2株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒毒株对仔猪致病性的比较

为了比较最新分离的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异分离株SY0608和传统毒株S1对仔猪的致病性,本研究选择9头30日龄商品仔猪,随机分为2组,分别接种2株病毒,即S1株感染组(n=5头),SY0608株感染组(n=4头),接种后隔离饲养观察2周。经临床症状观察、病理学、病原学和血常规学检查,结果:SY0608毒株感染组仔猪表现明显临床症状,接种3 d后体温急剧升高至41.8℃;白细胞数急剧减少(降低了45%);病理学变化严重,肺泡膈增宽,大部分肺组织肺泡不张;而S1株感染组仔猪仅出现轻微临床症状和病理变化。SY0608毒株感染组仔猪病毒血症持续时间较S1毒株感染组长,病毒在脏器中的分布更为广泛。SY0608株感染组血清ELISA抗体水平明显高于S1株感染组。结果表明,SY0608毒株对仔猪致病作用明显强于S1毒株。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株感染的诊治

通过对两猪场送检的发病猪血样或病料进行RT-PCR和血清学检测,并结合临床症状观察和病理剖检,确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株感染,经采取综合防制措施,取得了较好的疗效。     

仔猪感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的病毒定位研究

以猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)天津分离株(PRRSV-SJ株)滴鼻感染10日龄～15日龄PRRSV阴性的健康仔猪,采用免疫组织化学法检测PRRSV在仔猪体内靶器官的动态分布,初步探讨PRRSV感染后在仔猪体内的病毒分布规律.结果表明,间接免疫组织化学法发现PRRSV-SJ株感染仔猪后1 d～28 d,均可在仔猪肺、淋巴结、扁桃体、气管、脾、肾等组织中检出PRRSV.感染后1 d～7 d,肺门淋巴结和扁桃体的病毒阳性细胞数量最多,阳性反应强.感染后14 d～28 d,脾脏的病毒阳性细胞数量多,阳性反应强.感染后1d,PRRSV就可在气管、肺门淋巴结和扁桃体检出.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的危害及免疫策略

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a serious disease, causing significantly economical impacts on the swine industry worldwide. Because of the mechanism of virus infection, the characteristics of antibody-dependent enhancement and a high degree of variability, the commercial vaccines currently exist defects that can’t completely prevent the respiratory system and placental transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. Therefore, according to the pathogenic characteristics, PRRSV immune characteristics and biological characteristics, the new vaccines are designed which have important significances to the prevention of the disease.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的免疫保护机制及疫苗研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的高变异性、免疫逃逸以及异源毒株间的交叉保护效果差,致使现有疫苗保护效力的持久性和有效性受限。本文归纳了PRRSV国内外流行毒株的进化和抗原变异以及毒株中和表位的免疫保护机制研究现状,系统分析了传统疫苗、反向遗传学构建的嵌合疫苗、基因工程疫苗、干扰素诱导激活疫苗以及纳米疫苗等的研究进展,提出了通过不断改良佐剂、改进接种方式等途径开发新型PRRSV疫苗,有望加快终结PRRS的全球流行,为研发安全高效的新型PRRSV疫苗提供了参考。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征对塞内卡病毒灭活苗免疫效果的影响

为探究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)对塞内卡病毒(SVA)灭活疫苗免疫效果的影响,对PRRS阳性猪和PRRS阴性猪分别免疫相同批次、相同剂量的SVA灭活苗,检测首次免疫后7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d血清中和抗体效价,并在免疫后28 d对所有试验猪进行攻毒保护试验。结果显示,所有PRRS阳性猪的SVA血清中和抗体效价均小于1∶4,而PRRS阴性猪SVA血清中和抗体效价在二免后上升到较高水平。攻毒保护结果与中和抗体效价结果呈正相关,PRRS阳性组0/5保护,而PRRS阴性组试验猪达到5/5保护。这一研究表明PRRS会使SVA灭活疫苗免疫效果下降,为SVA及PRRS疫苗的研发及猪场疾病的防控提供了参考。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征基因免疫的初步研究

