新孢子虫dNcSRS2重组蛋白间接ELISA的建立及其应用

利用新孢子虫体外重组表面蛋白dNcSRS2蛋白作为包被抗原，对各项条件进行优化，确定判定标准，建立了检测新孢子虫血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。经对多例血清检测表明，所建立的诊断试剂盒重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高，与进口的IFAT及两种商品化ELISA试剂盒的检测结果相比较，符合率均达到92％以上。应用建立的ELISA方法对236份奶牛血清的新孢子虫抗体进行检测，阳性率为22％。这是国内首次利用重组蛋白建立的诊断试剂盒，该方法的建立将为牛新孢子虫病的诊断与流行病学调查提供有效的技术手段。     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2重组蛋白的实验室保存及其应用

为了探究犬新孢子虫NcSRS2表面抗原不同阶段的检测特性和菌株的保存期,根据已纯化的抗原和保存的菌株进行包被检测和蛋白纯化,将扩培纯化后得到的蛋白NcSRS2与课题组前期每年纯化保存的抗原进行对比检测,对菌株的要求和抗原各方面表达的条件进行筛选、使其标准化后,筛选出了最佳工作浓度的抗原。结果表明:菌株和蛋白与30%的甘油按一定比例保存在-20℃的时间为2年。将同批次的抗原应用于临床样品的检测,初次较系统地掌握了该病在巴州大部分地区流行的情况,其新孢子虫病总感染率为15.36%。本次保存期的探究不仅节约了反复纯化造成的浪费,而且保证了蛋白后续试验交接过程中不会造成蛋白的流失和大幅度的降解。     

抗隐孢子虫卵黄抗体制备及间接ELISA方法建立

用纯化的隐孢子虫卵囊,经反复冻融、冰浴超声波处理制备免疫抗原,免疫产蛋鸡,收集免疫后的鸡蛋,采用水稀释二步硫酸铵法纯化IgY抗体,用棋盘滴定法建立的间接ELISA方法测得IgY抗体的效价为1∶12 800,经ELISA检测,该抗体特异性强、重复性好,可用于隐孢子虫抗体检测及流行病学调查。     

应用间接ELISA方法检测牛新孢子虫抗体的研究

新孢子虫病(Neosporosis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)或类新孢子虫(Neosporalike)寄生于宿主动物所引起的多种家畜共患的一种原虫病[1].它可引起孕畜流产或死胎以及新生儿的运动障碍和神经系统疾病[2].目前,国外已研制出ELISA诊断试剂盒,但价格昂贵,不适合临床推广应用.而国内虽然建立了多种血清学诊断方法,但所用抗原均为重组蛋白,其敏感性、特异性将会受到不同程度的影响.因此,针对上述问题,试验对新孢子虫虫体抗原进行了分析,并应用新孢子虫虫特异性抗原建立了特异、敏感、稳定的血清学诊断方法,旨在为今后新孢子虫病的诊断和预防研究奠定基础.     

以CP23重组蛋白为抗原建立检测微小隐孢子虫抗体间接ELISA方法的研究

摘要：以在E.coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CP23为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E.coli表达的CP23抗原包被酶标板，用10％免血清进行封闭，以正常E.coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。实验表明应用CP23重组蛋白作为诊断C.parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法的建立

以在E．coli高效表达的微小隐孢子虫子孢子表面抗原CPl5／60为抗原，以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测微小隐孢子虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经检测筛选出最佳反应条件为1μg／孔纯化的E．coli表达的CPl5／60抗原包被酶标板，用10％的兔血清进行封闭，以正常E．coli裂解上清液稀释待检血清。结果表明应用CPl5／60重组蛋白作为诊断C．parvum抗原具有特异性高、抗原易纯化和成本低等特点。     

