Reproductive resilience or sweepstakes recruitment? Assessing drivers of lifetime reproductive success in exploited marine fish

Understanding the processes that drive reproductive success in marine fish stocks is critical to effective fisheries management. These processes can be difficult to investigate, especially in age-structured populations, because they occur at transgenerational scales. Reproductive success is often attributed to a small portion of the adult population (<0.01%) and thought to be driven primarily by random external factors, consistent with the concept of sweepstake reproductive success (SRS). A competing concept, the reproductive resilience paradigm, posits that fishes have evolved complex spawner-recruit systems to achieve lifetime reproductive success and maintain population stability within highly variable environments. Here, we examine these two concepts. First, we analyse the popular sport fish red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sciaenidae), drawing on genetic and reproductive data to estimate a plausible range for the ratio of effective population size () to adult abundance () and to infer variance in lifetime reproductive success (). Then, we synthesize available data and infer for two other fishes that have ratios reportedly >0.10, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Scombridae) and the silver seabream (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae). Although commonly regarded as an SRS species, red drum did not meet the SRS criterion. Overdispersed values were inferred for all three species, with those for red drum and silver seabream being dependent upon population-closure assumptions. Results are presented within the conceptual framework of reproductive resilience, considering the roles of random extrinsic forces versus evolved traits to achieve lifetime reproductive success and population stability in high and variable mortality environments.     

A caution for conservation stocking as an approach for recovering Atlantic eels

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单环刺螠的繁殖生物学

运用实验生态学和组织学方法研究了单环刺螠的性比、性腺指数、繁殖力、胚胎与胚后发育等繁殖生物学特征,并采用正交实验法分析了单环刺螠受精率和孵化率的最佳环境条件,为单环刺螠的人工增养殖提供科学依据。结果显示,单环刺螠雌、雄比例为1∶1.17,雄性略多于雌性。成熟卵径为(145.16±1.70)μm×(141.27±1.94)μm,处于第1次成熟分裂前期。绝对繁殖力为111 800～720 488(449 684±265 905)粒,相对繁殖力为2 214～12 702(6 849±4 854)粒,怀卵量与体质量呈显著正相关。生物学最小型体长约7 cm,体质量为11.21 g。精子密度为(5.88±0.52)×109个/mL,雄性个体平均精子数为(2.41±0.73)×1010个/只。雌性性腺指数在繁殖季节4—5月份呈现2个峰值,表明单环刺螠为分批产卵类型。在盐度25、水温15°C的条件下,胚胎发育经20～24 h孵化。组织学研究表明,单环刺螠为间黄卵,进行不等全裂,且有螺旋卵裂的特征,形成偏极囊胚,原肠作用方式为外包和内陷。胚后发育经担轮幼虫(孵化后1～10 d)、体节幼虫(11～20 d)、蠕虫状幼虫(21～30 d)发育为幼螠。正交实验结果表明,单环刺螠受精率的最佳环境条件为温度25°C、盐度35、pH 8～9;孵化率的最佳环境条件为温度15°C、盐度25、pH 8～9。     

投喂量对中华卤虫解池种群产仔方式的影响

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Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes

Miyazono S, Aycock JN, Miranda LE, Tietjen TE. Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes.
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穗花狐尾藻在不同营养水平湖泊繁殖策略的比较研究

研究资源在植物不同繁殖组分间的分配,初步了解水生植物在繁殖策略上适应富营养化的机制。试验地点为富营养化的星云湖和贫营养化的抚仙湖,各设置6个采样点,每个采样点在1.5 m水深处收集穗花狐尾藻10株,分为有性繁殖组分和无性繁殖组分,利用双因素方差分析比较穗花狐尾藻有性繁殖和无性繁殖的绝对生物量和相对生物量在不同采样点、不同营养化湖泊间的差异。穗花狐尾藻在抚仙湖有性繁殖的绝对生物量最高0.071 g、最低0.054 g,无性繁殖绝对生物量最高1.519 g、最低1.157 g;在星云湖有性繁殖的绝对生物量最高0.127 g、最低0.107 g,无性繁殖绝对生物量最高1.031 g、最低0.955。穗花狐尾藻在抚仙湖有性繁殖的比例最高为5.59%、最低为3.65%,无性繁殖比例最高为96.35%、最低为94.41%;在星云湖有性繁殖的比例最高为11.61%、最低为9.71%,无性繁殖最高为90.29%、最低为88.39%。穗花狐尾藻在富营养化湖泊星云湖将更多的资源投入到了有性繁殖,而在贫营养化湖泊抚仙湖则将更多的资源投入到无性繁殖。     

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Phenotypic plasticity for life history traits in a stream population of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

Abstract – The life history traits of breeding size, clutch size, egg size and relative clutch mass were examined for evidence of plasticity within a set of six annual samples of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., females from south-central Alaska, USA. Three samples (from 1992, 1996 and 1999) were of stickleback native to, and living within, a stream environment, while three (from 1995, 1996 and 1999) represented fish living within a pond environment recently colonized by the stream stickleback. Significant differences between stream and pond fish were found for all four traits. For most traits, pond-living females showed greater variation both across and within years than did stream-living females. Although extremely rapid evolution within the pond, or genetic drift caused by low founding population size, could not be completely ruled out, trait changes across years in both environments were interpreted as representing adaptive plasticity.     

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