不同发酵菌种处理对中草药酵素品质及抑菌效果的影响

为揭示不同发酵菌种处理对中草药酵素品质及抑菌效果的影响，本试验采用自然发酵、乳酸菌发酵、酵母菌发酵、乳酸菌和酵母菌混菌发酵4种方法制备金银花、蒲公英、野菊花酵素，通过感官评价和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS~+)清除率考查所得酵素产品品质，并检测其对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的抑制效果。结果显示：3种添加发酵菌种制备的酵素产品感官品质和DPPH自由基、ABTS~+清除率及抑菌效果均高于自然发酵制备的酵素；其中采用乳酸菌发酵制备的中草药酵素产品品质最好，其呈棕红色、鲜亮，有淡淡的酸甜味，口感润滑且后味香醇，与自然发酵产品比，对DPPH自由基、ABTS~+清除率分别提高了36.74%、34.02%,差异显著(P<0.05),对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的抑菌圈直径分别增加了65.84%、92.80%和148.94%,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明：添加0.1 g乳酸菌于37℃发酵15 d制备的金银花、蒲公英、野菊花中草药酵素产品品质最好，且大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌对...     

和美酵素对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

选用204羽1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡,研究和美酵素对肉仔鸡肠道的影响,并探讨其作用机制。将选用的肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复17羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、2组和3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.025%、0.05%和0.075%和美酵素,试验期42 d;在试验第3和第6周,每组随机取6羽鸡(每重复2羽鸡),屠宰取样。结果表明:1)4~6周龄,添加0.025%和0.05%和美酵素提高了日采食量,添加0.075%和美酵素显著提高了采食量。2)4~6周龄和整个试验期,添加0.025%和美酵素显著提高了肉仔鸡平均日增质量,添加0.05%和0.075%和美酵素极显著提高了肉仔鸡的平均日增质量。3)4~6周龄和整个试验期,添加0.025%和美酵素显著降低了肉仔鸡料重比,添加0.05%和0.075%和美酵素极显著降低了肉仔鸡的料重比。4)6周龄时,与对照组相比,添加0.05%和0.075%和美酵素显著提高了腿肌率,添加0.05%和美酵素显著提高了全净膛率,添加0.025%和美酵素显著降低了腹脂率,0.05%和美酵素极显著降低了腹脂率。     

浅谈西宁地区牛羊宰前检疫

自 1996年以来 ,西宁地区先后由集体、个人投资建设了友谊屠宰交易市场、正大股份屠宰市场、联合屠宰交易市场等 7个牛羊定点屠宰交易场所。由于这 7个场所的基础设施落后 ,屠宰与经营活动掺杂在一起 ,先检疫后交易的经营秩序遭到了破坏 ,给动物检疫人员实施检疫工作带来诸多困难和不便 ,影响了宰前检疫工作的开展 ,肉食品质量也难以得到保证。1　西宁地区牛羊宰前检疫的现状青海省年牛羊交易量约为 380多万头只 ,其中有 1 3的牲畜流入西宁进行屠宰和交易。由于西宁地区尚未建立专门的活畜交易市场 ,牛羊交易往往与屠宰环节一并进行 ,把产地…     

添加酵素菌制剂对蛋鸡粪中臭味物质排出量的影响

试验选择576只43周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的酵素菌制剂。于试验8周龄末,采集粪样测定鸡粪中臭气化合物的排出量,评价酵素菌制剂在蛋鸡生产上的除臭效果。结果表明:处理1鸡粪中总有机酸含量、挥发酸含量分别比对照组降低4.48个滴定单位/10g、71.70%(P0.05);处理1、2、3粪中挥发性盐基氮含量分别比对照组降低13.45%、20.39%和25.25%(P0.05);粪中吲哚和粪臭素的含量随酵素菌制剂添加量的增多而降低(P0.05);而处理2和处理3粪中粪臭素含量、粪氨含量比对照组均有显著降低(P0.05)。试验表明,酵素菌制剂能够有效减少鸡粪中臭味物质的排出量,其适宜添加量为0.4%。     

杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵条件及其对山羊的饲喂效果

本试验旨在探究杏鲍菇菌糠与豆粕、麸皮复合发酵基质的适宜发酵条件,并研究其对山羊的饲喂效果。试验1,以杏鲍菇菌糠为主要原料,添加不同比例的麸皮和豆粕(4%和4%、4%和2%、2%和4%、2%和2%),发酵剂使用有效微生物群(EM)原液,将发酵混合原料含水量调节至30%左右,在常温下厌氧发酵12 d后对发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料的发酵品质及营养成分含量进行评定,并测定黄曲霉毒素B1的含量,取最优组合进行饲养试验。试验2,选用60只马头山羊(羯羊),随机分为5组,包括3个试验组和2个对照组,试验组饲粮中发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料比例分别为30%、45%、60%,对照组未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠比例分别为30%和60%,每组3个重复,每个重复4只羊。试验期为45 d,包括5 d预试期和40 d正试期。结果表明:1)豆粕和麸皮添加比例分别为4%和2%的发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料发酵品质最佳,且黄曲霉毒素B1含量较低,与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠相比,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别降低了8.78%、11.56%和18.88%,粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量分别提高了19.32%和8.29%,黄曲霉毒素B1含量低至3.03μg/kg。2)各组山羊的生产性能差异均不显著(P0.05);随着发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例的增加,试验羊的体增重及平均日增重有减少的趋势,料重比和饲料成本有增加的趋势;与未发酵杏鲍菇菌糠添加比例为30%时相比,发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料添加比例为30%时体增重、平均日增重及干物质采食量提高,料重比降低。结果提示,使用EM原液发酵杏鲍菇菌糠,在发酵基质中添加4%的豆粕和2%的麸皮有助于提升发酵品质;发酵杏鲍菇菌糠饲料在山羊饲粮中添加比例以30%为最佳。     

不同厂家硫酸镁对乳酵素发酵的影响

试验采用8个不同厂家的硫酸镁进行乳酵素及MRS液体发酵,通过测定发酵后pH值及乳酸菌活菌数,比较不同厂家硫酸镁对乳酸菌发酵的影响.结果 表明,不同厂家硫酸镁对乳酵素液体发酵pH值和乳酸菌活菌数未产生显著影响(P＞0.05);乳酸菌液体发酵时,硫酸镁对pH值无显著影响(P＞0.05);当添加0.1％硫酸镁时,对乳酸菌活菌...     

慎重使用畜禽下脚料喂狐

<正>近几年,在江苏省盐城市里下河水网地区,有些养狐户利用本地肉联厂、牛羊屠宰厂食品加工厂,炕坊和水产冷冻厂等企业的生产下脚料及废弃物养狐。开辟了动物性饲     

不同发酵剂对牛羊屠宰粪便发酵效果的比较不同发酵剂对牛羊屠宰粪便发酵效果的比较

试验Ⅰ，试验Ⅱ，试验Ⅲ和对照4个组，分别利用A、B、C三种不同复合发酵菌剂，对牛羊屠宰粪便进行堆肥发酵，在发酵过程中比较了不同试验组的温度、水分、挥发性总固体、pH、细菌群落的变化，以及对牧草籽发芽率的影响。这些数据为进一步优势发酵菌荆的选择提供科学依据。     

饲料中添加纤维素酶发酵活干菌制剂对黑羽乌骨鸡生产性能和营养物质消化利用率的影响

试验在黑羽乌骨鸡日粮中添加纤维素酶发酵活干菌,研究对黑羽乌骨鸡生产性能和营养物质消化利用率的影响,结果表明,0.1%添加组、0.2%添加组肉鸡1～14日龄平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率均高于对照组,0.3%添加组均低于对照组,各指标均以添加纤维素酶发酵活干菌制剂0.2%的试验2组效果最好,分别较对照组提高了3.73%、5.41%、16.67%;15～42日龄3个试验组平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率均高于对照组,而以添加纤维素酶发酵活干菌制剂0.2%的试验2组各项指标最好.分别较对照组提高了9.73%、11.58%、6.81%.     

酵素菌肥料生产、使用中的几个问题

对于酵素菌肥料生产、使用中有机质发酵肥料中放线菌来源、加入氮肥、使用方法和防治病虫害等几个长期认识不一致的问题,进行分析,提出看法和意见,对于取得共识、推动酵素菌肥料的推广使用及其自身发展,具有积极的作用和意义.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。