Characterization of seed storage proteins in Populus and their homology with Populus vegetative storage proteins

We investigated the synthesis and accumulation of vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) in poplar plantlets and the homology between poplar seed storage proteins (SSPs) and VSPs. One-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that both seed and vegetative storage proteins contained two predominant polypeptides of MW 32 and 36 kDa, but the subunit composition of the polypeptides differed. The 32- and 36-kDa polypeptides were highly abundant in basal leaves, stems, and roots of poplar plantlets. The 36-kDa subunit was synthesized in all plantlet tissues examined, but the 32-kDa subunit was not, suggesting that the 36-kDa polypeptide is a precursor of the 32-kDa polypeptide. The 36- and 32-kDa polypeptides of both SSPs and VSPs were glycosylated and both were found to be albumins. In addition, both polypeptides cross-reacted with a VSP antibody. Protein fingerprint patterns generated with two different proteolytic enzymes were identical for the 36-kDa polypeptide isolated from seeds or from stem tissue. Our study provides evidence that poplar SSPs and VSPs exhibit homology, and that expression is neither tissue-specific nor regulated solely by photoperiod.     

Effects of seed water content and storage temperature on the germination parameters of white spruce, black spruce and lodgepole pine seed

The effect of seed water content (WC) (2–3, 5–6 and 22–25%, on a fresh weight basis), storage temperature (+4, −20, −80 and −196°C) and storage duration (6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months) on the germination of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed was investigated. Germination of white spruce control (untreated) seeds and seeds adjusted to 2–3% and 5–6% WC declined after 48 months of storage at −80 and −196°C, with a further decline at 60 months at −20, −80, −196°C. Germination remained high when control white spruce seeds and seeds with 2–3, 5–6% WC were stored at +4°C, over all storage durations. Generally, black spruce and lodgepole pine exhibited high germination at all storage temperatures at 2–3% and 5–6% WC as well as the control (untreated) seed, for up to 60 months in storage. Germination declined for all three species when seed was conditioned to 22–25% WC. This loss in germination was partially recovered in white spruce seed stored at +4, −20 and −80°C after storage durations of 24, 12 and 48 months, respectively, and in black spruce seeds stored at −20 and −196°C after storage durations of 24 months. Mean germination time (MGT) was relatively constant for all species, under all conditions, except for seed conditioned to 22–25% WC, where MGT increased for white spruce seed stored 48 months at −80 and −196°C, and for black spruce seed stored 24 months at +4 and −80°C and 60 months at −196°C. These results show that the optimal storage temperatures are 4°C for white spruce, and 4, −20, −80, and −196°C for black spruce and lodgepole pine, and 2–6% water content is optimal for all 3 species at these temperatures.     

Occurrence and significance of bacteria in living trees of Populus nigra L.

On the occurrence and significance of bacteria in living trees of Populus nigra L. Eleven strains of bacteria were isolated from sapwood and heartwood of living poplar trees (Populus nigra L.) and identified mostly as Erwinia, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium and Acinetobacter. Most of them were able to attack milled wood and the wood components pectin, hemicelluloses and holocellulose; α-cellulose and lignin were not consumed. The capillary liquid in the xylem of poplar served as a nutrient for the isolated bacteria. The significance of these bacteria for wetwood formation is discussed.     

欧洲黑杨基因资源稳定碳同位素组成特征

通过测定从欧洲不同地区引进的134个欧洲黑杨无性系叶片的稳定碳同位素比率(δ13C值),研究了欧洲黑杨基因资源δ13C值的特点和水分利用状况.结果表明:(1)引进的欧洲黑杨基因资源叶片δ13C值为-30.40‰～-27.02‰,水分利用效率具有丰富的多样性,优于国内乡土树种,其中来自俄罗斯、土耳其和德国的基因资源δ13C值明显高于其它国家的基因资源,可为抗旱杨树新品种的选育提供优良的亲本材料;(2) 相同基因资源在不同地区栽植时,δ13C值受环境的影响较大.生长在内蒙古地区的欧洲黑杨无性系叶片平均δ13C值为-26.53‰,明显高于在陕西和北京地区测得的-28.39‰和-28.93‰,故在进行不同基因型的δ13C值评价和选择时要在相同条件下进行;(3)生长在不同地区的欧洲黑杨的δ13C值与生长量的相关程度不同,生长在北京地区的欧洲黑杨δ13C值与株高、地径呈极显著正相关(P＝0.01),相关系数分别为0.912和0.829,而生长在陕西和内蒙古地区的欧洲黑杨的δ13C值与生长指标虽然也相关,但达不到显著水平.在研究植物生长与水分利用效率之间的关系时,必须结合植物的生长环境进行分析.     

