冬瓜嫁接育苗技术研究

华南地区冬瓜生产存在的主要问题是老菜区枯萎病严重以及早春寒潮和低温的侵袭。为提高冬瓜抗枯萎病能力和耐寒性 ,近年来在华南地区的冬瓜集中产区开始采用嫁接技术 ,但由于冬瓜嫁接成活率不高等原因 ,该项技术难以大面积推广。本试验针对华南地区高温、多雨、潮湿的气候特点 ,对如何提高冬瓜嫁接成活率进行了研究 ,以期建立适合华南地区气候特点的冬瓜嫁接技术体系 ,为嫁接技术在冬瓜生产上的应用提供参考。1　材料与方法1.1　试验材料　砧木材料 :黑籽南瓜 (云南省种子公司提供 )、14号瓠瓜 (广东农家品种 )、日本南瓜(デリシヤス ,日本…     

山椒嫁接育苗技术研究

以葡萄山椒、朝仓山椒和琉锦山椒为接穗,以1、2、3a生国内花椒实生苗为砧木,以5a生国内花椒进行高接,研究了嫁接时间、砧木年龄、砧木萌芽的去留对嫁接成活及生长的影响。结果表明:嫁接时间对山椒成活率和生长量影响显著,4月9日前后嫁接山椒为宜;山椒品种间嫁接成活率和生长量存在差异,朝仓山椒的成活率最高,生长量最大,琉锦山椒次之,葡萄山椒最小;砧木年龄对山椒的嫁接成活率影响极显著,1a生国内花椒砧木嫁接的山椒成活率最高。及时去除砧木上的萌芽可显著提高山椒嫁接成活率及生长量。     

日本栗嫁接育苗试验

广东省从 1994年开始引种日本栗 ,然而 ,日本栗在中国南方板栗砧木上嫁接成活率极低 ,不到2 0 %。东源县 1995年用中国南方板栗作砧木嫁接4万株日本栗 ,出圃不足 0 5万株 ,成苗率 12 %左右。阳山县 1996年用中国南方板栗作砧木嫁接了6 0 0 0株日本栗 ,仅出圃 10 0多株 ,成苗率不到 2 %。本试验就如何提高日本栗嫁接成活率进行了研究。1　材料与方法　　 1997— 1998年在广东省农业科学院果树所进行试验。日本栗为银寄、国见、筑波、紫峰和丹泽等5个品种。砧木为河源油栗、江西板栗、湖北板栗和丹东栗。试验就砧木、嫁接方法、嫁接时间、接…     

板栗春季嫁接技术

1嫁接时期适宜的嫁接时期是砧木芽体萌动至膨大而没有展叶时。如果嫁接过早,温度低,接穗在外部裸露时间长,影响成活率;若嫁接过晚,砧木已经展叶,此时气温高,虽然愈合快,成活率也高,但砧木在展叶时已经消耗大量营养,嫁接成活后生长量小,枝条衰弱,结果晚。     

柿树嫁接育苗技术研究

2012~2014年对柿树嫁接育苗进行了研究,结果表明,适宜的嫁接方法、时间和捆绑材料是提高柿树嫁接成活率的重要保证和措施。     

西瓜嫁接育苗技术

在西瓜栽培中,特别是保护地栽培中,如地块达不到轮作年限,枯萎病会逐年加重,因此必须使用嫁接苗.嫁接苗可有效地避免枯萎病发生,使西瓜连作有了可能;且嫁接苗可大幅度提高产量,具有较强的耐寒能力.     

