Analysis of resistance torque on the compact spinning with suction groove

The compact spinning with suction groove can eliminate or decrease the spinning triangle by airflow compacting and shape condensing of the groove, so the yarn hairiness can be reduced effectively for long staple fiber. But the resistance torques produced by the spinning tension and the negative pressure of airflow influence the twist propagation. This paper analyzes variation of the friction coefficient between the fiber bundles and the groove. The transfer process of the moment of the spinning tension and airflow is studied in the variation of the friction coefficient. The expression of the resistance torque is established in the gathering area. The results show that the many factors influence the resistance torque, such as the horizontal friction coeffecient between the fiber bundles and the groove, the spinning tension and the negative pressure, as well as the angle between two suction holes etc. The proper negative pressure and the spinning tension can prevent twist propagation, and can reduce the yarn hairiness and improve the yarn quality.     

Investigation of Parameters for Preparing Nanofiber Yarn via a Stepped Airflow-assisted Electrospinning

Electrospinning is a simple and cost-effective method to prepare fiber with nanometer scale. More importantly, 3D flexible nanofiber yarns that fabricated by electrospinning have shown excellent application prospects in smart textiles, wearable sensors, energy storage devices, tissue engineering, and so on. However, current methods for preparing electrospinning nanofiber yarns had some limitations, including low yarn yield and poor yarn structure. In this paper, a stepped airflow-assisted electrospinning method was designed to prepare continuously twisted nanofiber yarn through introducing stepped airflow into traditional electrospinning system. The stepped airflow could not only help to improve nanofiber yield, but also good for controlling the formed nanofibers to be deposited in a small area. In addition, the experimental methods of single factor variables were used to study the effects of stepped airflow pressure, applied voltage, spinning distance, solution flow rate, air pumping volume and friction roller speed on nanofiber yarn yield, nanofiber diameter, yarn twist and mechanical property. The results showed that prepared nanofiber yarns exhibited perfect morphologies and the yield of nanofiber yarn could reach to a maximum of 4.207 g/h. The breaking strength and elongation at break of the prepared yarn could reach to 23.52 MPa and 30.61 %, respectively.     

Three-dimensional fiber orientation of fiber suspensions flowing through a rotating curved expansion duct

A complete three-dimensional Jeffery equation is solved through both analytical and numerical method to obtain the orientation evolution of a single fiber rotating in a shear flow. The orientation evolutions of a single fiber under different conditions are given. A more complete model for the simulation of fiber orientation is presented and combined with the Runge-Kutta algorithm to obtain the evolution of fiber orientation in the fiber suspensions through a rotating curved expansion duct. The numerical results show that the evolution of fiber orientation along the duct in different cross-sections is quite different. The fiber orientations change drastically in the vicinity of the inlet and then change slowly along the flow direction. The inlet velocity has little effect on the evolution of fiber orientation, but a great effect on the trajectory of the fiber. The effect of the initial fiber orientation on the evolution of fiber orientation is contrary to that of inlet velocity. The effect of rotation rate on the evolution of fiber orientation is much smaller than that of inlet velocity. Near the concave wall region the smaller the fiber aspect ratio is, the more drastically the fibers swing. The fibers near the centerline and the convex wall region do not show a swing. Studying such complex flow will beneficially contribute to reach a better understanding of flow properties in many important manufacturing processes to make composites.     

浙江入侵草地贪夜蛾的迁入虫源

【目的】草地贪夜蛾是新入侵我国的重要迁飞性害虫,2019年5月8日浙江省建德市发现草地贪夜蛾入侵为害,已在全省迅速扩散蔓延。明确浙江省发现的草地贪夜蛾种群的虫源地分布及迁飞路径,对浙江省草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及源头治理有重大意义。【方法】利用基于WRF模式的昆虫三维轨迹分析程序,结合草地贪夜蛾的飞行行为参数和气象资料,对入侵浙江的草地贪夜蛾的迁飞路径及天气背景场进行了模拟分析。【结果】根据幼虫发育历期推算,4月26日–30日可能有首批草地贪夜蛾成虫迁入浙江省。4月下旬,西南低空急流贯穿华南及华东大部,可为草地贪夜蛾迁飞提供运载气流,而低温屏障、降雨和下沉气流可导致草地贪夜蛾的迫降。入侵浙江省建德市草地贪夜蛾种群的有效虫源地主要分布在广西东部。【结论】本研究结果为浙江省草地贪夜蛾春季迁入种群的监测预警和科学防控提供了依据。     

