全国玉米栽培学组工作总结

各位领导、专家、玉米栽培界同仁: 今天,我们相聚在中原大地,即我国玉米大省省会郑州。新老朋友相聚,分外高兴。我谨代表全国玉米学组对各位专家朋友的到来表示热烈的欢迎! 2000年8月,在山东泰安山东农业大学隆重召开了第七届全国玉米栽培学术交流大会。3年来,我国的农业生产、科研等各方面形势都在飞速发展,玉米学组聚集着我国玉米栽培界的专家和广大科技工作者,他们都在各自工作岗位上刻苦钻研,努力工作,为我国玉米栽培学科的发展做出了贡献。 下面, 我代表中国作物学会栽培委员会玉米学组,将2000年以来的工作做一总结汇报。一、玉米栽培…     

"第八届全国玉米栽培学术交流会“会议纪要

2003年9月17～19日,由中国作物学会作物栽培研究委员会玉米学组主办,河南农业大学承办的“八届全国玉米栽培学术交流会”在河南郑州召开。来自我国20个省(市、区)40多个单位的从事玉米生产理、科研、教学、推广以及种子企业的80余名代表参加了为期3天的会议。在论文交流中,全国玉米栽培学组组长、北京市农科院玉米中心主任赵久然研究员作了题为“抓住机遇振兴玉米栽培学科,为提高我国玉米国际竞争力做贡献”的大会发言,详细分析了新形势下玉米栽培学科临的挑战和机遇,系统总结了玉米栽培学组近年来的工作情况,提出密切结合国家生产需求,积极…     

从一个侧面论述玉米栽培学科走向

从饲用玉米发展的势态、玉米种质贫乏带给玉米栽培学科的困惑以及玉米栽培学科在我国发展趋势等问题,提出商榷意见,以探讨玉米栽培学科的走向.     

我国不同时期玉米代表性品种产量比较研究

以我国不同时期具有代表性的20个玉米单交种为材料,选择3个栽培地点,分别采用3种栽培密度和3次重复裂区试验,分析相关品种产量的变化趋势。结果表明:不同时期玉米单交种产量总体上逐年提高。地点内、密度内、区组内同一品种产量差异不显著;地点间、密度间、品种间、地点×密度间、地点×品种间和品种×密度间产量差异极显著;地点效应:本溪>北京>郑州,密度效应:中密>高密>低密。以上试验结果说明,40多年来我国玉米遗传育种水平不断提高。     

我国玉米产业形势分析与栽培学科前景展望

利用国家统计数据和调研资料分析了我国玉米生产、进出口和需求的近年发展形势。尽管我国玉米产区发生了变化,但全国玉米生产仍能在快速增长的国内市场需求同时,仍有净出口,但规模逐年缩小;尽管近年来国内玉米市场供求态势日趋偏紧,但若依靠科技进步和政策支持,我国玉米产业前景依然广阔。根据技术需求,提出了我国玉米栽培学科需要关注的4个研究领域,即超高产研究、精准投入研究、简约集成研究和发散创新研究。     

基于AEZ模型我国农作制区划的玉米产量潜力分析

根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)和国际应用系统分析研究所(IIASA)基于中国1961￣1997的统计资料(经多方校正)共同开发的AEZ模型,运用GIS平台计算了中国41个农作制亚区的玉米生产潜力,并指出了单产最高潜力分布区域。研究结果表明:我国玉米的最高产量潜力大约是目前产量的2.5倍,这对我国玉米高产育种及栽培具有重要参考意义。     

第十二届全国玉米栽培暨玉米栽培学组成立30周年学术研讨会将在陕西杨凌组织召开

为总结玉米栽培30年研究成果,交流国内外玉米栽培研究进展,促进我国玉米栽培学科发展,并加强玉米栽培学与生产紧密结合,全国玉米栽培学组值此成立30周年之际定于2011年8月中旬在学组     

玉米间种栽培方式探讨

玉米栽培应突出玉米的生物学特性。玉米是典型异花授粉作物,杂交当代起就有杂种优势。玉米的主要功能叶是棒三叶,边行优势大,叶面高光效。在玉米栽培形式上应适应玉米生物学特性。将目前大面积清种改成株高、品质、育性不相同的3个杂交种按一定行比间种,形成波浪起伏的立体栽培,可充分发挥和利用玉米生物学特性,稳产、丰产,改善玉米的品质,降低生产投入,提高效益。     

