代谢酶的活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,饲粮中添加甜菜碱可以提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,促进蛋白质的沉积和脂肪代谢,其中以添加量600 mg/kg效果最好.     

Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance,fat deposition and serum lipids in broilers subjected to chronic heat stress

We evaluated the effects of supplementing betaine on growth performance, fat deposition and lipid metabolism status in broilers kept under chronic heat stress. Five hundred and forty chicks were randomly divided into six groups and the two normal temperature groups were held at normal ambient temperature and fed the basal diet (CONT) and basal diet plus 0.1% betaine, respectively. Heat stressed (HS) broilers were held at 32 ± 1°C from days 22 to 42 and fed the basal diet containing variable levels of betaine. Broilers were examined at days 28, 35 and 42 for body weight, feed consumption, fat deposition and serum lipids. The CONT and betaine‐supplemented groups showed higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) feed consumption, body weight gain, and lower feed : gain ratio compared with the HS‐CONT group. Meanwhile, heat stress increased abdominal, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition, whereas the supplemental betaine significantly decreased those compared with the HS‐CONT group. Additionally, betaine supplementation significantly decreased triglyceride, free fatty acids, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HS‐CONT. Chronic HS reduces broiler production performance. However, betaine can reverse these negative effects partially and thus improve carcass composition by changing lipid metabolism.     

甜菜碱对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响及其机理研究进展

甜菜碱是一种广泛存在于动植物体内的天然化合物,无毒、无害、无残留、无污染,性质稳定。在动物体内,甜菜碱是高效的甲基供体物质,参与蛋白质和脂肪代谢。日粮中添加甜菜碱可提高猪的生长性能、改善胴体组成和肉质。本文就甜菜碱对生长肥育猪胴体组成的影响及其机理研究作一综述。     

甜菜碱在水产动物中的应用

甜菜碱是一种季胺型生物碱,具有促进动物摄食和生长、提高饲料利用率等功效。本文概述了甜菜碱的作用机理及在水产动物中的应用。     

Effect of dietary betaine on nutrient utilization and partitioning in the young growing feed-restricted pig

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary betaine over a range of concentrations (between 0 and 0.5%) on growth and body composition in young feed-restricted pigs. Betaine is associated with decreased lipid deposition and altered protein utilization in finishing pigs, and it has been suggested that the positive effects of betaine on growth and carcass composition may be greater in energy-restricted pigs. Thirty-two barrows (36 kg, n = 8 pigs per group) were restrictively fed one of four corn-soybean meal-skim milk based diets (18.6% crude protein, 3.23 Mcal ME/kg) and supplemented with 0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% betaine. Feed allotment was adjusted weekly according to BW, such that average feed intake was approximately 1.7 kg for all groups. At 64 kg, pigs were slaughtered and visceral tissue was removed and weighed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h to obtain carcass measurements. Subsequently, one-half of each carcass and whole visceral tissue were ground for chemical analysis. Linear regression analysis indicated that, as betaine content of the diet was elevated from 0 to 0.5%, carcass fat concentration (P = 0.06), P3 fat depth (P = 0.14) and viscera weight (P = 0.129) were decreased, whereas total carcass protein (P = 0.124), protein deposition rate (P = 0.98), and lean gain efficiency (P = 0.115) were increased. The greatest differences over control pigs were observed in pigs consuming 0.5% betaine, where carcass fat concentration and P3 fat depth were decreased by 10 and 26%, respectively. Other fat depth measurements were not different (P > 0.15) from those of control pigs. In addition, pigs consuming the highest betaine level had a 19% increase in the carcass protein:fat ratio, 23% higher carcass protein deposition rate, and a 24% increase in lean gain efficiency compared with controls. Dietary betaine had no effects (P > 0.15) on growth performance, visceral tissue chemical composition, carcass fat deposition rate, visceral fat and protein deposition rates, or serum urea and ammonia concentrations. These data suggest that betaine alters nutrient partitioning such that carcass protein deposition is enhanced at the expense of carcass fat and in part, visceral tissue.     

甜菜碱促蛋鸡产蛋的内分泌作用机制

将512和300日龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为2组，分别饲喂添加甜菜碱0、800mg/kg的2种饲粮，于试验30、80d采血和屠宰，探讨了甜菜碱保产蛋的内分泌作用机制。结果显示，日粮中添加甜菜碱30、80d，均可显著提高产蛋鸡腺垂体和血清中FSH、LH含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；显著提高血清中T3、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P4）的含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；显著提高下丘脑和腺垂体中cAMP含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。日粮中添加甜菜碱80d，可显著提高产蛋鸡血清中甲状旁腺激素（PTH）含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。日粮中添加甜菜碱对血清中T4含量无明显影响。