浙江入侵草地贪夜蛾的迁入虫源

【目的】草地贪夜蛾是新入侵我国的重要迁飞性害虫，2019年5月8日浙江省建德市发现草地贪夜蛾入侵为害，已在全省迅速扩散蔓延。明确浙江省发现的草地贪夜蛾种群的虫源地分布及迁飞路径，对浙江省草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及源头治理有重大意义。【方法】利用基于WRF模式的昆虫三维轨迹分析程序，结合草地贪夜蛾的飞行行为参数和气象资料，对入侵浙江的草地贪夜蛾的迁飞路径及天气背景场进行了模拟分析。【结果】根据幼虫发育历期推算，4月26日－30日可能有首批草地贪夜蛾成虫迁入浙江省。4月下旬，西南低空急流贯穿华南及华东大部，可为草地贪夜蛾迁飞提供运载气流，而低温屏障、降雨和下沉气流可导致草地贪夜蛾的迫降。入侵浙江省建德市草地贪夜蛾种群的有效虫源地主要分布在广西东部。【结论】本研究结果为浙江省草地贪夜蛾春季迁入种群的监测预警和科学防控提供了依据。     

苎麻牵切原理及牵切区断裂点分布的研究

本文主要分析了苎麻单纤维在牵切区内运动及断裂的过程，通过试验考查了断裂点的分布情况。     

Evaluation of the fineness of degummed bast fibers

Fiber fineness characteristics are important for yarn production and quality. In this paper, degummed bast fibers such as hemp, flax and ramie have been examined with the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer (OFDA100 and OFDA2000) systems for fiber fineness, in comparison with the conventional image analysis and the Wira airflow tester. The correlation between the results from these measurements was analysed. The results indicate that there is a significant linear co-relation between the fiber fineness measurement results obtained from those different systems. In addition, the mean fiber width and its coefficient of variation obtained from the OFDA100 system are smaller than those obtained from the OFDA2000 system, due to the difference in sample preparation methods. The OFDA2000 system can also measure the fiber fineness profile along the bast fiber plants, which can be useful for plant breeding.     

Data transmission textiles for smart clothing using conducting fibers

In this study, electrical properties and data transmission characteristics of 75D PET/silver composite filaments were measured and analyzed in order to explore the feasibility of “digital textiles” in terms of resistance, resonance frequency, dB loss, and Bandwidth. Those characteristics were measured and compared according to measurement length (10～50 cm) and number of strands (1～10) in order to provide a design guide line for smart clothing. According to the measurement results, electrical characteristics of conducting fiber can be enhanced by increasing the number of fiber strand. It was also demonstrated that multiple resonances could occur from conducting fiber when the fiber lengths are varied. Finally, it showed the delay time of conducting fiber reached the saturated value when the number of fiber strand exceeded five.     

Modeling melt blowing fiber with different polymer constitutive equations

The characteristics of molten polymer plays a major role in fiber formation in the melt blowing (MB) process. In this paper, the Maxwell model and two kinds of the standard linear solid (SLS) models in the bead-viscoelastic element model are proposed for melt blown fiber formation simulation. The fiber diameter, velocity and stress are studied with these different constitutive equations of polymer. The trajectory path of fiber whipping is obtained using numerical simulation and compares with the actual fiber motion which is captured with a high-speed camera. The results present that the Standard Linear Solid Model (SLS) is better than Maxwell model to predict the melt blown fiber’s characteristics under the same air drawing conditions, including fiber diameter, velocity and stress. The whipping motion of the fiber also can be well expressed by SLS constitutive model. The mathematical model with SLS model provides a clear understanding on the mechanism of the formation of microfibers during melt blowing.     

