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近年来,无公害省力化苹果种植模式和绿色病虫害综合防控技术愈来愈受到重视,是我国苹果节本提质增效的关键。主要论述无公害省力化苹果栽培模式建园技术、适宜砧穗组合选择、土肥水管理、整形修剪及病虫害综合防控等苹果种植技术要点,以期为我国苹果产业转型升级提供参考。 相似文献
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<正>2012年以来,红河州蒙自市西北勒乡苹果口感好、价格高,深受消费者青睐,受其影响和启发,在惠农政策支持下,泸西县开始发展苹果种植,截至2021年底,泸西已发展苹果1 333.33 hm2。但由于栽培管理技术水平不高、投入成本过大、见效慢等诸多不利因素的影响,果农生产积极性受挫,甚至毁园现象开始出现。为有效促进苹果产业健康发展,笔者近年来对全县苹果园进行了调查走访,摸清苹果栽培现状,并分析生产管理中存在的问题,提出改进栽培管理的技术措施。供苹果种植者参考。 相似文献
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苹果不仅具有较高的营养价值,并且还有较高的产量和生存能力,随着当前我国苹果种植规模的不断扩大,如何进一步提高苹果种植栽培的质量和产量开始逐渐成为广大农户所关注的一个问题。基于此,本文主要对苹果树种植管理要点和病虫害防治方法进行了介绍。 相似文献
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一、中国苹果栽培的历史与产业发展现状中国是世界上苹果属植物最丰富的国家,在苹果属植物中,作为果树栽培的有苹果、沙果、海棠果等多种。据文献记载,我国的苹果栽培历史至少已有2000多年。最初称为柰,在汉代的上林苑中所种植的柰,已有三个品种。到了公元3世纪,中国西北地区,特别是河西走廊一带已经大量栽培苹果属果树了。19世纪中叶以后,国外大苹果品种通过西方的传教士引入中国,经过当地群众的选育、繁殖、推广,已有一定的规模。尽管栽培历史短,但发展速度很快。1952年,我国苹果产量只有11.8万吨。2001年苹果面积发展到206.62万公顷,产量… 相似文献
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D. A. Holland D. W. P. Greenham 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):24-34
Following the grubbing of a mature orchard of Bramley’s Seedling apples an investigation was made into the effects of deep (18 in.) or shallow (9 in.) ploughing immediately after grubbing, and of rich or poor manuring during the ensuing seven-year period of arable cropping, on the restoration of uniformity of the soil and its suitability for further experimentation on apples.The effects of these treatments were assessed through a study of the variation of an apple indicator crop planted at the end of the period of arable cropping and are discussed in the light of the results previously observed after only three years of arable cropping.There was some indication of a “distance-from-former-tree-site” gradient in growth which was reduced by either deep ploughing or rich manuring.The contribution of the residual-pattern effect ot the previous orchard to the total variability of the apple indicator crop was small in comparison with the random component of variability.Random variation was slightly increased by deep ploughing or rich manuring, offsetting the reduction in intensity of residual pattern so that total variability in size of indicator plants was largely unaffected by cultural treatment. 相似文献
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平原低洼地一般土壤比较肥沃,水源充足。建园后苹果树生长发育良好,树体高大,根系深。但低洼地种植苹果,因为所处环境的关系,更容易出现病虫害,本文分析了低洼地不利因素对苹果生长的影响,进而从加强排涝、防治病虫害及土壤改良等几个方面探讨了平原低洼地苹果园的雨季管理措施。 相似文献
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通过对长武县苹果生产管理的详细记录,分析了苹果生产成本构成及比例。结果表明:苹果生产成本中用工投入居于首位达54.2%,其次为化肥、果袋,分别达26.7%、16%。在用工成本中以套袋费用最高24.8%,其次是采果22.1%,第三是施肥14.3%,第四是冬季修剪12.7%。由于生产成本的加大,导致果园投入产出比严重下降,因此要推广先进的种植技术,改革旧的栽培模式,降低苹果生产成本、增加收益,才能进一步促进长武县及渭北苹果生产的发展。 相似文献
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苹果黑点病(黑点症)主要发生在套袋苹果上,发生率高达90%。为进一步确定套袋苹果黑点症的危害因子,2003-2005年进行了调查、模拟昆虫危害、室内培养、药剂试验等研究。结果表明,调查套袋苹果上和果袋内的害虫数量总计为2079头,其中乱跗线螨占91.8%;乱跗线螨的发生与“黑点症”症状的出现密切相关,而康氏粉蚧和甲螨没有此相关性;刺孔试验出现了与苹果“黑点症”相同的危害状;在使用化学杀螨剂的化防果园苹果“黑点症”的发生率仅为12%;“黑点症”病斑处的黑点并不随着果实的生长而扩展,在室内高湿培养下亦不扩展,这一点不同于其他病害的发展规律。综上所述,乱跗线螨(Tarsonemus confusus Ewing)是套袋苹果“黑点症”的危害因子之一。 相似文献
