Survey of the incidence of anaplasmosis among Nigerian Zebu trade cattle

Sera samples from 573 Nigerian Zebu trade cattle were evaluated by the rapid card agglutination test for antibodies to Anaplasma marginale between May and July 1977. The results showed 34 per cent reactors as against 66 per cent negatives. The above results showed a significant level of exposure to the infection among the Fulani cattle managed under a husbandry system in which there is no provision for tick control. The significance of this level of exposure to Anaplasma marginale in relation to the livestock industry of the country and the need for a nation-wide anaplasmosis survey are discussed.     

RelapsingTrypanosoma vivax infections in Nigerian zebu cattle treated with diminazine aceturate

Summary AT. vivax infection was syringe passaged in a series of animals and exposed to various levels of treatment with diminazine. The original mixed infections were highly pathogenic but onlyT. vivax relapsed following treatment at the level of 3·5 mg/kg. and at this stage the infection was less pathogenic than later. Following two additional sub-curative treatments of 1·75 and 3·5 mg/kg. and seven serial passages followed by three successive sub-curative exposures to 10·5 mg/kg. infections were obtained which eventually relapsed to 14 mg/kg. Relapse intervals bore little relationship to the size of the sub-curative dose. They lengthened progressively in the relatively few animals which eventually became only periodically parasitaemic or aparasitaemic. There was no extension beyond 48 hours of the time taken for progressively tolerant infections to become aparasitaemic nor was there any shortening of the relapse intervals following initial treatment of more tolerant infections at lower levels.

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Sumario Una infección conT. vivax fué pasada en una jeringa a una serie de animales y expuesta a varios niveles de un tratamiento con diminazine. Las infecciones originales mixtas fueron altamente patogénicas pero solamenteT. vivax reapareció después de un tratamiento al nivel de 3.5 mg/Kg., y en este estadíó la infección no era tan patogénica como posteriormente lo fué. Siguiendo dos tratamientos adicionales sub-curativos de 1.75 y 3.5 mg/Kg., y siete pases seriodos seguidos de tres exposiciones sucesivas sub-curativas de 10.5 mg/Kg., se obtuvieron infecciones que eventualmente reaparecieron cuando se usaron 14 mg/Kg. El intervalo de las recaidas tuvo muy poca relación con el tama?o de la dosis sub-curativa. Estas se espaciaban progresivamente en los relativamente pocos animales que eventualmente se tornaron periodicamente parasitémicos ó aparasitémicos. No hubo ninguna extensión mas allá de las 48 horas del tiempo tomado por infecciones tolerantes progresivas para volverse aparasitémicas ni tampoco hubo un acortamiento de los intervalos de recaídas después de un tratamiento inicial de infecciones mas tolerantes a hiveles mas bajos.

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Résumé L'infection àT. vivax fut passée à la seringue sur une série d'animaux traités ensuite selon des posologies variées au moyen de la diminazine. Les infections mixtes initiales étaient hautement pathogènes maisT. vivax seulement réapparaissait après un traitement à 3, 5 mg/kg et à ce stade l'infection était moins grave qu'à son début. Après deux traitements supplémentaires à dose sub-curative de 1,75 et 3,5 mg/kg et sept passages en série suivis par trois traitements sub-curatifs à 10,5 mg/kg, on obtenait des infections qui pouvaient récidiver après une dose de 14 mg/kg. Les délais de récurrence avaient peu de corrélation avec l'importance de la dose subcurative. Ils s'allongeaient progressivement chez le petit nombre d'animaux qui éventuellement faisait une infection à éclipses (parasitémie ou aparasitémie). Le temps nécessaire pour que les animaux à infection progressivement tolérée deviennent hématologiquement négatifs ne s'allongeait pas de plus de 48 heures et il n'y avait pas de raccourcissement des délais de récurrence après le traitement initialà faible dose pour les infections plus modérées.

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Berenil, Farbwerke Hoechst.     

Evaluation of kidney function and urinary analytes in Nigerian trade cattle

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This cross-sectional study evaluated kidney function and urinary analytes in cattle presented for slaughter at Nsukka abattoir, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total...     