Generation of 2-dimensional models for CFD simulation of fibrous filter media with binder

Accurate modeling of fibrous filter pressure drop and particle capture/loading behavior includes many phenomena, including partial-to-full slip flow at fiber boundaries, random fiber location and orientation, particle/fiber and particle/particle adhesion and bouncing. Filter media fibers are usually joined together by binders which form significant percentages of the solid material in the media. Complete simulation of media geometry would be three-dimensional (3-D). However, complex 3-D geometries in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) demand powerful computing resources, and hence have been limited to a few fibers. Studies using 2-Dimensional (2D) models were effective in predicting media airflow resistance and particle capture for simple geometries. More realistic 2-D simulations reflecting the random diameter distribution and positioning of fibers with appropriate local boundary conditions should allow still better predictions. To this end we measured the geometric properties of three glass fiber media. 2-D models of fibers with binder links were developed. Statistical fiber diameter distributions were evaluated to determine which provided closer agreement with the measured fiber diameter distributions under the geometric constraints present. For the high standard deviations of fiber diameters present in these media, the number of fibers needed for valid statistics is rather large, which means that complete 3-D simulations are probably not practical.     

Study on the effects of single fiber tensile properties on bundle tensile properties through estimation of HVI bundle modulus and toughness

The HVI properties and Mantis® single fiber tensile properties were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between fiber and bundle tensile properties. For this study, a new method has been developed for estimating the modulus and toughness of cotton fiber bundles directly from the HVI tenacity-elongation curves. The single fiber tensile properties were shown to be translated well into the bundle tensile properties. The single fiber breaking elongation was found to be the most significant contributing factor to bundle tensile properties. The bundle breaking elongation and toughness were shown to increase as the single fiber breaking elongation increased. The bundle modulus increased as the single fiber breaking elongation and/or standard deviation of single fiber breaking elongation decreased.     

The limiting irregularity of single wool fibers

Fiber irregularity affects fiber mechanical properties. This study has, for the first time, introduced the concept of limiting irregularity to single wool fibers. The limiting irregularity is the minimum variation in fiber cross sectional area that can be expected of a single wool fiber, assuming a random length-wise distribution of its constituent cortical cells. Cortical cells were extracted from merino wool fibers and their dimensions were measured from SEM images to calculate their cross sectional area variations both between cortical cells and within cortical cells, and to work out the average number of cortical cells in the cross section of wool fibers of a given diameter. Single wool fibers were also measured at 5 μm interval along length for fiber diameter variations. These variations were found to be larger than that based on fiber limiting irregularity.     

Effects of material parameters and process conditions on the roll-drafting dynamics

Roll drafting, a mechanical operation attenuating fiber bundles to an appropriate thickness, is an important operation unit for manufacturing staple yarns. It influences not only the linear density regularity of the slivers or staple yarns that are produced, but also the quality of the textile product and the efficiency of the thereafter processes. In this research, the dynamic states of the fiber bundle in the roll drafting zone were analyzed by simulation, based on the mathematical model that describes the dynamic behavior of the flowing bundle. The state variables are the linear density and velocity of the fiber bundles and we simulated the dynamics states of the bundle flow, e.g., the profiles of the linear density and velocity in the draft zone for various values of the model parameters and boundary conditions, including the initial conditions to obtain their influence on the dynamic state. Results showed that the mean velocity profile of the fiber bundle was strongly influenced by draft ratio and process speed, while the input sliver linear density has hardly affected the process dynamics. Velocity variance of individual fibers that could be supposed to be a disturbing factor in drafting was also influenced by the process speed. But the major disturbance occurred due to the velocity slope discontinuity at the front roll, which was strongly influenced by the process speed. Thickness of input sliver didn’t play any important role in the process dynamics.     

Hemp-fiber based nonwoven composites: Effects of alkalization on sound absorption performance

The effects of the material and treatment parameters on airflow resistivity and normal-incidence sound absorption coefficient of alkalized three layered nonwoven composites have been studied. The material parameters included fiber size and porosity. The treatment factors included the temperature, duration and concentration. The alkalized composite was a three-layered nonwoven sandwich structure consisting layers of Polypropylene/Hemp/Polypropylene. Alkalization treatment has been found to result in a loss of basis weight and a decrease in air flow resistivity. Among treatment factors, only temperature was found to be a statistically-significant factor on air flow resistivity. Higher-temperature alkalization leads to higher air flow resistivity compared to the lower-temperature treatment. Alkalization at higher temperature and higher concentrations gives better results in normalized sound absorption performance compared to lower-temperature and lower-concentration treatments, respectively.     