应用间接ELISA检测动物隐孢子虫病抗体

分别应用蔗糖和氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化小型隐孢子虫（ Ｃｒｙｐ ｔｏｓｐ ｏｒｉｄｉｕｍ ｐ ａｒｖｕｍ ）卵囊,获得高纯度的抗原,建立了用间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测动物隐孢子虫病抗体的方法。抗原最适包被质量浓度是 ５．０ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ,待检血清最佳稀释度是 １∶１００,明胶封闭体积分数和作用时间分别为 １％ 和 ６０ｍ ｉｎ。试验证明,该法具有快速、简便、特异和重复性好等优点。     

表达牛源犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因重组腺病毒的构建及免疫原性分析

为构建牛源犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因重组腺病毒,并分析其免疫原性,PCR扩增牛源犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因,构建克隆质粒pMD18-T-NcSRS2、重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pCR259-NcSRS2及表达质粒Transpose-AdNcSRS2,脂质体介导转染QBI-HEK293细胞,包装重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSRS2,PCR检测重组腺病毒NcSRS2基因,IFAT和Western blotting检测NcSRS2基因在QBI-HEK293细胞中的表达,测定病毒滴度后,收集病毒液免疫BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA检测小鼠血清IgG抗体水平.结果显示,扩增的牛源犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因大小为1 227 bp,与GenBank中发表的NcSRS2( AF061249)核苷酸序列相似性为99％;重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSRS2在293细胞中包装成功,表达蛋白的相对分子质量为43 ku,具有较好的反应原性;测得重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSRS2滴度为109TCID50·mL-1,间接ELISA检测二免后3周BALB/c小鼠血清中IgG抗体效价达1 ∶ 2 048.本研究成功构建了具有良好免疫原性的重组腺病毒Ad5-NcSRS2,为牛源犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因重组腺病毒载体疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

基于重组蛋白SP41的布鲁氏菌间接ELISA检测方法的建立及初步应用

对布鲁氏菌黏附素SP41蛋白进行表达、纯化,以表达重组蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测布鲁氏菌病绵羊血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。克隆布鲁氏菌SP41基因,PRC、酶切、测序鉴定正确后,构建pET-32a(+)-SP41原核表达载体,转化表达菌E.coliBL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达重组SP41蛋白,纯化表达产物后包被酶标反应板,方阵滴定法进行最佳血清稀释度和最侍抗原浓度的筛选,结果显示重组蛋白SP41最佳抗原包被浓度为0.6mg/L,最佳血清稀释度为1:50。交叉试验、阻断试验、重复性试验表明,该方法重复性好、特异性强。利用此方法检测217份绵羊血清样本,结果表明该方法的阳性检出率要高于虎红平板试验和试管凝集试验。     

新孢子虫NcSRS2基因的克隆和亚克隆

新孢子虫病是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄生于牛、羊、犬等多种动物细胞内引起的一种原虫病.犬新孢子虫的终末宿主主要为犬,也有山狗作为其终末宿主的报道;中间宿主种类繁多,包括犬、牛、羊、马等家畜及灰狐、红狐、南美洲负鼠等多种野生动物.新孢子虫病可以引起孕畜流产、死胎以及新生儿的运动障碍和神经系统疾病,尤其是奶牛的流产,给养牛业带来了巨大的经济损失.     

奶牛新孢子虫病血清流行病学调查

本研究用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对采集自北京地区的94份奶牛血清（随机采集）和河北地区的55份奶牛血清（有流产史奶牛），进行Neospora caninum血清抗体检测。结果发现，北京地区随机采集的奶牛血清N．caninum抗体阳性率为18．1％（17／94），河北地区有流产史的奶牛N．caninum血清抗体阳性率为23．6％（13／55）。采用牛奶记录体系（DHI）对北京地区17头N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛进行了日产奶量、乳中蛋白率和乳脂率的测定，并与同群牛中134头阴性牛比较。结果表明，N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛日产奶量比阴性牛降低9．7％，乳中蛋白率和乳脂率分别降低20％和15．4％。初步证明N．caninum血清抗体阳性奶牛产奶量降低及奶品质的下降。对不同N．caninum抗体滴度阳性牛的泌乳期主要生产性能比较发现，其生产性能的变化与抗体滴度无明显相关性。     

