发展生态农牧业 建设社会主义新农村

新农村建设，应该是生态的、环保的、创新的。只有这样，生产出的农牧产品才能打破贸易壁垒，走向世界。一个国家的农牧业水平程度是农业现代化的标志，农牧业承前启后，前连种植业，后接加工业，是大农业的主要角色，是农民增收的重要途径。中国农牧业出路在哪里？发展方向是什么？就是生态化方向，发展生态型农牧业，建设生态、创新型养殖小区。     

西北地区农牧业发展方向的探讨

西北地区主要在干旱、半干旱地域内，适于建立草地农业系统，取代以粮为纲的传统农业系统。草地农业系统是以草地为主体的大农业生态系统，对其建设主要体现在农牧结合，以牧为主，因地制宜地适度发展特色农业以及抢救生态资产向生态产业转型等。其具体措施为：在牧区建立人工草地，在农区施行草田轮作，对农区和牧区施行系统间的耦合发展。讨论了建立草地农业系统的依据，农牧业发展战略、策略与技术导向以及西北地区农牧业分区发展方向等。     

青海省祁连县创新农牧业生产经营体制的调查报告

农牧业生产经营体制机制的创新是推进现代农业建设的核心和基础.当前我国现代化建设中最薄弱的环节仍然是农业现代化滞后,是现代化发展中最明显的短板.如何进一步转变发展方式,加快推进高原特色现代农牧业,创新农牧业生产经营体制,增强农牧区发展活力是祁连县农牧业发展的当务之急.     

海北州农牧业产业化发展情况调查

发展农牧业产业化是建设海北高原现代生态畜牧业的重要内容,是转变农牧业发展方式和建设社会主义新农村的重要途径,对于进一步促进农牧业和农牧区经济发展,推动农牧业结构优化,保护生态环境,提升农牧业综合效益,增加农牧民收入,有着十分重要的意义和作用。     

海北州农牧业产业化发展情况调查

农牧业产业化是建设海北高原现代生态畜牧业的重要内容,是转变发展方式和建设社会主义新农村的重要途径,对于进一步促进农牧业和农牧区经济发展,推动农牧业结构优化,保护生态环境,提升农牧业综合效益,增加农牧民收入,有着十分重要的意义和作用。     

阿克塞哈萨克族自治县农牧业生态经济系统分析

本文通过对阿克塞县农牧业生态经济系统中的生产、生态与生活三个子系统的25项指标进行主成分分析结果表明,工业总产值、人口自然增长率和城乡人均住宅面积是各自第一主分量,占权重最大的因子,其内在联系反映了在新形势下,由于人口增长,强化了资源开发利用,而忽视了自然资源保护等问题。作者建议通过有效调控反映生产发展、改善生活及保障生态平衡的各项指标来控制整个农业生态经济系统向更好的方向发展的建议。     

锐意创新扎实推进农牧业经济发展

2014年是深入贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会精神、全面深化农牧业和农村牧区改革的第一年,也是深入贯彻落实自治区“8337”发展思路、实现“十二五”奋斗目标的关键之年。农牧业经济工作的总体要求是：深入贯彻党的十八大、十八届三中全会和自治区党委九届十次全委会精神,认真落实中央和自治区关于“三农三牧”工作的重要部署,以自治区“8337”发展思路为统领,以发展现代农牧业为方向,以建设我国重要绿色农畜产品生产加工输出基地和建成我国北方重要生态安全屏障为目标,     

祁连县农牧业产业化发展的调查与分析

农牧业产业化的发展直接关系到农牧业经济发展,也是促进农业增效、农牧民增收的关键,充分开发利用农牧资源,促进农牧业产业化,提高农牧业经济水平,对于当地建设社会主义新农村具有十分重要的意义。     

浅谈鄂尔多斯市发展现代农牧业存在的问题及对策

发展现代农牧业是社会主义新农村新牧区建设的首要任务,也是城乡统筹的重要着力点。发展现代农牧业,是鄂尔多斯农牧业发展的必然趋势,进入21世纪以来我市农牧业现代化得到迅猛发展。现阶段我市在以土地规模经营、现代草原畜牧业示范户和设施农业建设为主要内容的现代农牧业发展建设工作中存在着一些问题,针对这些问题笔者提出了一些对策与建议。     

我国农牧业科研投入现状分析

作为传统农业大国.我国农业和农村经济的发展对我国经济和社会的持续发展至关重要.现阶段,我国农牧业正处于由传统农牧业向现代农牧业的过渡时期.科学技术是第一生产力,现代农牧业目标的实现归根到底要依靠科技的进步.农软业科研投入在一定程度上决定了农软业科研能力和水平的高低,也决定了我国农软业科技水平.审视当前我国农牧业科研投入的现状.分析解决农牧业科研投入方面存在的问题,对改变当前我国农牧业科研投入整体不足的困境,促进我国现代农牧业的发展具有积极意义.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.