枣树不同嫁接技术对成活率的影响

红枣业是临县经济发展的主导产业,其栽培面积、产量均居山西首位。但是,以木枣品种为主的临县红枣由于个小、肉薄、质量差,严重地制约着枣农的经济效益,所以,改良枣树劣质品种已成为发展高效优质红枣产业的当务之急。为此,我们进行了枣树不同嫁接技术对成活率影响的试验。1　材     

枣树嫁接育苗技术

嫁接育苗是目前世界各国最常用的培育良种果苗的方法 ,用于枣苗培育也有繁育率高、育苗速度快、遗传性状稳定、结果较早等优点。1　砧木种类的选择　　适用砧木有本砧、酸枣和铜钱树。本砧是指品种根蘖苗或播种育成的实生苗 ;酸枣包括野生的酸枣苗和播种培育的实生苗。它们具有适应性广、抗逆性强的特性 ,而且根系发达 ,嫁接成活率高 ,取材容易 ,适于广泛利用。铜钱树是鼠李科马甲子属植物。种子繁殖时 ,生长快 ,根系发达 ,抗病虫 ,喜湿 ,不耐干旱 ;嫁接枣树成活率 80 %以上 ,而且生长健旺 ,结果早 ,产量高 ,适于长江以南地区应用。2　砧苗…     

开心果嫁接育苗技术

开心果系阿月浑子的商品名称,为漆树科黄连木属落叶小乔木,是世界珍贵的木本油料果树。果实有很高的经济价值,近年来畅销的“美国开心果”即是人工选育的优良品种。阿月浑子具有抗寒、抗旱、耐热、耐瘠薄、抗风、抗污染的优良特性,原产亚洲中部及西南部海拔500～2000米的干旱山坡及半沙漠地区,在我国仅局限于新疆     

Seasonal rooting behaviour of cuttings of plum cultivars as influenced by IBA treatments

The response to IBA treatments in different planting seasons of four plum cultivars, as measured by rooting and field establishment, was investigated during 1986 and 1987. Among the four cultivars, ‘Santa Rosa’ gave the largest rooting percentage, number of primary and secondary roots per cutting, length and diameter of roots and field survival. The European cultivars ‘Greengage’ and ‘Early Transparent Gage’ showed poor rooting and field establishment. The cuttings planted during summer under mist gave better rooting and field establishment than dormant season- or autumn-planted cuttings. Similarly, IBA treatment of cuttings with 2000 mg l⁻¹ during summer and 3000 mg l⁻¹ during dormant and autumn seasons gave the largest rooting and survival percentages, high numbers of primary and secondary roots per cutting, and greater length and diameter of primary roots.     

温度对GF43李离体保存中老化作用的影响

 研究了不同温度对GF₄₃李( ^{_{Prunus domestica}} L. ) 试管苗生长及老化过程的影响。结果表明在16 ℃保存条件下GF₄₃试管苗的营养生长缓慢, 8 ℃保存GF₄₃试管苗的营养生长极缓慢, SOD、CAT 和POD 等保护酶系统的活性维持较高水平, 体内O₂ 自由基、丙二醛(MDA) 含量较低, 细胞膜结构相对稳定, 从而延缓了试管苗的衰老, 延长了两次继代之间的时间, 对试管苗的保存十分有利。     

欧李嫁接成活率的比较研究

以欧李为材料,研究了不同时期,采用不同嫁接方法嫁接欧李的成活率。结果表明:欧李嫁接所用砧木以毛樱桃、毛桃成活率较高,山桃次之,山杏最低。在同一砧木上,嵌芽接、腹接、劈接的成活率依次降低。每种嫁接方法都有其最佳嫁接时期,在昌黎地区,嵌芽接在3月20～25日成活率最高;腹接和劈接在3月25～30日成活率最高;T形芽接在6月20～25日成活率最高。     

金花茶嫁接繁殖试验研究

以普通金花茶、显脉金花茶和细叶金花茶为接穗,以普通油茶为砧木,进行影响金花茶嫁接繁殖成活率因子的试验研究。结果表明:不同金花茶品种类型、嫁接时期、接穗木质化程度、光照和湿度等因子对金花茶嫁接繁殖成活率均存在较大影响。3种不同的金花茶品种类型中,细叶金花茶的嫁接成活率最高;5~6月是金花茶嫁接的最佳时机;金花茶嫁接接穗以半木质化至木质化为好;温度25℃左右,光照(透光度)15%~25%、空气相对湿度85%~90%是金花茶嫁接苗的适宜培养环境条件。     

Identification of S-haplotypes of European cultivars of sour cherry

The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S₁, S_1?, S₄, S₆, S_6m, S_6m2, S₉, S₁₂, S₁₃, S_13?, S₂₆, S₃₅, S_36a, S_36b, and S_36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S_13? (61.9%), S_36a (57.1%), and S₂₆ (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses.     

