留兰香菌核病发生与防治

留兰香菌核病于1986年在江苏东台地区开始发生，病原菌系半知菌亚门无孢目丝核菌属，留兰香叶片受其为害，腐烂发黑大量脱落，造成严重减产损失，6－7月是头留兰香菌核病的高发期,9－10月为二茬留兰香菌核病的盛发期，阴雨潮湿，促进病原 增殖和传播，植株郁蔽，促使植株抗病力下降，连作重茬，促成病原菌基数增高，积累，降湿灭渍，科学施肥，轮作换茬，合理施肥，清除杂草，这些农业措施对留兰香菌核病的发生均有较好的预防作用，用40％金菌灵胶悬剂，70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和75％百菌清可湿性粉剂喷施留兰香，对菌核病的流行具有很好的控制效果。     

桑椹菌核病的发生规律和防治技术

桑椹因其风味独特、营养丰富、保健效果好,种植效益高达4.5～12万元/hm~2,近年来,桑椹作为鲜食和加工兼用的新兴水果,在浙江省宁波市鄞州区得到了快速的发展。至今,该区已有桑椹果园面积367hm~2,其中投产果园面积193hm~2。但由于发展的“大十果桑”品种易感桑椹菌核病,随着生产规模的扩大和果园树龄的增加,桑椹菌核病的发生日趋严重,严重影响果园的产量和效益。为此,我们在2001     

岳池县油菜菌核病的发生规律及防治对策

岳池县油菜菌核病的发生规律及防治对策伍佐君，王朝升（四川省岳池县植保植捡站）油菜菌核病是岳池县油菜的主要病害，常年发生７万亩左右，特别是近几年随着种植密度的增大，偏施迟施氮肥，致使油菜菌核病发生危害逐年加重。据调查，一般损失１０～３０％，个别年份损失...     

保护地莴苣菌核病的发生及防治技术

保护地莴苣菌核病的发生及防治技术王永山王凤良梁文斌金中时（江苏省大丰市植保站２２４１００）近年，大丰市相继建立了许多蔬菜基地，其中莴苣生产由过去的零星种植，调整为连片种植。过去，由于种植面小、分散，莴苣菌核病的发生一直未被人们重视。但近几年调查发现，...     

绿豆菌核病的发生与防治

绿豆菌核病的发生与防治李钦存杨文君（河南省滑县四间房农业技术推广站,４５６４８７）（滑县农业委员会,４５６４００）庄稼门诊绿豆菌核病是我县绿豆上新发生的一种病害。一般年份发病株率在５％以下,局部达２７％以上。近年来随着种植制度改革,该病有逐渐加重的趋...     

油菜菌核病的防治

菌核病是油菜生产上的主要病害 ,从油菜苗期到成熟期都可造成危害 ,其中以中后期发病最普遍 ,危害最严重。一般发病率达 10 %～ 2 0 % ,严重的达80 %以上。菌核萌发和产生子囊盘的温度为 5～ 2 0℃ ,土壤相对湿度为 70 %～ 80 %。每年 3～ 4月份春暖多雨 ,气温和湿度都适合菌核的繁殖侵染。越冬菌核在土壤中大量萌发 ,产生子囊盘 ,散发出子囊孢子随风传播 ,如果子囊孢子遇上油菜开花结荚期 ,油菜本身抵抗力弱 ,菌核病菌最容易侵入油菜植株危害。病菌侵入油菜植株后 ,在病部 (多为茎秆 )分解茎秆细胞的胶织物 ,使茎秆表面纤维破裂如麻 ,茎秆…     

浅谈油菜菌核病发生规律及防治效应

浅谈油菜菌核病发生规律及防治效应浠水县植保站（４３６２００）马清明油菜菌核病在我县流行频率高,危害严重,是油菜生产上的重大障碍,常年造成２０％左右的产量损失,重的年份达３２．３％。为了有效地防治菌核病,我县植保工作者多年来进行了大量的观察和试验,现将...     

