共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
MACRAE EK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1961,134(3475):331-332
Two species of planarians were studied by fluorescence microscopy. Red fluorescence of uroporphyrin was observed localized in the epidermal rhabdites and subepidermal rhabdite-containing gland cells. Fluorescence was observed in isolated rhabdites of homogenates, but was not seen in rhabdites of the living animal. The identity of rhabdites was established by their location, shape, size, and acid-ophilic staining properties. 相似文献
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Fissioning in planarians: control by the brain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reduced population densities lead to increased rates of fissioning in planarians whereas higher population densities suppress fissioning. This effect is not primarily due to mucus deposition or substances secreted into the water. Experiments are presented which show a system of population feedback control. In the presence of other planarians, the brain exerts an influence (probably neurohormonal) to suppress fissioning. This influence becomes attenuated with axial distance from the brain. 相似文献
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Some implications of a mathematical theory relating neuronal geometry to the parameters of excitation in unconditioned response of planarians to electric shock are experimentally verified. The regions and patterns of primary neural excitation depend on the relation between the distribution of neural sizes and the wave form of the electric stimulus. 相似文献
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Tan et al. (Reports, 25 September 2009, p. 1686) argued that loss of tyrosine residues from proteins in metazoans was driven by positive selection to remove potentially deleterious phosphorylation sites. We challenge this hypothesis, providing evidence that the high guanine-cytosine (GC) content of metazoan genomes was the primary driver in the loss of tyrosine residues. 相似文献
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Conditioned planarians were transected and allowed to regenerate in a ribonuclease solution or in pond water. Heads which had regenerated in ribonuclease displayed a retention level equal to that of head and tail sections which had regenerated in pond water. However, tails regenerated in ribonuclease performed randomly although they could be retrained to criterion. 相似文献
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Vogel G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5661):1128-1131
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Scott WB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1886,7(152):13-14
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Speth JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,243(4888):241-242
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When the relative fitness of male and female offspring varies with environmental conditions, evolutionary theory predicts that parents should adjust the sex of their offspring accordingly. Qualitative and even quantitative support for this prediction is striking in some taxa but much less convincing in others. Explaining such variation across taxa in the fit of sex ratio theory remains a major challenge. We use meta-analysis to test the role of two constraints in the evolution of sex ratios. Based on analysis of sex ratio skews in birds and wasps, we show that (i) mechanisms of sex determination do not necessarily constrain the evolution of sex ratio adjustment, and (ii) parental ability to predict their offsprings' environment influences the evolution of sex ratio patterns across taxa. More generally, our results show that multiple constraints may determine the precision of adaptation. 相似文献
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We characterize the evolutionary radiation of planktic foraminifera by the test size distributions of entire assemblages in more than 500 Cenozoic marine sediment samples, including more than 1 million tests. Calibration of Holocene size patterns with environmental parameters and comparisons with Cenozoic paleoproxy data show a consistently positive correlation between test size and surface-water stratification intensity. We infer that the observed macroevolutionary increase in test size of planktic foraminifera through the Cenozoic was an adaptive response to intensifying surface-water stratification in low latitudes, which was driven by polar cooling. 相似文献
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DeLong EF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6080):422-424
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Structural changes in the agriculture and food system have resulted in larger but fewer farms, while increasing populations in urban areas have pushed development into rural areas. Despite these changes, little research has examined the concern of individuals with regards to loss of farmland and how this may vary based on geography. Building on Bell’s argument that the rural–urban continuum still exists and remains an important part of rural residents’ identity, in this article we examine residents’ concern over loss of farmland as a result of urban growth. We pay particularly close attention to urban–rural differences over concern with loss of farmland. Utilizing survey data collected from over 400 households in the Treasure Valley, a region of the western United States, our results indicate that rural residents show greater levels of concern with farmland loss when compared to their urban counterparts. 相似文献
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Kaschube M Schnabel M Löwel S Coppola DM White LE Wolf F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6007):1113-1116
The brain's visual cortex processes information concerning form, pattern, and motion within functional maps that reflect the layout of neuronal circuits. We analyzed functional maps of orientation preference in the ferret, tree shrew, and galago--three species separated since the basal radiation of placental mammals more than 65 million years ago--and found a common organizing principle. A symmetry-based class of models for the self-organization of cortical networks predicts all essential features of the layout of these neuronal circuits, but only if suppressive long-range interactions dominate development. We show mathematically that orientation-selective long-range connectivity can mediate the required interactions. Our results suggest that self-organization has canalized the evolution of the neuronal circuitry underlying orientation preference maps into a single common design. 相似文献
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JERISON HJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1961,133(3457):1012-1014
Empirical equations derived from brain size (E) and body size (P) of archaic-Eocene, Oligocene, and Recent mammals were all of the form, E = kP(2/3); k = 0.03 for the Eocene, 0.06 for the Oligocene, and 0.12 for the Recent groups. It is suggested that k, which has been used as an index of cephalization in contemporary mammals, may be an appropriate measure of brain evolution in the mammals as a class. 相似文献