Effects of spinning processes on HVI fiber characteristics and spun yarn properties

The effects of opening, carding, and repeated drawings on single fiber and bundle cotton characteristics were studied by employing Mantis®, AFIS® and HVI Testers. Some of the significant changes in single fiber properties were found to be due to process parameters as well as the changes in the fiber crimps, parallelness of fibers within HVI beards, and the actual changes in the tensile properties of the fibers. The study showed that the HVI test data taken just prior to spinning had the highest correlation with the yarn tensile properties. Based on the study results, we point out the potential of HVI for future quality and process control in spinning by recommending a set of expanded HVI output that is more scientific and comprehensive for the future control needs.     

亚麻牵切中纤维断裂过程和规律的研究

本文分析了亚麻纤维在牵切区中断裂的过程，并通过实验研究了其断裂的规律，给出了粗略估计牵切后纤维平均长度的方法。     

Shear modeling of fiber reinforced soil composite on the base of fiber pull-out test

The concept of reinforcing soil with natural fibers was originated in ancient times. However, short natural and synthetic fiber soil composites have recently attracted increasing attention in geotechnical engineering for the second time. Consequently in this work, shear behavior of fiber reinforced soil composite was modeled by using force-equilibrium method. The proposed model indicated that fiber percentage, fiber diameter, fiber aspect ratio, Elastic Modulus of fiber, coefficient of friction between fiber and matrix, the thickness of shearing zone and vertical compressive stress determine the shear resistance of a fiber reinforced soil composite. In the next step, a set of laboratory direct shear tests was performed on different samples including both neat soil and fiber reinforced treatments. In order to compare model outputs and experimental results, it was necessary to measure the coefficient of friction between fiber and soil. Therefore, a novel apparatus based on fiber pull-out test was designed to determine the interfacial shear stress between fiber and soil. Since, soil considers as a soft material and its mechanical properties depend on vertical stress, therefore, the Instron Tensile Tester was modified to provide fiber pull-out test through the soil matrix. Consequently, the proposed model adequately predicted shear behavior of fiber reinforced soil composite based on fiber pull-out test results.     

Multivariate analysis of some economic characters in flax

Twenty one parent flax genotypes and twenty F1 hybrids using principal components analysis based on 16 quantitative charismas were used to study the genetic relationship. Analysis of variance exposed high significant differences for all studied charismas among genotypes. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) values were observed with high Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) for seed yield/plant, number of capsules/plant, fruiting zone length, main stem diameter and seed index which designated that variation for these characters substantively donates to the total variability moderate to low PCV and GCV were perceived for fiber characters, earliness and growth characters, respectively. Most characters, showed high heritability estimated in broad sense (> 70%) indicated that selection based on these characters would be effective as they are likely to be controlled by additive genes. The first five principal components were significant and accounted 78.2% of a total variance of all characters. The maximal amount of difference is shown in the first PC axis were 25.3%. Stem diameter, seed yield/plant, number of capsules/plant, straw yield/plant, fruiting zone length, number of apical branches and number of seed/capsules were a primary source of variation of the first PC axes and give high coefficients, respectively. While, the biggest coefficient in PC2 were earliness characters, plant height and fiber length. The other rest PC axes deals with seed index, fiber fineness and oil contented. The flax genotypes were plotted according to the first two PC axis. The most earlier parents Gowhar and L6 were separated according to PC2 since this axis deals with earliness characters.     

Mechanical enhancement of UHMWPE fibers by coating with carbon nanoparticles

Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) is composed of reinforced fibers and matrix resin, and has high specific strength and low-density materials. Because of the orientation of the fibers within them, FRPs are prone to buckling damage when under compression along the axial direction of the fiber, especially flexible organic ones. The compressive performance of FRP is largely dependent on fiber properties. the buckling load of FRP will increase with the increasing of fiber’s. In this study, we developed a way to improve the compressive and bending strength of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) were coated on the surface of UHMWPE fibers by pyrrole vapor deposition. The transverse compressive strength and bending strength of single UHMWPE fibers were determined by microcompression and single fiber bending measurements, respectively. The experiment result showed that coating UHMWPE fibers with CNTs and VGCFs increased both their transverse compressive strength and bending strength. It is excepted that the improved fiber would applied in FRP for better compressive performance.