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的主要免疫蛋白基因ORF4和ORF5及ORF5和ORF7基因分别共同克隆到真核表达载体pIRES1neo中构建重组质粒,称为pIRESorf5/4和pIRESorf5/7。添加脂质体作为佐剂的表达质粒免疫BABL/c小鼠,经过三次免疫和采取血清,通过ELISA检测,其中pIRESorf5/7表达质粒产生较强的免疫应答,为进一步研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒基因免疫应答以及研制基因疫苗奠定基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是能够引起母猪繁殖障碍和新生仔猪呼吸症状的严重危害养猪业的一种重要病原。其特异的免疫学特征给疫苗的设计与研制带来一定的困难。近年来,对其免疫学研究取得了重要的进展,特别是在病原的基本免疫学特征、体液免疫与细胞免疫特征、免疫抑制与免疫调节等方面做了深入研究与分析。同时,也对参与该病免疫应答的细胞及细胞因子和所引起的免疫病理学方面做了详细的研究。这些都为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒S3毒株的分离及其免疫特性研究

从某猪场仔猪体内分离到一株PPRSV毒株，该毒株能在Marc-145细胞上增殖产生致细胞病变，该病变能被PPRSV美洲型阳性血清所抑制，不被乙脑病毒、猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒阳性血清所抑制，经美洲型PPRSV荧光抗体染色呈阳性反应，电镜观察到直径55－60nm的病毒粒子，接种阴性仔猪未见临床症状异常，但抗体检测阳性。命名该分离毒为PPRSV－S3毒株。在S3弱毒株分离鉴定的基础上，进一步在猪体上对其致病性和免疫力进行研究。S3毒株接种仔猪后，仔猪不表现任何症状，也不向外排毒。4－5周龄的仔猪接种S3株后可产生坚强的免疫力，免疫后4－6个月能抵抗强毒攻击。后备母猪配种前2－3周免疫接种S3株，怀孕90－95d攻强毒，未发生流产、死胎、木乃伊胎、产弱仔等繁殖障碍现象。结果表明，S3是一株自然分离的弱毒株，且具有良好的安全性和免疫力。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒强弱毒株嵌合感染性克隆的构建及鉴定

查明猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)致病性大幅增高的机制,进而研制用于防治流行PRRSV变异株的高效疫苗无疑是兽医工作者的当务之急.在弱毒株APRRS的全长感染性克隆pAPRRS以及我室构建的高致病性HP PRRSV感染性克隆pJX143的基础上,构建了nsp2替换的强弱毒PRRSV嵌合感染性克隆.将构建的嵌合克隆转染MA104,4d后观察到典型的CPE.通过RT-PCR和免疫荧光证明获得了一系列强弱毒株之间的嵌合病毒.这些嵌合病毒的构建成功和相应反向遗传操作平台的建立及应用,为研发预防HP PRRSV的高效嵌合疫苗奠定了基础.该类嵌合感染性cDNA克隆也为解析目前流行的HP PRRSV毒力因子和高致病力机制奠定了基础.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染仔猪外周血细胞的动态变化

目的是通过检测HP-PRRS仔猪外周血细胞数量,探讨HP-PRRSV致病机制。方法是以HuN4株感染60日龄长白仔猪,应用分子生物学技术、全自动血液分析仪,对感染PRRSV仔猪外周血病毒载量、血细胞数量进行检测。结果显示PRRSV感染仔猪外周血病毒载量超过103copies/mL,WBC显著下降(P<0.05),RBC、HGB、HCT表现出周期性减少和增多(P<0.05),PLT显著下降(P<0.05);相关性分析表明,PRRSV载量对数值与WBC、PLT呈现中度负相关(0.40相似文献   

Immune responses in piglets infected with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection compromises the host's innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune responses of piglets infected with highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (HuN4 strain) with or without the immunization with CH-1R attenuated PRRSV vaccine. The response was evaluated for the clinical signs, pathological changes and virus load in immune organs, antibody responses and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The result showed that in comparison with the piglets received the immunization, the piglets infected with HP-PRRSV alone had the thymus atrophy, decreased serum levels of IL-4 and increased serum levels of IL-10 and INF-γ. These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.     

