铁肥虹吸输液方法对矫正苹果缺铁失绿症的影响

【目的】为了探索苹果叶片缺铁失绿矫正新方法,【方法】通过田间试验和盆栽试验,分别研究了铁肥虹吸输液对矫正苹果缺铁失绿症的影响,铁肥虹吸输液和强力高压注射对叶片和根中铁含量的影响及铁在树体内的运输与分布。【结果】结果表明,铁肥虹吸输液能够在较短时间内使黄化的叶片复绿,显著增加叶片中叶绿素含量。虹吸输液增加叶片中铁含量显著多于强力高压注射,强力高压注射增加根中铁含量显著高于虹吸输液,虹吸输液铁肥靠叶片蒸腾拉力进入树体,强力高压注射的铁肥靠压力进入树体。【结论】铁肥虹吸输液是矫正苹果缺铁失绿症一种新的高效、简单易行方法。     

铁肥虹吸输液滴干对苹果叶片叶绿素含量及FCR活性的影响

为进一步探索苹果缺铁失绿症的矫治途径,该试验以黄化苹果树为试材,以自制FeN为铁肥,采用虹吸输液滴干的方式对缺铁黄化苹果树进行输铁处理,以虹吸输清水及常规管理为对照,对比分析了叶片缺绿等级、叶绿素含量变化,测定了正常绿叶和缺铁黄叶的FCR活力表征以及不同处理FCR活性。结果表明:虹吸输铁处理10d后,失绿程度由处理前2.00级恢复到0.49级;叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量分别比常规管理叶片增加47.98%和107.70%,并达到差异极显著水平,这说明对缺铁黄化苹果树进行虹吸输液滴干处理,可在短时间内达到明显的复绿效果。FCR活力表征试验表明,黄叶周围的红色晕圈明显强于正常叶片;对照叶片FCR活性显著高于虹吸输铁处理,说明苹果叶片在缺铁情况下可提高FCR活性,从而揭示Fe2+进入叶肉细胞的系统反应,阐明虹吸输液的Fe2+进入叶肉细胞的机理,为更好的利用虹吸输液滴干技术矫正果树缺铁失绿症提供理论依据,表明了虹吸输液滴干矫治苹果缺铁失绿症的可行性。     

不同铁肥输液滴干矫治苹果缺铁黄化病效应

以输液滴干的方式对苹果树输入不同的铁肥溶液,通过测定叶片SPAD值、活性铁含量及荧光参数等指标,寻求矫治果树缺铁黄化病的适宜方案。结果显示:输铁肥处理显著提高了叶片的SPAD、活性铁和叶绿素荧光参数,果树缺铁黄化现象均得到了明显矫治,尤以输Fe-N处理最为显著;输FeSO_4处理虽也能矫正果树缺铁失绿症,但在复绿的同时伴有轻微肥害现象的发生。     

铁肥品种和施肥方式矫治苹果缺铁症的试验

在酸碱度较高的碱性土和石灰性土上 ,由于土壤中含可溶性 2价铁 (活性铁 )少 ,苹果树常发生缺铁症(又称缺铁失绿症、黄叶病、黄化病、白叶病 ) ,其症状是新梢顶端叶片失绿。轻者脉间变为淡绿色 ,叶脉保持绿色 ;重者脉间变黄 ,全叶失绿变成黄色或黄白色 ,甚至叶尖或叶缘发红或焦枯 ,叶片变褐死亡 ,使新梢生长受阻或枯梢。苹果缺铁症的矫治是其生产极需解决的问题之一。1996— 1998年我们进行了本项研究 ,取得了良好效果 ,现报道如下。1　材料和方法1 .1　铁肥品种试验试材为 6年生红星 /八棱海棠 ;铁肥品种为柠檬酸铁、 Fe- EDTA、自制的 …     

苹果铁元素营养缺乏症及其矫正技术

<正>苹果树在栽培过程中,因缺铁引起叶片失绿黄化,严重时引起早期脱落和嫩枝死亡,直接影响到苹果产量和品质,要注意及时发现并采取有效措施。1苹果树铁营养缺乏症症状1.1缺铁苹果树叶片失绿黄化苹果园土壤缺铁,常引起叶片失绿黄化,缺铁初期或缺铁不甚严重时,叶内部分首先失绿变成淡绿色、淡黄绿色、黄色、甚至白绿色,而叶脉仍保持绿色,形成网状。随着缺铁时间的延长或严重缺铁,叶脉的绿色也会逐渐变淡并逐渐     

