丛枝菌根化香椿幼苗对干旱胁迫的生长响应

通过菌根接种技术,研究干旱胁迫下丛枝菌根化香椿幼苗的生长及N、P元素含量的变化.结果表明:干旱胁迫下,丛枝菌根化香椿幼苗的苗高、地径与未接种处理相比,均显著增加了,且随着胁迫程度增加苗木生长增值越大.接种丛枝菌根真菌,对香椿幼苗整株N含量影响不大,但明显增加了全株P含量.在不同程度干旱胁迫下,以W1干旱胁迫处理下(田间持水量40％),菌根化香椿幼苗根、茎、叶及全株P含量最高.这说明,接种丛枝菌根能有效促进苗木的生长和对养分的吸收,且干旱胁迫程度越重,效果越明显.     

平安竹抗旱生理指标的测定

将平安竹在可控条件下进行干旱胁迫试验,结果表明,平安竹对干旱胁迫不太敏感,在干旱胁迫处理20 d后,除叶片卷曲外,整个竹株仍保持绿色。干旱胁迫对平安竹叶片叶绿素、SOD、MDA、质膜透性含量的影响表现为:随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量与质膜透性呈升高趋势,而叶绿素含量与SOD含量呈先增后降的趋势。     

干旱胁迫下3个甜角品种幼苗的生理生化响应及抗旱性评价

在大棚模拟持续干旱条件下,测定了3个甜角品种PRAKAYTONG(闪金)、SRITONG(金色)、SRITONGBAO (轻金色)幼苗叶片的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、渗透调节物质含量、保护酶活性、叶片含水量和叶绿素含量,研究甜角对干旱胁迫的生理生化响应,并用抗旱系数法和隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫时间的延长及胁迫程度的加重,幼苗叶片的细胞质膜透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量都呈增加趋势;SOD和POD活性则呈先上升后下降趋势;叶片水分含量和叶绿素呈减少趋势.经抗旱指数法和隶属函数法分析,3个品种的抗旱性从强到弱依次表现为PRAKAYTONG＞ SRITONGBAO＞ SRITONG.     

花榈木幼苗接种不同根瘤菌对中度干旱胁迫的生理响应

[目的]探讨花榈木幼苗接种不同根瘤菌对中度干旱胁迫的生理响应,筛选促进幼苗抗旱的优良菌株。[方法]以接种不同菌株根瘤菌的花榈木幼苗和不接种的花榈木对照幼苗为研究材料,采用盆栽的方法进行持续干旱的胁迫试验。测定接种不同根瘤菌后的花榈木幼苗在中度干旱胁迫下的相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素荧光等相关生理指标,并对各处理幼苗进行隶属函数抗旱性综合评价。[结果]表明:接种根瘤菌能显著降低中度干旱胁迫对花榈木幼苗叶片质膜相对透性的影响,与对照比较降幅为29.4%73.9%。与对照相比,接菌处理的脯氨酸和可溶性糖平均含量以及SOD活性平均值分别提高了199.8%、135.3%和200.2%,而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量降低26.2%78.0%,光合速率最高比对照提高11.6倍。受到中度干旱胁迫时,接种根瘤菌的花榈木幼苗PSⅡ反应中心内的光能转化效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性提高,对干旱胁迫的调节适应能力较强。[结论]不同根瘤菌菌株对幼苗的抗旱性影响差异显著(P0.05);抗旱性综合评价结果显示,接种10号、11号、9号、16号、7号、13号菌株的花榈木幼苗平均隶属函数值为0.62 0.81,为高抗旱处理,可初步作为优良的抗旱菌株。     

水杨酸对杜松幼苗水分胁迫的缓解效应

采用盆栽PEG处理研究水杨酸对杜松幼苗生长过程中水分胁迫的缓解效应及其可能机制.结果表明:水分胁迫导致杜松幼苗叶片光合色素、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量降低,3种抗氧化酶活性下降.与对照相比,水杨酸处理使幼苗叶片光合色素、游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量提高,SOD、POD、CAT活性均提高.     

干旱胁迫对麻疯树幼苗抗氧化代谢的影响

采用盆栽控水的方法,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫下麻疯树幼苗叶片相对含水量（LRWC）、质膜透性、相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,麻疯树幼苗叶片相对含水量随胁迫时间的增加呈极显著（P〈0．01）下降趋势;相对电导率、丙二醛含量随胁迫时间的增加而呈极显著（P〈0．01）增加趋势,胁迫初期和中期二者增加幅度相对较小,胁迫后期急剧增加;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性随胁迫时间的增加而持续升高,过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随胁迫时间的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,在W7（干旱35d）时POD和CAT活性达到最大值。     

麻栎菌根化幼苗对水分胁迫的响应

水分胁迫下,将麻栎接种菌根化幼苗与未接种苗进行耐旱性对比试验.结果表明,随着水分胁迫的加剧,接种菌根化幼苗比未接种苗的土壤含水率、光合色素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、幼苗含水率、根系活力下降幅度低,但根系质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量上升幅度前者比后者小.此结果说明菌根化幼苗比非接种苗抗旱性强.     