Phenotypic variability and genetic structure in plum (Prunus domestica L.), cherry plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and sloe (P. spinosa L.)

In the present study, phenotypic variability of 80 plum (Prunus domestica L.) varieties maintained in the French National Plum Collection was evaluated with 19 quantitative traits. In addition, genetic diversity and genetic structure was studied in three plum species (P. domestica L., Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus spinosa L.) using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers and five single sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Based on phenotypic traits, some varieties, such as mirabelle plums, grouped together. Bayesian structure analysis was used to identify different genetic groups, whereby damson plums were clearly distinguished from greengage plums. When examining the three species together, a higher level of cpDNA allelic richness was found in P. cerasifera and in P. spinosa than in P. domestica where only five cpDNA haplotypes were detected in the national plum collection, with one main haplotype that accounted for 80% of the varieties studied. P. domestica cpDNA haplotypes tended to group together with P. cerasifera haplotypes whereas most of P. spinosa haplotypes formed a separate cluster. SSR markers were somewhat able to distinguish the three species. These results provide some clues as to the origin of plum and the various plum varieties. Our results also provide useful information for the management of plum genetic resources.     

果树嫁接的优势及关键技术

嫁接是果树无性繁殖的方法之一,即采取优良品种植株上的枝或芽接到另一植株的适当部位,使两者结合而生成新的植株。文章总结了嫁接在保持品种优良形状、丰产和提高抗逆性等方面的优势,介绍了常见的三种嫁接方法(T型芽接、木质芽接、插皮舌接);在此基础上提出了选择合适嫁接材料、注意嫁接时间、选择合适的嫁接方法、选取合适的生长点等提高嫁接成活率的措施。     

双断根嫁接对辣椒嫁接苗愈合及生长的影响

以"巨根"辣椒为砧木,"龙椒六号"辣椒为接穗,以砧木不断根常规嫁接和辣椒自根苗分别作为对照,研究双断根套管嫁接方法对辣椒嫁接苗愈合及苗期生长的影响,以期为辣椒种植提供参考依据。结果表明:双断根套管嫁接可有效预防辣椒嫁接苗的徒长,显著提高壮苗指数。辣椒双断根套管嫁接时,砧木与接穗结合部的伤口愈合与砧木根系再生同时进行。嫁接可以有效提高根系活力,采取双断根套管嫁接后根系活力的提升更显著,根系活力随着嫁接时间的延长呈现降低趋势,双断根套管嫁接始终显著高于常规嫁接苗。2种嫁接方法之间的输导组织运输能力差异不显著;与自根苗相比,2种嫁接方法的输导能力在结合部愈合前期显著降低,在结合部完全愈合、嫁接苗成活后(嫁接后20 d)输导能力显著提高,且双断根方法略高于常规嫁接。     

嫁接对寒地棚室茄子根际土壤微生物的影响

以"托鲁巴姆"茄子为砧木,以"龙园棚茄一号"为接穗,研究了嫁接技术对连作棚室茄子根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明:随着连作年限的增加,未嫁接茄子根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌的数量明显降低,而真菌数量则明显增加,采用"托鲁巴姆"为砧木嫁接后与未嫁接相比,土壤中的细菌和放线菌稍有降低,但基本上仍维持在较高水平,真菌略有增加,土壤中的微生物数量基本上维持在相对平衡的水平。     

中华金叶榆最晚枝接时间确定试验初报

在不同时间采取中华金叶榆接穗进行嫁接试验,确定中华金叶榆品种的最晚嫁接时间和接穗加工时间。结果表明:中华金叶榆采用插皮枝接,接穗从母树上随采随加工随嫁接,可以一直延续到6月上旬进行。