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Eva N. Jensen Tine Buch-Andersen Gitte Ravn-Haren 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):34-41
SummaryEvidence suggests that a high intake of fruits is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lowered plasma cholesterol, but the specific effects of individual types of fruit, fruit fractions, and processed fruit are less well-studied. Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits, and human and animal studies on apple may help to clarify the effect of this fruit on CVD risk markers. The aim of this mini-review is to summarise current evidence for a lowering effect of apple on the risk of CVD and plasma cholesterol levels, and to investigate whether such an effect is influenced by fruit processing or the form of intake. Possible mechanisms behind the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples are also considered. All relevant published experimental studies in humans and animals were identified within the open literature. Nine human studies were identified, of which four concerned the effects of whole apples, two the effects of dried apples, and three the effects of filtered apple juice. Additional studies considered specific apple components. In general, there was a cholesterol-lowering effect, in the range of 5 – 8%, after the intake of approx. three whole apples, whereas the consumption of apple juice (375 – 720 ml) had no effect on plasma cholesterol levels and may result in adverse effects on plasma triglyceride levels. Limitations in the study designs did not allow us to draw conclusions on the effect of the intake of whole, dried apples (15 – 52 g). We also identified a total of nine experimental studies in animal models. Feeding with apple products resulted in decreased levels of plasma (11 – 43%) and liver (23 – 67%) cholesterol in the majority of studies. There was an increased excretion of bile acids (3 – 56%) and cholesterol (5 – 41%) in rats fed with apple products. Based on the current evidence from human observational and intervention studies, it seems likely that a reduction in plasma total and LDL cholesterol occurs after a dietary intake of apples, which could lead to a decreased risk of CVD. On average, a daily intake of approx. three apples resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol of 5 – 8% (approx. 0.5 mmol l?1). The consumption of filtered apple juice may result in adverse effects on plasma triglyceride levels. Evidence from animal studies suggests that the major mechanism behind the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples involves an increased clearance of plasma cholesterol due to enhanced faecal excretion of bile acids and cholesterol. 相似文献
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SH系列苹果矮化砧性状及生理特性的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
SH系列苹果矮化砧是国光与河南海棠种间杂交育成。杂种无性系自根砧嫁接苗于1982年秋定植,嫁接品种为羽红、金冠。经连续7年的生物学特性、物候期等方面的观察研究及一些主要生理指标的测定分析表明,SH系苹果矮化砧嫁接品种比对照M_7和M_9作钻木抗逆性强、进入开花结果期早、成花能力强、早期丰产、果实着色成熟期提前、外观艳丽、风味浓郁、可溶性固形物含量高;并具有萌芽开花期晚,新梢停长、落叶期早,叶片肥厚,比叶重大,叶绿素含量高,净光合效率强,在干旱条件下,叶片水势,气孔阻力大、蒸腾强度小等生理特性。SH系矮化砧已批量繁殖,已在全国10省、市苹果主产区进行区试和推广。 相似文献
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