杨树新品系美黑3号与黑小2号的选育

1　材料与方法1.1　材料来源美黑 3号是以美杨 ( Populuspyramidalys)为母本 ,黑杨 ( Populusnigra)为父本的人工杂交种 ,黑小 2号为中国林科所以欧亚黑杨 ( P.nigra)为母本 ,小叶杨 ( P.simonii)为父本的杂种无性系 ,这两个无性系主要是在林区条件下选育的 ,在黑龙江东部山区的江山娇林场、东方红林业局进行了生长对比试验 ,并引种至苇河、海林、双城等地。1.2　试验方法根据选种目标和自然条件的特点 ,主要对冻害、病害、虫害、干形、冠幅、高生长、径生长等指标进行统计分析及材性分析。2　结果与分析2 .1　美黑 3号、黑小 2号主要生长…     

种质资源的超低温储藏研究进展

概括了植物种质资源超低温保存主要方法包括干冻法、冰箱预处理驯化法、冰冻法、玻璃化法、包埋干燥脱水法及其影响因素,同时对材料的选择、材料含水量、包装材料、材料预处理、冷冻方式、解冻方式、冷冻剂的种类等作了简要综述,针对种质资源超低温贮藏中出现的问题和困难作了概括总结,并归纳了今后的研究方向.     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L. var.italica Koehne) using stem segments

Genetically transformed lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L. var.italica Koehne) plants were regenerated by co-cultivation of stem segments withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 that harbored a binary vector (pBI121) which included genes for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase. Successful transformation was confirmed by the ability of stem segments to produce calli in the presence of kanamycin, histochemical and fluorometric assays of GUS activity in plant tissues, and Southern blot analysis.     

黑杨人工杂交亲和性试验

以L35、1107、中林46杨等5个欧美杨无性系和T26、T66、中菏1号等9个美洲黑杨无性系为亲本，组成38个杂交组合,分别进行室内人工切枝水培杂交试验，对无性系之间的杂交亲和性进行了观察。结果表明：黑杨派无性系间在杂交亲和性方面存在明显差异，母本对杂交亲和性有明显的影响；美洲黑杨无性系之间进行的杂交，有较高的亲和性；欧美杨无性系之间以及欧美杨与美洲黑杨无性系之间进行的杂交，亲和性较差；美洲黑杨与欧美杨无性系之间的杂交亲和性介于前二者之间。     

银中杨与小黑杨林带防护林功能比较

通过对兰西县长岗乡长荣村的几个完整农田防护林网栽植的银中杨与小黑杨同龄林带生长情况及防护功能进行调查分析、比较,结果表明:从生长情况看,银中杨比小黑杨胸径增长33.60 个百分点,树高增长28.57 个百分点。公顷蓄积增长126.75个百分点;从防护功能看,银中杨林带防护成熟龄比小黑杨提前4 a,同小黑杨相比,银中杨萌蘖力强,可萌蘖更新,降低造林成本。基于银中杨上述优点,在黑龙江省的杨树农田防护林采伐更新中应推广银中杨。     

杨树优良无性系选择初探

引种杨树无性系进行对比造林试验,对保存率大于70%的7种无性系的生长量和稳定性进行分析评价,结果选择出哲林4号和白林2号杨,抗逆性比较强,生长量也比较高。8年生幼树的胸径生长量达12.4cm和11.6 cm,为对照树种小黑杨的124%和116%;树高为11.7 m和12.1 m,为对照树种的129%和133%。哲林4号和白林2号杨综合评定为优良无性系。     

寒地箭杆杨繁殖技术的研究

寒地箭杆杨是优良绿化树种,现处于濒危状态.通过采用扦插方法繁殖,用中部和中上部枝条速沾100ppm吲噪乙酸,其生根率可达90%以上,成苗率可达70%;也可采用嫩枝扦插的方法繁殖培育.     

单倍体小黑杨抗生素敏感试验

4种抗生素对单倍体小黑杨叶片愈伤组织的诱导及丛生芽形成影响的研究结果表明：哈尔滨制药总厂和上海制药四厂生产的头孢唑啉钠可为首选，各浓度梯度(250，500，750，1000，1250mg／L)对分化无明显抑制，甚至对分化还有一定的促进作用；鼎国公司生产的头孢唑啉钠对分化的抑制较大，其分化率随浓度梯度的上升而下降。而且长势差，分化较慢；卡那霉素的选择作用表现得很明显，浓度在15mg／L时，叶片分化，20mg／L时则不分化。所以在选择抗生素时，浓度以大于20mg／L为宜。     