苹果不同施肥方式对铁的吸收、运输与分配的影响

 红色邻二氮杂菲铁示踪结果表明: 二价铁肥根系输液以二价态由根被动吸收, 由靠近形成层的木质部, 运输到根、茎、叶及其主脉内, 运输速度每小时可达数十厘米。室内营养液培养的八棱海棠苗用⁵⁹Fe示踪, 结果表明, 断根中分配的⁵⁹Fe为19.3% , 叶中70.9% , 断1、2、3条根⁵⁹Fe在叶中分配的比例分别为57.9%、63.6%和68.0%。铁肥树干强力高压注射以二价铁沿中央木质部的导管运输, 大部分向下运往根系, 根中贮存大量的铁, 向上运输稍难。运输速度每小时达数百厘米, 矫正缺铁失绿症的速度比根系输液慢, 但由于根中贮存大量的铁, 持效期较长。铁可以通过枝条和叶片进入树体并且运输。     

铁肥管道输液滴干对苹果铁营养的影响

【目的】通过铁肥管道输液滴干,探索防止苹果缺铁失绿症和提高果实铁含量的途径。【方法】将Fe-N通过管道、滴头直接插入苹果树干,测定不同器官的全铁、活性铁含量,叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),百叶重、百叶厚、叶绿素荧光、SPAD与活性铁的相关性。【结果】16.4×10-3mol·L-1N-Fe处理的叶片SPAD值(57.43)、百叶重(66.57 g)、百叶厚(5.90 cm)、全铁(788.9 mg·kg-1)及活性铁(526.5 mg·kg-1)含量显著高于对照,光能转化率和不同器官的活性铁含量也以16.4×10-3mol·L-1处理最高,所有铁处理果实中的铁含量都显著高于对照。叶片SPAD值与活性铁含量显著正相关(相关系数0.899)。【结论】铁肥管道输液滴干可以防止苹果缺铁失绿症,并显著提高果实铁含量,提高叶片光合性能,可以通过SPAD值折算叶片活性铁含量。     

苹果树断根对铁的吸收与矫治缺铁黄化的效果

不同断根处理吸收液体铁肥试验证明 ,环沟套膜插根处理整体复绿效果优于根系输液 ,没有铁肥分配的局限性问题 ,但铁液需要量大 ,用工较多 ;根系输液复绿效果优于环沟断根浸施 ,但有少量叶未能复绿 ;环沟断根浸施铁肥的复绿效果显著好于不断根土壤浸施铁肥的复绿效果 ,而其全树普遍复绿。     

果树断根吸收铁素营养研究

果树断根对铁的吸收是被动吸收 ,铁被吸收、运输的形态均为二价态 ,断根吸收的铁绝大部分被运往叶片。整根吸收的铁大部分淀积在根内。铁胁迫致苹果黄叶时进行根系输铁液能在较短时间内提高叶片叶绿素和铁的含量 ,从而达到复绿的效果 ,在Fe -Citricacid ,Fe -EDTA和Fe-N 3种铁肥中 ,Fe -N是适宜根系输液的铁肥品种 ,主干强力高压注射铁肥复绿比根系输液慢 ,叶面喷布效果不显著     

果树缺铁失绿症的叶片诊断研究

本文对四种果树的缺铁失绿症进行了叶片铁素诊断方法的探讨。试验比较了叶片全铁含量和采用0.1N、1N、2N三种浓度盐酸浸提的叶片活性铁与叶绿素含量之间的相关及回归关系。试验结果表明:叶片全铁含量与叶绿素含量之间相关性差,不宜用以进行果树叶片的铁素诊断。而以0.1N盐酸浸提的叶片活性铁与叶绿素含量之间具有极显著的相关及回归关系,能准确反映出果树叶片的铁素状况与田间果树缺铁失绿的关系,适用于果树铁素的叶片营养诊断。本文还对缺铁失绿果树的叶片铁素含量与叶片中铜和锌的含量之间的关系作了初步探讨。     