新孢子虫NcSRS2基因的亚克隆和表达

本研究根据NcSRS2基因序列设计合成一对引物,将上、下游引物分别引入EcoRI,XhoI酶切位点,用PCR技术从pGEX-NcSRS2重组质粒扩增截去N端疏水氨基酸序列NcSRS2的基因片段（以下称dNcSRS2）,插入到pGEX-6p-1质粒的多克隆位点,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,于氨苄阳性LB培养平板上筛选阳性克隆,酶切及PCR鉴定;经IPTG诱导在E.coli中表达,用SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物并纯化.结果表明,新孢子虫dNcSRS2基因体外扩增产物与预期值相符,约1041bp;所构建pGEX-dNcSRS2重组质粒经双酶切与PCR鉴定,与预期结果一致;SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹显示,表达融合蛋白的分子量约为62.6 kD,表达效率为32.3%,该蛋白具有特异的免疫反应性,为新孢子虫病诊断试剂盒的研制和疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

Development of an indirect ELISA-NcSRS2 for detection of Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle

Neosporosis is of alarming economic concern in the cattle industry. The effectiveness of diagnostic tests for detecting specific antibodies against Neospora caninum is hampered by potential cross-reaction with other coccidia. Use of a single specific antigen might improve test specificity. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using the truncated protein NcSRS2 expressed in Escherichia coli. The ELISA results were compared with those of the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Tests in the Absence of a Gold Standard (TAGS) analysis revealed an assay having 96% specificity and 95% sensitivity when applied to 145 positive and 352 negative sera from two distinct cattle populations. Using OD ≤ 0.095 as the cut-off point, the assay's negative and positive predictive values ranged from 98.8% to 50.8% and from 58.8% to 99.1%, respectively, depending on neosporosis prevalence in a given area. The novel ELISA-NcSRS2 format described in the present report constitutes a specific and sensitive method for detecting N. caninum in cattle.     

Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy cattle in central Thailand

The seroprevalence, in dairy cattle, of antibodies to Neospora caninum, the relationship between seropositivity and age (heifer versus cow), the relationship of herd infection with herd size and the relationship of herd infection with the presence of dogs on the farm were studied. The study involved 549 cows and 82 dogs in 59 dairy herds in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with NC-specific monoclonal antibody was used to detect the NC antibodies in the sera. Individual and herd seroprevalence of NC were 5.5% (30/549) and 34% (20/59), respectively. No significant relationships between NC seropositivity with the age of the cows (heifer versus cow; P > 0.05) and between herd infection and the presence of dogs on the farm (P > 0.05) were found. Herd size significantly affected herd infection (P < 0.05) with higher infection in large than small herds (> or = 21 versus < or = 20 cows). Of 12 cows with a history of abortion, one was seropositive to NC. The seroprevalence of NC antibodies in dogs was 1.2% (1/82). This is the first NC seroprevalence study in dogs in Thailand. It was concluded that Neospora infection was more common at the herd level rather than the individual level in Thailand and the presence of dogs on the farm was not related to the level of herd infection. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of serological tests from the farm dogs.     

Udder health in dairy cattle infected with Neospora caninum

Blood samples were collected from 3449 cows on 57 representative Ontario dairy herds during the summer of 1998 and analysed for antibody to Neospora caninum using an ELISA. Forty-eight herds (2742 cattle) contained at least one N. caninum-seropositive animal. Two composite milk samples were collected from all cattle: the first on the day of blood collection and the second 68 to 365 days later. All milk samples were submitted for bacteriological culture. Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement Corporation (DHI) data were available for 3162 cattle in the 57 herds at the time of bleeding. Furthermore, complete DHI data were available for 1658 cattle that were culled between 12 and 24 months following blood collection. Using a standardised ELISA sample-to-positive (S/P) cut-off of ≥0.45, the corrected seroprevalence was 8.2% overall and 10.1% within seropositive herds. At blood collection the odds of N. caninum-seropositive cows having a high linear score (≥4.0; equivalent to a somatic cell count ≥200,000 cells/ml) was 27% less than for seronegative animals. Similarly, at the time of culling, the odds of having a high linear score was 22% less in N. caninum-seropositive cattle. Overall, linear score was lower in N. caninum-seropositive cattle at culling. After controlling for herd, parity, days in milk, and the interval between collection of milk samples, the odds of N. caninum-seropositive cattle testing positive for an environmental pathogen (i.e. environmental Streptococcus species and coliforms) on the second milk sample was 56% less than for seronegative animals. The odds were 83% less at a higher ELISA S/P cut-off of ≥0.70. Finally, the odds of N. caninum-seropositive cattle developing a new infection with a major pathogen (environmental or contagious) were 60% less than seronegative cows using the higher ELISA S/P cut-off.     