油菜菌核病发生特点及防治技术探讨

近年来对本地油菜菌核病发生情况进行系统调查,了解了病害发生的特点和规律,明确了病害发生与气候、油菜品种、管理措施等之间的相关性,通过开展试验研究提出了抓住适期开展2次药剂防治以及推广耐病品种、改变种植模式、摘除病老黄叶等一系列综防措施。通过对综防技术的推广应用,有效地控制了病害的发生程度。     

油菜菌核病发生规律及防治技术探讨

大量的试验和调查分析表明,油菜开花前气温较低,花期阴雨日多,有利油菜菌核病发生。同时,油菜的栽培制度、品种、长势等对其发生也有一定影响。明确了油菜秆堆放地和上年发病较重的油菜地是主要病原基地。并组建了回归预测式,探讨了防治方法。     

早春大棚瓜菜菌核病的发生与防治

菌核病(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Barv)是油菜上的一种重要病害,近年来随着种植结构的调整,其寄主范围不断扩大,在瓜果蔬菜上发生日趋严重,特别在大棚里更是普发并重.东台市常年种植早春大棚瓜果蔬菜14000 hm2,菌核病主要在西瓜、青椒、茄子、马铃薯、番茄、黄瓜、冬瓜、莴苣、甘蓝等上发生,该病现已上升为早春大棚瓜、菜上的主要病害.     

核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary)侵染抑制黄瓜光合作用的机理

 以津春四号黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L. ‘Jinchun 4’)为实验材料,通过同时测定黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光快速诱导动力学曲线和对820 nm光的吸收曲线,以及过氧化氢含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,研究了核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary)侵染黄瓜叶片后,对光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)功能的影响,并分析了核盘菌侵染后,两个光系统之间的相互影响。结果表明,核盘菌侵染叶片后,叶片过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量升高,膜脂过氧化的程度加剧,叶片放氧能力下降,快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生变化。核盘菌侵染严重伤害了PSⅡ供体侧(放氧复合体)、受体侧以及反应中心的活性,并且降低PSⅠ最大氧化还原能力(△I/Io)。核盘菌侵染黄瓜后,抑制了CAT的活性,导致过量活性氧的积累,直接伤害了光合机构PSⅠ和PSⅡ的功能;对PSⅠ的伤害抑制了PSⅡ电子向PSⅠ的传递,进一步加剧了PSⅡ的伤害程度,导致更多过剩激发能产生,造成恶性循环,这是核盘菌抑制黄瓜光合作用的主要原因。     

汉阴县2014年油菜菌核病发生特点原因及对策

油菜菌核病是汉阴县油菜生产上的主要病害,2014年汉阴县油菜菌核病具有发生面广,危害严重等特点。通过调查分析油菜盛花期阴雨偏多是造成2014年油菜菌核病大发生的主因;长期连作,菌源充足,田间管理不到位,农户疏于防治均是造成今年菌核病偏重发生的原因。农业部门加强监测预警,从选用抗耐病品种,加强田间管理,提高油菜自身抗病能力,重点加强初花期至盛花期的药剂防治工作,以减轻或控制来年菌核病的危害程度。     

拉毛果菌核病的发生为害与防治技术

拉毛果(Dipsacussativus)又名蓟果、越绒草。其形状为长椭圆形,是棉毛纺织品起绒的主要工具,为浙江慈溪、余姚市的著名特产。菌核病是拉毛果栽培中最主要的病害,株发病率10%～30%,重者40%～70%,严重影响产量、品质和经济效益。为此,笔者于2001～2003年对拉毛果菌核病的发生为害     

Diversity of soil-dwelling Trichoderma in Colombia and their potential as biocontrol agents against the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Twenty-one isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from eight states in Colombia and characterized based on the 5′ end of the translation elongation factor-1α (EF1-α1) gene and RNA polymerase II gene encoding the second largest protein subunit (RPB2) by using mixed primers. Seven species of soil-dwelling Trichoderma were found: T. atroviride, T. koningiopsis, T. asperellum, T. spirale, T. harzianum, T. brevicompactum and T. longibrachiatum. Species identifications based on the EF1-α1 gene were consistent with those obtained from the RPB2 gene. Phylogenetic analyses with high bootstrap values supported the validity of the identification of all isolates. These results suggest that using the combination of the genes EF1-α1 and RPB2 is highly reliable for molecular characterization of Trichoderma species. Trichoderma asperellum Th034, T. atroviride Th002 and T. harzianum Th203 prevented germination of more than 70 % of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in bioassay tests and are promising biological control agents. No relationship between mycelium growth rate and parasitism level was found.     