胡昌浩先生学术思想与玉米栽培研究成就

胡昌浩先生是国内著名玉米栽培研究专家,他在玉米栽培方面的理论创新和实践探索为我国玉米栽培学科发展和玉米增产增收做出了卓越贡献。他开创的玉米叶龄模式、叶片结构与功能、品种演进的生理机制、群体光合性能与产量的关系等许多研究创新性强,取得多项科研成果。他大力推广的栽培技术为玉米增产起到了重要作用。总结他的学术思想和科研育人成就对今天的科学研究、人才培养和社会服务理念都有良好的启迪作用。     

建立玉米现代产业技术体系,加快玉米生产发展

玉米生产涉及多学科、多部门和多产业,形成独特的产业链条。玉米现代技术产业体系的建立必将大大加快我国玉米生产的发展。本文论述了玉米现代产业技术体系的内涵、玉米种质创新、育种取得的成就、存在的问题及其解决途径,玉米高产优质栽培理论与技术的发展现状与存在的问题,玉米产后加工的现状和前景。     

Characterization of starches of proso,foxtail, barnyard,kodo, and little millets

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ^° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets.     

Effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia

Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha^–1) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha^–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health.     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

Evaluation of the enzyme-amplified ELISA for the detection of potato viruses A,M, S,X, Y,and leafroll

Various parameters,e.g. types of microtiter plate for DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), use of fresh or frozen amplifier solutions for enzyme-amplified-ELISA, and use of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDIECA) in sample buffer in cocktail-ELISA were evaluated for the detection of potato viruses A, M, S, X, Y and leafroll from potato foliage. Dynatech Immulon immunoplates provided higher readings for all viruses. Fresh amplifier solution in amplifed-ELISA was superior to frozen solutions. Amplified ELISA gave only marginal improvement in the sensitivity over the standard DAS-ELISA. Addition of NaDIECA in sample buffer did not improve the detection of viruses in DAS-, amplified-, or cocktail-ELISA. Cocktail-ELISA can reduce antigen incubation time to as short as 15 min for PVA, PVM and PVX; 1 hr for PVY and PLRV; and 2–4 hr for PVS using pre-coated plates. Although amplified-ELISA is slightly more sensitive than DAS-ELISA for certain potato viruses, it is not suitable for large-scale indexing of potato viruses in Seed Certification Laboratories, in view of the additional steps needed in carrying out this procedure.     

Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair

Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.     

Response of permanent and reseeded grassland to fertilizer nitrogen. 2. Effects on concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, S, P, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co and Mo in herbage at a range of sites

The concentration of mineral elements in herbage from permanent swards of mixed species composition (predominantly Agrostis spp., Holcus lanatus, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Poa spp., etc.) was compared with that from sown perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) at two fertilizer rates (0 and 300kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, both with P and K) and with L. perennel Trifolium repens (at 0 N with P and K). The investigation was conducted over four years at sixteen contrasting sites in England and Wales. Herbage samples for mineral analysis were taken at first and fourth harvests (May and August) each year from plots under 4-weekly cutting. There was a wide degree of variation between sites, particularly for concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na and all trace elements analysed. Herbage from L. perenne reseeds had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Co and S, but K, Mo, Zn, Cu and P were generally lower than in the permanent swards. L. perennel T. repens swards had the highest concentration of major cations, but trace element levels were generally intermediate between those for 0 N permanent and L. perenne swards. Fertilizer N reduced concentrations of Ca, Mn, Mo and S, and increased Mg, Na and Zn, with no consistent effects on K, Co and Cu. Herbage at harvest 4, compared with harvest 1, had higher Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn and S. Permanent and L. perenne swards responded similarly to fertilizer N and between harvest dates. Results are discussed in relation to previous reports of botanical and fertilizer effects on mineral concentrations, and the mineral requirements of livestock. Changes in mineral concentration resulting from reseeding permanent swards are considered unlikely to increase mineral-related livestock disorders, and in many cases could be beneficial, though problems might arise on sites where some elements, e.g. Cu and Mg, are low.