关于东北区玉米金针虫防治方案的探索

以北农（海利）48%的噻虫胺FS（悬浮剂）和生产主流杀虫剂、杀菌剂配制成多种包衣方案，用于防治东北区玉米金针虫，进行了3年田间金针虫防效试验和1年低温安全测试。结果表明，噻虫胺作为一种新型杀虫剂，通过种子包衣可有效防治东北区的玉米金针虫，持效期可达45d，且安全性好。对春玉米5~7叶期的金针虫防效优于其他杀虫剂，降低了由金针虫造成的君子兰苗率，为东北区玉米金针虫的防治方案改良提供了参考。     

河业省地下害虫区系调查研究

1979—1983年在河北省54个县调查了地下害虫的地理分布和危害程度.从采集的大量昆虫标本中,已初步定出了60个虫种,其中包括金龟子50种,金针虫4种,缕蛄2种,拟地甲2种及麦根蝽象等.根据害虫危害程度和生态条件将全省划分为六个自然区,每个区都有自己的优势虫种.目前,地下害虫发生趋势是:蛴螬十分严重,如华北大黑鳃金龟、暗黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟;金针虫(细胸金针虫)在某些地区具有发展趋势;蝼蛄危害减轻,例如华北蝼蛄.作者认为,河北省低平原区仍是重要防治区,在麦田主要防治华北大黑鳃金龟、细胸金针虫,在玉米田要防治华北大黑鳃金龟、黄褐鳃金龟等,在花生田防治暗黑鳃金龟、华北大黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟.     

不同前茬和种衣剂用量对花生病虫害及产量的影响

为探明不同前作茬口和种衣剂用量对花生土传病虫害及产量的影响,采用裂区试验设计,主区为前作茬口,设置2个处理,分别为大蒜茬（P1）和小麦茬（P2）,副区为种衣剂用量,设每公斤种子用种衣剂6mL（S6）、3mL（S3）和0mL（S0）3个拌种水平,于2019-2020年调查花生茎腐病、白绢病、金针虫和蛴螬的发生情况,分析不同处理对花生产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,2年中种衣剂用量相同时,与P2处理相比,P1处理花生茎腐病和白绢病的病情指数下降了37.91%和30.00%,金针虫和蛴螬的荚果受害指数分别下降了41.96%和22.84%,花生的百果重和荚果产量均显著提高;2年中前作茬口相同时,随着种衣剂用量的增加,对花生茎腐病和白绢病的防控效果提高了13.90%~84.03%,对金针虫和蛴螬的防控效果提高了11.61%~75.30%。P1S3处理组合的荚果产量最高,为5855.29kg/hm²,其次是P1S6和P2S6处理,分别为5773.92和5556.17kg/hm²。     

胡萝卜地下害虫的科学防治

<正>胡萝卜的地下害虫主要有蝼蛄、蛴螬、地老虎、金针虫等,常造成胡萝卜死苗断垄,还能增加畸形根的数量。现介绍其科学防治方法如下:1.播前土壤处理①耕翻耙耱。播前进行机耕,深翻耙耱,机械杀死部分土壤害虫,减少虫源;及时清除田间和地边杂草,消灭害虫滋生地。     

谷子病虫害综合防治技术

<正>一、谷子主要病虫害发生种类通过近几年对全国谷子病虫害普查,初步明确了危害我国谷子的主要病害有25种、主要害虫有54种。不同谷子种植区域病虫害发生情况差异较大。主要病害:锈病、谷瘟病、白发病、黑穗病、病毒病、线虫病、褐条病、纹枯病等。主要害虫:地下害虫(金针虫、蝼蛄、蛴螬)、粟负泥虫、粟凹胫跳甲、粟鳞斑肖叶甲、叶螨、黏虫、玉米螟、粟芒蝇等。二、综合防治技术1.播前。(1)春谷区在冬前处理秸秆和杂草,夏谷区播种前处理田块及周围的杂草,破坏害虫栖息场所,减少来年虫     

怎样驱治盆土中的害虫

盆土中的害虫主要有蛴螬(金龟子的幼虫)、金针虫(叩头虫的幼虫)、蚯蚓等。特别是蛴螬、金针虫,为害花卉的种子、幼苗、根、茎等,严重影响花卉的生长,甚至会使全株死亡。春秋两季危害最重。用敌敌畏等可以防治,但稍有不慎就     

作物地下害虫发生原因及防治对策

地下害虫主要有金针虫、蛴螬、蝼蛄、地老虎等,对农作物的种子、地下根、茎等造成危害。对地下害虫的发生特点及原因进行了分析,提出了农业防治、物理防治、化学防治等综合防治措施。     

玉米制种田虫草害的防治技术

<正>1玉米苗期害虫包括旋心虫、金针虫、蛀茎叶蛾、蛴螬、蝼蛄、地老虎等地下害虫等。成株期害虫有玉米螟、黏虫、蚜虫等。蝼蛄、蛴螬、地老虎和金针虫为害玉米植株地下部分,咬食幼苗的根、茎和种子及幼芽,造成严重的缺苗和断垄。预防地下害虫最有效的方法就是种子包衣。用7%以上克百威种衣剂进行种子包衣可以有效防治害虫对玉米的为害;加强田间管理也必不可少秋收后深翻,     

叩甲科昆虫性信息素研究及应用

应用昆虫性信息素进行害虫监测和防治是害虫综合治理重要措施之一。金针虫是一类重要的地下害虫,食性杂,危害隐蔽,成虫期是其唯一暴露的时期,利用叩甲性信息素是金针虫种群监测和防治的重要手段。本文对叩甲科昆虫性信息素的提取、分离鉴定及应用现状进行了综述,以期对我国在叩甲性信息素的研究提供一定指导。     

细胸金针虫田间分布型及抽样技术

细胸金针虫幼虫在田间的空间分布,既符合负二项式分布,又符合当n大于某一值的奈曼分布.土壤10cm以上浅层分布基本与幼虫在整个活动深度上层内的空间分布相一致,春、秋期间,大部分幼虫在10cm以上浅层土壤内取食危害.幼虫的抽样调查可选在春、秋危害期于10cm以上土层内进行.本研究采取的几种简单随机抽样方法与实地虫量调查无显著差异,其中以平行线方法效果较佳.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.