代乳粉能量水平对早期断奶湖羊羔羊生长性能和物质代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究代乳粉能量水平对早期断奶羔羊生长发育和营养物质消化代谢的影响。选择40只10日龄的健康湖羊羔羊随机分为4组,分别为随母哺乳组、代乳粉高能组、中能组和低能组,在羔羊15、37、60、115 d测定体重和体况,在28~33、58~63日龄进行消化代谢试验,试验持续115 d。结果表明:早期断奶对羔羊的体增重在37日龄之前显著低于随母哺乳羔羊(P0.05),在37~60日龄期间早期断奶组羔羊的增重高于随母哺乳羔羊,各处理羔羊全期增重总差异不显著;中等能量水平的代乳粉有利于羔羊的生长发育,代乳粉能量水平对羔羊增重有影响,中能代乳粉组高能代乳粉组低能代乳粉组;羔羊体况的增加趋势和体增重基本相同;代乳粉能量水平均显著影响DM、GE、CP、EE、Ca的表观代谢率(P0.05),中能代乳粉组的营养物质代谢率最优,但差异不显著(P0.05)。结论,湖羊羔羊可以在10日龄断母乳,用于早期断奶的代乳粉中等能量为宜,代乳粉总能水平为19.0 MJ/kg较好。     

全舍饲羊场早期断奶中结合羔羊代乳粉饲喂效果初探

为探索羔羊代乳粉能否取代母羊奶饲喂羔羊,以实现羔羊早期断奶。笔者对64只羔羊(28只同胎双羔、36只同胎三羔)进行代乳粉结合早期补饲试验,通过3个月的数据统计分析,发现:羔羊在第29d可以减少代乳粉的饲喂量,第33d可以实现断奶;饲喂代乳粉组的日增重与日常的饲喂效果无明显差异。     

羔羊代乳粉在山羊生产中的应用

我国山羊产业逐步走上舍饲之路,向规模化、集约化方向转型。代乳粉已经在舍饲羔羊早期断奶中得到广泛应用,但大多代乳粉的研发集中在绵羊或毛肉兼型的代表性商品杂交羊中,对我国地方品种山羊的代乳粉研究较少。文章主要针对近年来代乳粉对地方品种山羊羔羊的生长性能、消化系统发育等研究进行统一综述,旨在对山羊羔羊代乳粉和早期断奶技术起到推广作用。     

早期补饲代乳粉对断奶后羔羊生长性能及体尺指标的影响

代谢印记是机体对早期营养状况的一种记忆效应。本试验旨在研究早期补饲代乳粉对断奶后羔羊生长性能及体尺指标的影响,以探索羔羊早期补饲的代谢印记作用。试验采用单因素设计,选取初生重为2.5±0.2 kg的新生羔羊48只,随机分为4组,每组12只。对照组随母哺乳(ER),试验组分别于羔羊10、20和30日龄断母乳饲喂代乳粉(EW10、EW20、EW30)至60日龄,之后所有羔羊停止饲喂液体饲料(代乳粉或母乳),饲喂相同的固体开食料至90日龄。结果表明:断奶前补饲代乳粉促进了羔羊开食料采食量和日增重,并且断奶前补饲代乳粉显著提高了断奶后羔羊90日龄体重、日增重和开食料的采食量,显著降低了断奶后羔羊胸围增长速度。通过相关性分析发现断奶体重、断奶前的日增重、采食量与断奶后的体重、日增重、采食量存在显著的正相关关系,断奶前后的体长、体高增长速度呈负相关关系。由此可见,断奶前羔羊生长性能的改善对断奶后羔羊的生长产生了持续的影响。     

羔羊代乳粉的研究进展及其应用前景

羔羊代乳粉的使用能够缓解多羔母羊奶水不足、提高羔羊成活率、强化羔羊营养促进其生长发育、实现哺乳羔羊早期断奶、缩短母羊繁殖周期和提高集约化养羊生产经济效益。对羔羊代乳粉在羊生产中的应用效果、代乳粉的营养需要标准、主要原料的选择依据及羔羊代乳粉应用当前面临的主要问题,并对羔羊代乳粉的发展趋势和应用前景进行综述。     

羔羊代乳粉研究进展及其在肥羔生产中的应用前景

文章从羔羊代乳粉的研究进展及其在羔羊早期断奶中的应用等几个方面进行了阐述,分析了肥羔生产的产业优势及产业现状,认为羔羊代乳粉是肥羔规模化、工厂化、产业化生产的主要技术条件,应用前景广泛.     

饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。将18只新生陶赛特(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)杂交F1羔羊随机分为试验组和对照组,每组9只羔羊,试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳。在羔羊20、40、60、80、90日龄测定体重及体尺,并在50、90日龄采集血液样品分析血清生化指标。结果表明:饲喂代乳粉组羔羊体增重显著高于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05),试验组羔羊增重比母羊哺乳组高26.47%;体高、体长及胸围差异不显著(P>0.05);50日龄时,饲喂代乳粉组羔羊白蛋白和白/球蛋白比显著低于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05),而50和90日龄时,饲喂代乳粉组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于母羊哺乳组(P<0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉可提高早期断奶羔羊的生长性能,促进其生长发育。     

代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长发育的影响

20世纪80年代末到90年代初,肉羊产业快速兴起,而肥羔肉和优质小羊肉的生产成为肉羊业的发展趋势.肉羊的工厂化、集约化生产客观上要求母羊快速繁殖,通过品种引进、杂交改良、人工授精、同期发情、胚胎移植等繁殖新技术的应用大大提高了母羊的繁殖力,肉羊多胎率日益增加[1],这就要求羔羊必须实施早期断奶.采用营养全面、易于吸收的羔羊代乳粉既可以促进幼畜胃和肠道等消化器官的发育[2],同时对母羊的多胎多产和羔羊成活率的提高都具有重要的意义[1].本文综述了代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长发育的影响,从而为早期断奶羔羊的快速健康成长提供可靠的保障[3].     

代乳粉对不同断奶日龄哈萨克羔羊体重及体尺的影响

试验旨在研究饲喂不同粗蛋白水平的代乳粉对不同日龄断奶的哈萨克羔羊生长性能的影响。将32只发育正常、体重相近的哈萨克羔羊(♀)随机平均分成4组,对照组(CK)随母羊哺乳,试验A_、B_、C组羔羊分别在第30、38和45天断奶,同时均分各试验组羔羊(A_1、A_2组,B_1、B_2组,C1、C2组),分别饲喂代乳粉1和代乳粉2。结果表明:1哈萨克羔羊在30、38、45日龄可以断奶,各组间成活率无差异(P0.05)。2B_1组体重增长表现出明显优势,显著高于其他各小组(P0.05);在体尺上,同样是B_1组表现出优势。3粗蛋白含量为22.1%的代乳粉1可以满足羔羊营养需求,粗蛋白含量为27.0%的代乳粉2效果不及代乳粉1。结论:哈萨克羔羊在38日龄进行早期断奶可能更为适宜,同时饲喂粗蛋白含量22.1%的代乳粉效果更佳。     

羔羊代乳粉在新疆肉羊生产中的应用前景

羔羊代乳粉在羔羊早期断奶和肉羊产业化生产中起着重要的作用。在新疆当前羊肉供需不平衡,羊肉价格过高的情况下,在肉羊产业中使用羔羊代乳粉,发展肥羔肉和优质小羊肉生产,建设集约化、规模化、产业化的养羊业,是解决这种矛盾的有效途径之一。     

Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to age and dietary treatments

This study examined the time course of rumen metabolic development in the absence of solid feed consumption and the effect of delayed solid feed consumption on sheep rumen development. Twenty-seven lambs consumed milk replacer until slaughter at nine ages from 1 to 84 d (milk group). Three additional lambs consumed milk replacer from 1 to 48 d. From 49 d until slaughter at 84 d, these lambs were weaned onto solid feed (fed group). At slaughter, rumen contents were removed for VFA analysis and rumen epithelium was preserved for morphological examination. Rumen epithelial cells were isolated and incubated in media containing 2.5 mM U-[14C]-glucose or 10 mM 1-[14C]-butyrate. Rumen VFA concentrations did not change with age in lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, intraruminal VFA concentrations were elevated in lambs consuming solid feed compared to 84-d-old lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). The number of ruminal papillae per square centimeter decreased (P < .05) while papillae length and width did not change significantly with age in rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, rumen epithelium from lambs in the fed group had fewer and larger papillae/per square centimeter than rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). Rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation and acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells isolated from lambs given milk replacer did not change with age. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) production was undetectable before 42 d of age in lambs given milk replacer and increased to levels found in conventionally raised adults by 84 d. At 84 d there were no differences in rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation or acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells between the two treatment groups. Thus, the change in substrate oxidation from glucose to butyrate, indicative of rumen metabolic maturation, does not occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. However, the development of rumen ketogenesis, as evidenced by increased BHBA production, does occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. Delaying the initiation of solid feed consumption results in rumen morphological development but does not stimulate rumen metabolic development. Increased intraruminal VFA concentrations, earlier exposure to VFA, or a longer period of exposure to VFA may be required to induce the genes responsible for rumen metabolic development.     

饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响

研究饲喂代乳粉和母羊哺乳对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响。选取18只日龄和体重相近、健康的杂交F1羔羊,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组9只。试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳,饲养时间为90d。称取20、90日龄空腹体重,并于90日龄时每组随机选取4只屠宰,称量胴体、各胃室、小肠各段、内脏器官鲜重。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组羔羊平均日增重提高18.61%(P0.05);宰前活体重、胴体重分别提高22.28%、32.44%(P0.05),屠宰率提高6.67%(P0.05);复胃总重增加13.25%(P0.05),其中瘤胃鲜重增加25.92%(P0.05),皱胃鲜重提高6.74%(P0.05),网胃和瓣胃鲜重则有降低的趋势;回肠鲜重和长度分别增长75.28%(P0.05)和35.50%(P0.05);肺、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏鲜重提高22.29%、30.10%、28.86%和38.22%(P0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉后可提高羔羊生长性能,但对屠宰率无显著影响,可促进其瘤胃的发育,并影响部分内脏器官发育。     

Immunoglobulin derived from bovine plasma as a replacement for colostrum in newborn lambs

Newborn lambs (n = 45) at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland were fed either 50 grams of commercial lamb milk replacer or 50 grams of commercial colostrum replacer (bovine origin) in 200 ml of water four times during the first 24 hours of life or were given ad libitum access to the ewe. Total plasma protein at 24 hours of age was highest in lambs allowed to suckle the ewe (76.9 g/L). However, by 14 days of age, there were no differences in plasma protein levels among the three treatments. Bovine IgG was measured in lambs fed colostrum replacer and ovine IgG was measured in other lambs. Mean plasma IgG concentrations at 24 hours of age were 0.7 (milk replacer), 18.0 (colostrum replacer), and 26.6 (dam's milk) g/L. Bovine IgG administered orally to newborn lambs was adequately absorbed, and circulating IgG concentrations were sufficiently maintained throughout this study.     

羔羊早期断奶技术研究进展

羔羊早期断奶是利用羔羊代乳料代替母乳,人为缩短母乳哺乳时间。通过实施早期断奶,可促进羔羊生长,提高母羊生产力,获得更高的生产效益。文章就羔羊早期断奶时间、羔羊代乳料的研究现状、早期断奶应注意的问题几方面进行综述,以期为日后羔羊早期断奶技术的研究和生产实践提供参考。     

Copper toxicosis in lambs fed milk replacer

Thirty-four hysterectomy derived, crossbred lambs were fed a commercial, lamb milk replacer, containing added copper from birth. Twenty-five lambs died, four were killed and five survived. At necropsy, generalized icterus, enlarged kidneys and enlarged or small livers were found.     

22～25日龄羔羊对两种不同营养水平代乳粉消化性的研究

将18只滩羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)的杂交F1代羔羊随机分为3组,A组哺喂1号代乳粉(低营养水平),B组哺喂2号代乳粉(高营养水平),C组随母羊自然哺乳,进行了60d的饲养试验。羔羊22～25日龄采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定代乳粉的表观消化率。结果表明:1号、2号两种不同营养水平的代乳粉干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率中除粗脂肪分别是74.20%、80.99%,差异显著(P<0.05),无氮浸出物分别是63.57%、50.44%,差异极显著(P<0.01)外,其余项目差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

Hypercalcemia and hypervitaminosis D in two lambs

Twin 17-day-old crossbred male lambs were examined to determine the cause of weakness and failure to thrive. Hypercalcemia attributable to hypervitaminosis D was diagnosed. The milk replacer or an accidental overdose of an injectable vitamin D product was suspected to be the source, although a definite cause was not confirmed. Lambs responded favorably to palliative treatment (administration of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution to induce calcium diuresis) and changing the diet to another milk replacer.     

Effects of feeding ewe colostrum, cow colostrum or ewe milk replacer on plasma glucose in newborn lambs

The plasma concentration of glucose was monitored for six hours in lambs fed either ewe colostrum, cow colostrum or milk replacer by stomach tube at one hour of age. The feeding of ewe colostrum resulted in an elevation of the mean (+/- se) plasma glucose concentration from 2 . 6 +/- 0 . 3 mmol/litre before feeding to 7 . 3 +/- 0 . 92 mmol/litre three hours after feeding and this elevation was maintained. A similar rise was observed in the lambs fed cow colostrum but this was of shorter duration. A marked hyperglycaemia was observed after the feeding of milk replacer with a maximum value of 23 . 4 +/- 1 . 33 mmol/litre three hours after feeding. The practical implications of these results are discussed.