低温胁迫对喜树幼苗SOD活性、MDA和脯氨酸含量的影响

本文对低温胁迫下喜树幼苗叶片内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明：喜树幼苗经低温胁迫后叶内叶绿素含量下降；SOD活性先下降、后上升、再下降，其变化规律不同于其它植物；低温造成喜树幼苗的膜脂过氧化，MDA含量明显升高，SOD活性的增强可以降低MDA的含量；脯氨酸随着胁迫的进行其含量升高，表明叶内脯氨酸的升高也有助于提高它的抗寒性，进一步可以认为叶片内脯氨酸含量的高低可作为衡量喜树抗寒性指标。     

4种地被观赏竹的抗旱性研究

以黄条金刚竹、菲白竹、铺地竹、菲黄竹4种地被观赏竹为试验材料,通过人为控水干旱胁迫,以正常浇水组为对照,测定了干旱胁迫下4种地被观赏竹的质膜透性、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量等生理生化指标,分析了4竹种对干旱胁迫的响应情况。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,叶片的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量均呈上升趋势,可溶性糖含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等保护酶则表现为先升后降的趋势。采用隶属函数方法综合分析生理生化指标,评价各竹种的抗旱性依次为黄条金刚竹>菲白竹>菲黄竹>铺地竹,与4种地被观赏竹干旱胁迫下的形态表现一致。     

钙对草莓抗旱生理的影响

以草莓品种‘丰香’、‘章姬’为试材,研究干旱胁迫下不同浓度钙处理对草莓叶片相对电导率、脯氨酸含量和抗坏血酸含量的影响。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,外源钙处理能在一定程度上增加草莓叶片脯氨酸的含量,降低质膜透性,缩小抗坏血酸含量下降幅度,从而减轻膜的损害,提高草莓的抗旱性。     

盐分胁迫对土沉香苗木生长和生理指标的影响

通过测定土沉香幼苗在盐分胁迫下生长与生理特征,探讨其耐盐性。结果表明,土沉香幼苗的苗高和地径的增长率随着盐分浓度的增加而减少;叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量、游离脯氨酸含量随着盐分浓度的增加而增加,当NaCl质量分数≤0.4%时,叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量、游离脯氨酸含量与对照相比增加不显著;土沉香叶片中叶绿素含量随着NaCl质量分数的增大呈先增加后减少的趋势,低浓度的盐分胁迫能使叶片中的叶绿素含量增加。由此说明,土沉香苗木具有一定的耐盐性。     

Characteristics of water relations in seedling of Machilus yunnanensis and Cinnamomum camphora under soil drought condition

Introduction Soil drought not only influences agriculture and forestry production, but also brings much trouble for cultivating plants of gardening in the urban. Although the mean annual precipitation of Kunming City, China is 1079 mm, its distribution is…     

干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片相对含水量、质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量的变化

以金沙江干热河谷主要造林树种坡柳、银合欢和山毛豆的苗木为实验材料,通过盆栽苗自然干旱胁迫,同时以浇水处理为对照,探讨了干旱胁迫下3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜透性以及脯氨酸含量的变化情况。结果表明,干旱胁迫后,3树种苗木叶片的相对含水量、质膜相对透性以及脯氨酸含量都发生了变化,只是变化的幅度和进程不同。经三项生理指标的综合分析并结合3树种的自然表现,得出坡柳具有较强的抗旱能力,其次为银合欢,最后是山毛豆。     

盐分胁迫对灰木莲苗木生长及生理指标的影响

2010年6～8月在广西大学苗圃地,通过对灰木莲幼苗在盐分胁迫下生长与生理指标的测定试验,结果表明,不同程度的盐分胁迫对灰木莲苗高和地径生长量、叶片膜透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量等生理指标的影响达到显著水平.灰木莲的苗高和地径的增长量随着盐分浓度的增加而减少;叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量、脯氨酸含量随着盐分浓度的增加而增加,当NaCl溶液浓度大于等于0.6%时,叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量与对照相比有显著性增加;可溶性糖含量随着浓度的增大呈先增加后减少的趋势;由以上研究得出灰木莲苗木具有一定的耐盐性.     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the drought tolerance of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions

Cyclobalanopsis glauca is an important afforestation tree species that is widely used for revegetating the karst region of southwest China. Vegetation in this region is regularly commonly subjected to drought stress because of the geology and water shortages. Here, we investigated the influence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices on the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions. AMF-treated and non-AMF-treated C. glauca seedlings were maintained under two different water regimes (well watered: 80 % field capacity; drought stress: 40 % field capacity) for 90 days. The AMF colonization rate was higher under well-watered conditions compared to drought stress conditions. The growth and physiological performance of C. glauca seedlings were significantly affected by drought stress. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal seedlings had greater height, base diameter, leaf area, and biomass compared to non-mycorrhizal seedlings. In addition, under drought conditions, AMF-inoculated seedlings had greater superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, higher soluble sugar content, and lower proline content compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, AMF colonization increased the phosphorus and potassium content of seedling shoots under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Therefore, AMF colonization enhanced the drought tolerance of C. glauca seedlings by improving growth performance, nutrient content, the quantity of osmotic adjustment compounds, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results indicate that AMF are of potential use for the restoration of vegetation in the karst region of southwest China.     

盐旱交叉胁迫对皂角幼苗保护酶活性的影响

以一年生皂角Gleditsia sinensis Lam.实生苗为材料,研究干旱和盐分交叉胁迫对其膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响.结果表明:盐旱交叉胁迫下,丙二醛(MDA)含量、膜透性呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降;在相同的处理下,随着处理时间的延长,膜透性和MDA含量呈上升趋势,SOD、POD活性均下降,CAT活性先上升后下降.分析认为皂角幼苗在盐旱交叉胁迫下表现出交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫可增加皂角的抗盐能力.     

马尾松菌根化苗水分胁迫生理与耐旱性研究

采用人工模拟水分胁迫方法,对马尾松菌根化和非菌根化容器苗的耐旱性进行研究,结果表明,水分胁迫可显著降低马尾松容器苗土壤中的水分含量,对菌根化苗和非菌根化苗光合色素、硝酸还原酶、丙二醛等生理物质含量、水分含量和根系活力均有显著影响。但在同等程度的水分胁迫条件下,菌根化苗所受的影响明显低于非菌根化苗,其光合能力、降低水分蒸腾能力、减轻细胞膜受损能力、根系活力和苗木含水率均高于非菌根化苗,这表明菌根化苗的耐旱性高于非菌根化苗。因此,为提高马尾松容器苗的耐旱能力和造林成活率,采用印度块菌子囊果匀浆制成的孢子悬浮液对苗木进行接种菌根处理是可行的。     

巨龙竹实生苗对干旱胁迫的形态及生理响应

以在云南孟连县(源生地)和昆明市(引种地)培育的2年生巨龙竹(Dendrocalamus sinicus)实生苗为对象,研究了干旱胁迫对其生理特性的影响,并采用隶属函数法对两地培育的竹苗抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫的增强,孟连苗和昆明苗的叶绿素含量逐渐下降,叶片相对含水量均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势;2种竹苗的细胞膜透性、可溶性蛋白和MDA含量均随着干旱胁迫的增强而升高,说明干旱胁迫对膜系统造成了损害;在干旱胁迫下,2种竹苗的SOD、CAT、APX酶活性均有显著变化,且在不同的胁迫水平下有显著差异(P>0.05)。采用隶属函数法对2种竹苗的抗旱能力进行综合评定显示,昆明苗的抗旱性优于孟连苗。     

Growth, nutrition and response to water stress of Pinus pinaster inoculated with ten dikaryotic strains of Pisolithus sp

Reconstituted dikaryons of Pisolithus sp. (Pers.) Coker & Couch from South Africa influenced growth parameters (shoot length, shoot/root ratio and leaf area), nutrition and physiological indicators (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential) of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) seedlings during drought and recovery from drought. Seedlings colonized with certain dikaryons were more sensitive to water stress and showed less mycorrhiza formation under water stress than seedlings colonized with other dikaryons. Control (uninoculated) seedlings were significantly smaller than those inoculated with dikaryons. Transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential varied among mycorrhizal treatments during the water stress and recovery periods. After rewatering, the controls and seedlings inoculated with dikaryon 34 x 20 had a weaker recovery in transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and xylem water potential than the other treatments and appeared to have experienced damage due to the water stress. Concentrations of various elements differed in the shoots of Pinus pinaster colonized by the various dikaryons. It is suggested that breeding of ectomycorrhizal fungi could constitute a new tool for improving reforestation success in arid and semi-arid zones.