Differential immunity in pigs with high and low responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

One hundred Hampshire x Duroc cross-bred pigs (HD) and 100 NE Index line (I) pigs were infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and evaluated for resistance/susceptibility. Controls (100/line) were uninfected littermates to the infected pigs. Viremia, change in weight (WTdelta), and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 d postinfection were recorded. Lung, bronchial lymph node (BLN), and blood tissue were collected at necropsy (14 d postinfection). The first principal component from principal component analyses of all variables was used to rank the pigs for phenotypic response to PRRS virus. Low responders (low PRRS burden) had high WTdelta, low viremia, and few lung lesions; high responders (high PRRS burden) had low WTdelta, high viremia, and many lesions. The RNA was extracted from lung and BLN tissue of the 7 highest and 7 lowest responders per line and from each of their littermates. Expression of 11 innate and T helper 1 immune markers was evaluated with cDNA in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Significant upregulation in lung, lymph, or both of infected pigs relative to controls occurred for all but one gene. Expression differences were greater in HD than I pigs. Significant downregulation for certain immune genes in low pigs, relative to littermate controls, was detected in lung and BLN, particularly in line I. Serum levels of the immune cytokines affirmed the gene expression differences. High preinfection serum levels of IL 8 were significantly associated with PRRS virus-resistant, low pigs. After infection, low expression of interferon gamma in cDNA and in serum was also correlated with PRRS virus resistance. Important genetic associations were revealed for fine mapping of candidate genes for PRRS virus resistance and determining the causative alleles.     

Protective immunity induced by a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in piglets

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been developed as a vaccine vector for expressing foreign immunogens. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), continues to be a major problem to the pork industry worldwide. Many vaccine strategies have been developed to control the disease but most of them turn out to be unsuccessful. The objective of this research was to explore the feasibility of PRV-based vector vaccine in protection against PRRSV. A live attenuated vaccine-based PRV recombinant expressing the envelope protein GP5 of PRRSV was generated using recombinant DNA techniques. The Bartha-K61-derived recombinant virus, named rPRV-GP5, was shown to express PRRSV GP5 efficiently. Sixteen healthy piglets were assigned to one of four groups (one to four, four pigs per group). Animals in Groups 1 and 2 were each inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 10(7.0) PFU of rPRV-GP5 and its parent Bartha-K61, respectively; Group 3 were vaccinated intramuscularly with one-dose of PRRS inactivated vaccine; Group 4 was served as non-vaccinated control. One month later, all animals were all challenged with 10(6.5) TCID(50) of virulent PRRSV CH-1a. All animals in Groups 1 and 3 remained clinically healthy before and after challenge, with only a short period of fever (no more than 41 degrees C and 3 days), mild and gradually improving lung and kidney lesions, and short-term viremia (2 and 3 week, respectively) in spite of no detectable anti-PRRSV antibody before challenge. On the other hand, all animals in the other two groups showed evident clinical signs with higher temperatures (more than 41 degrees C) after challenge, and severe lung, kidney and spleen lesions and extended viremia (4 weeks). The results indicate that the rPRV-GP5 is safe for vaccinates and able to confer significant protection against clinical disease and reduce pathogenic lesions induced by PRRSV challenge in vaccinated pigs.     

Interaction between innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Innate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. However, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. Two decades after its discovery, PRRSV is still one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular composition of the mammalian innate antiviral immune system with emphasis on the porcine system. In particular, we focus on the interaction between PRRSV and porcine innate immunity at cellular and molecular levels. Strategies for targeting innate immune components and other host metabolic factors to induce ideal anti-PRRSV protection are also discussed.     