不同铁制剂对石灰性土壤条件下猕猴桃缺铁黄化的矫治效果

为明确陕西杨凌渭河滩地猕猴桃出现黄化现象的原因,通过对喷施铁制剂矫正效果的比较,筛选出理想的铁制剂用于果树缺铁黄化病防治。以陕西杨凌西桥村出现缺铁黄化的猕猴桃园为研究对象,采用土壤诊断和叶片诊断等方法确定黄化的原因,并以清水为对照,喷施不同铁制剂(硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁、复合氨基酸铁、乳酸亚铁和腐殖酸铁)进行矫治,检测其对猕猴桃叶片叶绿素和有效铁含量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,猕猴桃黄化原因不仅仅是由于土壤有效铁含量低,还与植株吸收能力不同有关。由于植株过多吸收P、K、Zn、Mn等元素,引起养分不平衡而导致对铁吸收产生拮抗作用也是产生缺铁黄化的原因之一。不同铁制剂对猕猴桃黄化的矫治效果有差异,其中以柠檬酸铁和复合氨基酸铁的处理效果最好,显著提高了猕猴桃叶片的叶绿素和有效铁含量以及果实中维生素C、可溶性固形物、全铁的含量,有效改善了果实品质。在供试的几种铁制剂中,柠檬酸铁和复合氨基酸铁是矫治果树缺铁黄化的最理想制剂。     

Prognosis and correction of iron chlorosis in peach trees and relationship between iron concentration and Brown Rot

This study investigates the possible correlations between bark, floral, and leaf iron (Fe) concentrations and SPAD measures to be used as early methods for prognosis of iron chlorosis in peach trees. The results showed that there were significant correlations between bark, floral and leaf Fe concentrations and SPAD measurements. This study shows for the first time the possibility of using bark analysis as an early predictive method of iron chlorosis in peach trees.Differences in mineral composition of leaves of peach trees, in relation to rootstocks were also found.This study also investigated the distribution of mineral elements in different parts of peach leaves. Tissue analysis of different leaf parts showed that the peripheral and petiole of leaves had the highest P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, B and Cu concentrations. In contrast, the highest K concentration was found in the internal parts of leaves. High Mn concentration was found in the laminar of leaves, but was lower in the petioles.In other experiments, the effect of different sources of Fe application on the leaf Fe concentrations and development of Brown Rot in the year of application and one and 2 years later was also examined. No application increased significantly the leaf Fe concentrations in the year of application and 1 year later. Leaf Fe concentrations were significant higher in trees treated with FeSO₄·7H₂O + S 2 years after application.The possible effect of flesh Fe concentration to susceptibility of peach (cv. Sun Crest) to Monilinia laxa was also evaluated. The results showed no correlation between flesh Fe concentration and susceptibility of peach to M. laxa. Besides, no statistical difference was found in the susceptibility of peach to M. laxa collected from the cultivar Sun Crest grafted on different rootstocks.     

Establishment of pancreatic β cell iron overload model and β cell injury induced by iron overload

AIM: To establish rat insulinoma INS-1 cell iron overload model, and to study the effect of iron overload on the viability, insulin secretion, mitochondrial defect and oxidative stress change in the INS-1 cells. METHODS:INS-1 cells were cultured with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 μmol/L). Labile iron pool (LIP) were calculated by detecting calcein-AM fluorescence in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Iron overload model was established by screening for the best combination to ensure both high LIP level and cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was further analyzed by flow cytometry after fluorescent probe staining. The function of insulin secretion was measured by ELISA. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit, and the mitochondrial changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Intracellular LIP levels were significantly increased in FAC groups in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). The viability of INS-1 cells was suppressed with increasing FAC concentration or culture time (P<0.05). The highest LIP level and cell viability over 50% were observed with the condition of exposure to FAC for 48 h, indicating that INS-1 cell iron overload model was established. With the increase in the FAC concentrations, the insulin secretion was also increased and then decreased, and that in 160 and 320 mol/L groups showed statistical difference compared with control group (P<0.05). The ROS level was significantly increased by FAC exposure as compared with control group (P<0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased with the increase in the iron concentration (P<0.05). After iron overload, the mitochondria of INS-1 cells were swollen, the internal cristae were expanded, and the normal structure was lost. With the increase in the FAC concentration, the mitochondrial structure was destroyed more obviously. CONCLUSION: Co-culture of INS-1 cells with FAC for 48 h successfully establish the iron overload model. Iron overload significantly damages mitochondrial structure and increases intracellular ROS level. The viability of pancreatic β cells is sensitive to iron, even lower doses of iron can damage β cells. The insulin secretion is reduced when the number of β cells is decreased to a certain extent.     