Monensin use against Neospora caninum challenge in dairy cattle

Using a randomized controlled trial design, a randomly allocated intervention group of 15 cows received a slow-release bolus that delivered 100 days of monensin. The negative control group of 15 cows received a placebo bolus that was identical to the monensin bolus, except without the monensin. Two weeks after bolus administration, all cows were challenged with a 2 ml subcutaneous injection of a live tachyzoite suspension. Whole blood and serum samples were collected from each cow every week for the first month post-challenge, and then every 2 weeks for the next 2 months. The extracted DNA from whole blood was tested for the Nc-5 gene fragment of Neospora caninum using a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Serum was tested for antibodies to N. caninum using the IDEXX ELISA. Cows treated with monensin boluses had a significantly lower humoral immune response than cows treated with placebo boluses at one time point post-challenge (week 4 post-challenge). However, when adjusting for repeated measures within cows, the P value for this humoral difference was 0.098. No DNA for N. caninum was detected in either group, likely due to study design features.     

Nationwide seroprevalence of Neospora caninum among dairy cattle in Japan

Serum samples from 2420 clinically healthy dairy cattle, randomly selected from stored sera in 18 districts of Japan, were tested for the presence of Neospora caninum antibodies using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (titer > or =1:200). Nationwide seroprevalence is estimated at 5.7% (139/2420). Seropositive cattle were detected in all surveyed districts despite the evidence of confirmed case reports of bovine neosporosis, showing that N. caninum is widely distributed throughout Japan. Age-specific seroprevalence did not increase with cattle age, suggesting that Neospora infection is likely to be transmitted vertically rather than horizontally in Japan. Considering that N. caninum seropositive cows are thought to be more likely to abort, substantial fetal losses may be induced by N. caninum infection in Japan. Devising strategies are needed to reduce the economic impact on the Japanese dairy industry. This is the first study to investigate the nationwide seroprevalence of N. caninum in cattle in Asia.     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因真核表达质粒的构建

根据犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列，设计了1对含有Kozak序列、PstⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点的引物，以含有NcSRS2基因的质粒P43为模板，经PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段，用PstⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切该片段，回收得到含有以上2个酶切位点黏端的NcSR2 ORF基因，将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的pcDNA3．1（＋）真核表达载体中，获得重组质粒pcNCSRS2。经PCR鉴定、限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定、比较，证实了重组质粒的正确性。     

Neospora caninum and Leptospira serovar serostatus in dairy cattle in Ontario

No significant association existed between Neospora caninum titer and serostatus to Leptospira serovar hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, or pomona in cattle on 78 dairy herds in Ontario. Leptospira titer increased with parity. Amongst herds not vaccinated against Leptospira, the proportions of herds with > or = 1 animal seropositive to serovar hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, or pomona were 45%, 42%, and 58%, respectively.     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因原核表达质粒的构建

根据已发表的犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列,设计1对含有EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点的引物。以提取犬新孢子虫虫体基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段,将此基因片段克隆到pMD18-T Simple载体上,用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有两个酶切位点黏端的Nc-SRS2 ORF基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的PGEM-4T-2原核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pGEX-NcSRS2,经PCR鉴定,限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。