Respiratory function and pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Pulmonary dysfunction was evaluated in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, isolate VR-2332) and compared to clinical and pathological findings. Infected pigs developed fever, reduced appetite, respiratory distress and dullness at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi). Non-invasive pulmonary function tests using impulse oscillometry and rebreathing of test gases (He, CO) revealed peripheral airway obstruction, reduced lung compliance and reduced lung CO-transfer factor. PRRSV-induced pulmonary dysfunction was most marked at 9–18 dpi and was accompanied by a significantly increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume. Expiration was affected more than inspiration. On histopathological examination, multifocal areas of interstitial pneumonia (more severe and extensive at 10 dpi than 21 dpi) were identified as a possible structural basis for reduced lung compliance and gas exchange disturbances.     

间接免疫酶组织化学法检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染和抗原定位

以蔗糖密度梯度离心法提纯的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS）病毒SC1株作为抗原,免疫家兔制备兔抗PRRS病毒IgG,成功建立了检测PRRS病毒抗原的间接免疫酶组织化学法。该方法只与PRRS病毒感染猪组织呈现阳性反应,与猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪乙脑病毒人工感染并致死仔猪的肝脏组织呈现阴性反应。用该方法检测PRRS SC-1株人工感染28日龄仔猪,在感染后7 d即可在肺门淋巴结、胸腺、扁桃体、十二指肠、肺、大脑和肾脏检测到PRRS病毒抗原。PRRS病毒抗原主要分布于胸腺和十二指肠感染细胞的胞浆内、肺门淋巴结小梁周围的淋巴窦和弥散的淋巴组织、扁桃体淋巴结的隐窝及其周边。该法具有特异、直观和敏感的特点,可用于PRRS病毒感染的实验室诊断、抗原定位及甲醛固定样本的回顾性诊断。     

猪圆环病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒混合感染对仔猪致病性的评估

本研究通过猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)强毒共感染3周龄健康仔猪来评价其致病性。试验动物随机分为3组,空白对照组(n=3头),PRRSV单独感染组(n=3头),PCV2和PRRSV共感染组(n=6头),从而比较相互之间的差异。通过临床症状、病理学变化、病原学和血清学检查,对二者混合感染仔猪的致病性进行了研究。结果表明PCV2和PRRSV共同感染能引起仔猪断奶后多系统消耗性综合征,表现为淋巴组织肿大、出血,肉芽肿性炎症,坏死性肝炎,仔猪消瘦、生长缓慢等特征性病变;混合感染能加重PRRSV对仔猪引起的间质性肺炎的严重程度。混合感染可以出现支气管肺炎和明显的肝病变,淋巴结多呈界限明显的块状出血等典型病变。     

Oral transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by muscle of experimentally infected pigs

The current study was performed to determine if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) could be transmitted to pigs by feeding muscle tissue obtained from recently infected pigs. Muscle obtained from pigs infected with either a European strain (EU donor pigs) or American strain (US donor pigs) of PRRSV was fed to PRRSV-free receiver pigs. The donor pigs were slaughtered 11 days post-infection (dpi). PRRSV was detected by conventional virus isolation in muscle at 11 dpi from 7 of 12 EU donor pigs and 5 of 12 US donor pigs. In contrast to conventional virus isolation, all muscle samples from infected pigs were positive for viral nucleic acid by PCR, except for muscle from one animal infected with the American strain of PRRSV. Five hundred grams of raw semimembranosus muscle from each of the donor pigs was fed over a 2 days period (250 g per day) to each of two receiver pigs (48 receiver pigs). The receiver pigs were housed separately in five groups. One of the five groups was fed muscle obtained from US donor pigs that was also spiked with the American strain of PRRSV. Sentinel pigs were placed in-contact with the group of receiver pigs fed spiked muscle. All receiver pigs became viraemic by 6 days post-feeding (dpf). There was evidence of horizontal transmission with sentinel pigs, in-contact with receiver pigs, becoming viraemic. The study demonstrates that PRRSV could be infectious through the oral route via the feeding of meat obtained from recently infected pigs.