The anthelmintic efficiency of ‘nilverm’ against the adult and immature stages of the gastro-intestinal parasites of Nigerian fulani zebu cattle

Summary Critical and field anthelmintic trials were carried out with ‘Nilverm’ against the adult and immature stages of the gastro-intestinal parasites of Nigerian zebu cattle. Two dosing regimes of 10 and 15 mg/kg body-weight were employed. Excellent drug activity against the adults ofHaemonchus spp,Cooperia spp,Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum andBunostomum phlebotomum was obtained at 15 mg/kg body-weight. There was a moderate anthelmintic effect againstStrongyloides papillosus at this dosage rate, but the drug had no effect against tape-worms:Moniezia andHelicometra species. Effective clearance of the immature stages of all the strongyles mentioned above was realised by this dosage regime with the exception ofOesophagostomum radiatum. The drug was easy to administer to cattle as a drench, had no toxic effects and would prove very useful for strategic control of helminthiasis.

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Sumario Se han realizado pruebas críticas y de campo con el antihelmíntico ‘Nilverm’ contra los estadíos maduros inmaduros de parásitos gastro-intestinales de ganado bovino Cebú de Nigeria. Se emplearon dos regimes de dosificación de 10 y 15mg/kg, de peso corporal. Se obtuvieron resultados excelentes de actividad de la droga en una concentración de 15 mg/kg, de peso corporal contra los parásitos adultos deHaemonchus spp,Cooperia spp,Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum, yBunostomumphlebotomum. Hubo un efecto antihel míntico moderado contraStrongyloides papillosus cuando la droga fue usada en la mencionada concentración pero no hubo ningún efecto contra los gusanos planos:Monezia yHelictometra. Con este regimen de dosificación se obtuvo una limpieza efectiva de los estadíos inmaduros de todos los parásitos estrongilos mas arriba mencionados con la excepción deOesophagostomum radiatum. La droga fue fácil de administrar al ganado como toma, no tuvo efectos tóxicos y seria de mucha utilidad en Nigeria para el control estratégico de las helmintiasis.

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Résumé Des expériences minutieuses et des essais sur le terrain furent effectués avec le ‘Nilverm’ contre les formes adulte et immature des parasites gastro-intestinaux du bétail zébu de Nigéria. On employa 2 dosages: 10 et 20 mg/kg vif. On observa une excellente activité anthelmintique contre les formes adultes deHaemonchus spp,Cooperia spp,Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum etBunostomum phlebotomum à la dose de 15 mg/kg. A cette même dose l'action anthelmintique était modérée contreStrongyloides papillosus; ces vermifuges restaient sans effet contre less ténias des espècesMonezia etHelicometra. Une disparition très nette des formes immatures fut observée avec cette même dose pour tous les strongles mentionnés ci-dessus à l'exeption d'Oesophagostomum radiatum. Le produit était facile à administrer au bétail par droguage et n'avait pas d'effet, toxique; il serait donc très utile en Nigéria pour la prophylaxie organisée des helmintiases.

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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.     

Serological studies of babesiosis and anaplasmosis of cattle

SUMMARY Bos indicus-crossbred calves exposed to natural Babesia bovis infection in wet and dry tropical environments in northern Queensland were tested for antibodies using the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. There was evidence of maternal antibodies suggesting endemicity of B. bovis in the 2 environments. Within one year 35.3 to 94.6% of the calves had acquired B. bovis infection. The highest titres and most rapid conversion rates were observed just after the wet season when the tick population was at its peak. Clinical disease was not observed.     

The incidence ofTrypanosoma theileri among cattle in Iran

T. theileri has been reported as a parasite of cattle from many parts of the world. The parasites generally are scanty in the peripheral blood and more readily detected by cultural methods than by microscopical examination of stained smears (Herbert, 1964; Wells, 1971). The presence and distribution of the parasite in Iran has not been reported previously. This communication presents the results of studies which have been undertaken to find T. theileri and to determine its seasonal distribution in this country.