Resistance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to terminal bud attack bySclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Resistance of sunflowers to terminal bud attack bySclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied by microscopical observations of infection processes and by genetical analyses of trials showing natural infections. Electron microscope studies showed that there were no differences in leaf morphology between susceptible and resistant genotypes, and that both were contaminated by ascospores. Only on the susceptible genotype was considerable ascospore germination observed, followed by mycelial development and leaf penetration. On the resistant genotype, there was little ascosopore germination and no further development. The genetical studies of percentage natural attack observed on eight inbred lines representing a range of reactions, and the hybrids from a factorial cross of these lines, indicated that inheritance is mainly additive, with few interactions.     

Identification of Greenhouse Characteristics which Affect the Incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary in Pepper Crops in a Mediterranean Climate

The effect of the main construction factors and design features of greenhouses on the incidence of white rot disease, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, was studied in peppers grown under plastic-roofed greenhouses typical of Almería (SE Spain). At the height of the pepper-growing season in the province, fifty greenhouses were repeatedly sampled. Incidence of the disease was measured and the different construction features of the greenhouses were evaluated: types of roof cover, colour and age of the plastic cover, dimensions (ground plan, surface area, average height), estimated ventilation capacity and the presence of netting on the sides of the greenhouses (laterals). Statistical analyses were undertaken to see if the choice of various design options for each factor had any significant influence on the incidence of the disease. To achieve this single factor ANOVA was undertaken. The incidence of this disease was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the following greenhouse characteristics: ground plan, surface area, mean height, colour of the plastic cover, estimated ventilation and use of lateral netting.     

利用栽培措施控制油菜菌核病的综合研究

通过以3个甘蓝型油菜品种作为材料,采用田间自然鉴定方法,研究了不同播期和不同密度等栽培措施对控制油菜茵核病的作用.结果表明,在油菜生育期间,无任何药剂防治的条件下,品种和播期对油菜菌核病的影响均达显著水平,而密度对菌核病无明显影响,要与其他栽培条件,特别是氮肥的用量结合起来,才具有显著作用.因此,选用抗病性的品种和适当的晚播可有效控制或避开油菜菌核病的发生,合理密植可提高产量.     

Chemical control of Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on dwarf snap beans

Two sprays of vinclozolin (0.5 kg a.i. ha^–1) or procymidone (0.5 kg a.i. ha^–1), the first at the beginning of flowering and the second two weeks later, gave the best control ofBotrytis cinerea on dwarf snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Good results were also obtained with iprodione and with thiophanate-methyl. Vinclozolin and procymidone at the same program were the most active fungicides againstSclerotinia sclerotiorum. Treatments with the latter two fungicides resulted in increased yields of pods and had no influence on colour and quality of the pods. Residue levels were below the tolerances.Samenvatting Twee bespuitingen met vinchlozolin (0,5 kg a.i. ha^–1) of procymidon (0,5 kg a.i. ha^–1), de eerste in het stadium begin bloei en de tweede 14 dagen later tijdens de peulzetting, waren voldoende omB. cinerea in stamslabonen te bestrijden. Tevens werden goede resultaten verkregen met iprodion en thiofanaat-methyl. Vinchlozolin en procymidon gaven volgens hetzelfde schema toegepast ook de beste werking tegenS. sclerotiorum. Toepassingen van deze laatste twee fungiciden leverden een hogere peulopbrengst en hadden geen invloed op de kleur en de kwaliteit van de peulen. Het residugehalte in de peulen lag beneden de toelaatbare grens.This research was subsidized by the Instituut tot Aanmoediging van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Nijverheid en Landbouw (IWONL).