苹果喷施铁肥试验

近年来,大连市金州区部分果园常发生苹果黄叶病,造成树势衰弱,产量下降。据有关资料介绍,这是缺少铁元素的缘故。为了探讨铁肥（FeSO4）对苹果黄叶病的防治效果及其施用量,我们于2000年开始。连续7年对苹果黄叶病比较严重的果园布点试验,效果较好。目前,全区已推广应用500万株。现将试验结果总结如下。     

Changes of serum prostate specific antigen content,volume of prostate,and serum testosterone content with aging

AIM: To study the relationship between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and sex hormones as well as PSA change with aging and volume of prostate. METHODS: Volume of prostate was measured by supersonic diagnostic set. Serum PSA content was determined by ELISA. Serum testosterone and Luteinizxing hormone (LH) contents were measured by radioimmunoassay. The relationship between volume of prostate, PSA , sex hormones and PSA with aging was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) Serum PSA increased with aging. (2) Declined serum levels of testosterone with aging were detected. Serum LH contents increased with aging. (3) PSA and LH contents were positively correlated with aging and volume of prostate. (4) The testosterone levels were negatively correlated with the volume of prostate (r=-0.45,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: The amount of serum PSA is correlated with the histological changes of the benign hyperplasia of prostate, and the declined serum testosterone is one of the most important reasons of abnormal hyperplasia of prostate.     

Antifungal effects of iron sulfate on grapevine fungal pathogens

The present study aimed to determine the most efficient experimental conditions of iron sulfate use leading to optimal inhibition in the development of fungal pathogens. Assays have been focused on fungal species inducing severe grapevine diseases. FeSO₄ directly inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Diplodia seriata, and Neofusicoccum parvum with variable efficiency in the range of 0.5–10 mM. The development was always completely inhibited at 20 mM. This inhibitory effect was greatly increased at acidic pH values. The anionic moiety of the molecule was of importance since bromide, chloride and sulfate were highly active, whereas acetate and oxalate showed a small effect. Electron microscope observations on E. lata and B. cinerea showed that a treatment with FeSO₄ induced dramatic changes in the hyphal organization leading to cell death. No toxicity was observed on grapevine leaves following repeated FeSO₄ sprays in the antifungal concentration range. Therefore, FeSO₄ may be proposed to effectively replace the long-term pollutant use of CuSO₄ as an antifungal agent, with the additional advantage of iron being an important plant micronutrient.     

Effect of Qing-Kai-Ling Injecta on cAMP content of hypothalamus and AVP content in ventral septal area of endotoxin-induced febrile rabbits

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of Qing-Kai-Ling(QKL) Injecta suppressing endotoxin(ET)-induced fever in rabbits.METHODS:①The ET-induced fever model was established in rabbits. QKL injecta was administered intravenously, and the febrile response of rabbits was observed. The cAMP content in the hypothalamus (HP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) content in the ventral septal area (VSA) were determined by radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:①The maximal increment in body temperature (△T) ,6 h thermal response index (TRI₆)(29.59±10.39), cAMP content in the HP and AVP content in the VSA in the ET group were significantly higher than those in the normal saline (NS) group and the QKL+ET group .②The positive correlation was observed between the cAMP content in the HP and the fluctuation of body temperature (r=0.904,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The antipyretic mechanisms of QKL were probably due to inhibiting the increase in cAMP content in HP, and meanwhile stimulating the release of AVP in VSA.     

西瓜果实番茄红素含量的遗传分析

以高番茄红素含量的自交系‘花贝雷’(P_1)和低番茄红素含量的自交系‘13-3-3’(P_2)为亲本材料,构建了包括P_1、P_2、B_1、B_2、F_1及F_2的6个世代群体,采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传的六世代联合分析法,对西瓜果实番茄红素含量的遗传规律进行研究。结果表明,番茄红素含量的遗传符合"一对加性—显性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因"模型,其中主基因的加性效应为6.43,显性效应为-4.00,主基因在B_1、B_2和F_2世代的遗传率分别为21.76%、3.99%、27.28%;多基因的遗传率分别为77.65%、94.64%、72.09%。研究结果将为西瓜果实高番茄红素优异基因的挖掘和优质新品种选育提供理论依据。