植物种质资源超低温保存原理与研究进展

超低温保存是植物种质资源离体保存的有效方法之一。本文概述了超低温保存的原理及国内研究进展状况,对存在的问题进行了分析,对其发展提出了建议。     

南方常绿杨容器苗培育技术

从穗条的采集及处理、苗圃地的建立、扦插与管护等方面介绍南方常绿杨树 (Populusdeltoides× P.nigracv.Chile)容器苗的培育技术     

Variations in bulk leaf carbon isotope discrimination, growth and related leaf traits among three Populus nigra L. populations

The ongoing global change could be an additional threat to the establishment and the long-term survival of Populus nigra L., an emblematic European riparian species. With the general aim of gaining insights into the adaptive potential of this species, we (i) quantified variations within and among three French P. nigra populations for key physiological attributes, i.e., water-use efficiency (assessed from bulk leaf carbon isotope discrimination, Δ(13)C), growth performance and related leaf traits, (ii) examined genotype and population by environment interactions, and (iii) explored the relationship between Δ(13)C and growth. Thirty genotypes were sampled in each of three naturally established populations and grown in two different sites, Orléans (ORL) and Guémené-Penfao (GMN). In ORL, two similar plots were established and different watering regimes were applied in order to test for the drought response. Significant variations were observed for all traits within and among populations irrespective of site and watering. Trait variation was larger within than among populations. The effect of drought was neither genotype- nor population-dependent, contrary to the effect of site. The population ranking was maintained in all sites and watering regimes for the two most complex traits: Δ(13)C and growth. Moreover, these two traits were unrelated, which indicates that (i) water-use efficiency and growth are largely uncoupled in this species, and (ii) the environmental factors driving genetic structuration for Δ(13)C and growth act independently. The large variations found within populations combined with the consistent differences among populations suggest a large adaptive potential for P. nigra.     

根外追肥对新疆杨叶片内叶绿素含量及保护酶活性的影响

试验研究了根外追肥对新疆杨叶片内叶绿素含量及保护酶活性的影响规律,以期为确定最佳的尿素根外追肥浓度提供理论依据。结果表明:根外追肥可以提高新疆杨叶片内的叶绿素含量,随着喷施尿素浓度的增加而升高,浓度为2.10%以上时显著高于对照;POD活性在浓度为2.10%以上时显著高于对照,其他浓度与对照之间无显著差异;SOD活性仅10月份2.10%浓度处理显著高于对照,其余浓度处理与对照之间无显著差异;PPO活性在7月份表现为随着尿素浓度的增加而降低的变化,8~10月份2.10%浓度处理显著高于对照。综合分析认为,根外追施尿素浓度以2.10%为宜。     

An improved transformation system for Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica)

We report an improved transformation system for Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica). A new binary vector, pBF2, with 11 unique restriction enzyme sites and the normal neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene was constructed for the transformation of Lombardy poplar. Genetically transformed adventitious shoots were directly regenerated after cocultivation of stem segments with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 that harbored a binary vector with genes for the NPTII and enhanced green fluorescent protein. Successful transformation was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting and Southern blotting analyses, and resistance to kanamycin and geneticin. This transformation system requires less time than our previous method for the regeneration of transgenic shoots. When explants were incubated on a smedium containing dithiothreitol, the transformation frequency increased to approximately 20%.     

Variation in juvenile traits of natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones in Turkey

Natural black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones sampled from river courses were tested in the arid southeast region of Turkey, using a randomized complete block field design with four replications. Clones were laid out in row plots of eight ramets each. Height and apical dominance were assessed at age one year; diameter, survival, bole straightness and branchiness were measured at age two years. Clones differed significantly in survival, growth and quality traits. The results showed that promising clones exist in natural populations. Two commercial clones out of four did not grow as fast as the top new selection clones. For bole straightness, three commercial clones had significantly lower grading scores than the top best 14 clones. Principal components analysis indicated that growth, apical dominance and branching are the most important traits distinguishing black poplar clones. Diameter had a moderate correlation (0.34) with bole straightness. Relationships between geographic variables (elevation, latitude and longitude) with growth and stem quality traits were weak. Considerable genetic variation was observed among clones for all the traits. Genetic differences among the clones accounted for 27% (survival, bole straightness) to 39% (height) of the total variance. Broad-sense individual heritability ranged from 0.27 (survival) to 0.37 (apical dominance). Clonal mean heritabilities were higher than individual heritabilities and ranged from 0.60 (survival) to 0.82 (diameter), implying considerable gain could be realized via selective improvement methods.     

湘林黑杨新无性系不同部位水培生根性状研究

对湘林-90等6个杨树新无性系及中汉-17、I-69杨1年生苗,自下而上按4部位分别裁截插穗,进行水培生根试验,探索杨树水培后皮层凸起、先期不定根数量、凸起成根率及根长在无性系、区分段间的分布规律及相关性。