日粮消化能水平对四川白兔生产性能和养分消化率的影响

为研究日粮消化能水平对四川白兔生产性能和养分消化率的影响,本试验选择480只30日龄断奶四川白兔,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理10个重复,每个重复12只,分别饲喂含9.50、10.00、10.50、11.00 MJ/kg消化能的日粮,饲养试验持续10周。结果表明:消化能水平对四川白兔日增重、料重比、腹泻率和死亡率影响显著(P0.05),对采食量影响不显著(P0.05),随着日粮消化能水平的增加,日增重呈先增加后减少的趋势,料重比呈先减少后增加趋势,腹泻率和死亡率呈逐渐增加的趋势,10.00 MJ/kg组生产性能最佳;消化能水平对四川白兔日粮干物质、粗蛋白质和粗纤维消化率影响显著(P0.05),对粗脂肪和粗灰分消化率影响不显著(P0.05),其中干物质和粗蛋白质消化率随着消化能水平的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,而粗纤维消化率呈逐渐降低的趋势。综合来看,在本试验条件下,四川白兔日粮消化能适宜水平为10.00 MJ/kg。     

2～3月龄肉兔日粮消化能水平对消化代谢和产肉性能影响的研究

选用50只2月龄新西兰兔分成5组,饲喂5种消化能(DE,MJ/kg)水平的日粮(分别为9.46、10.46、11.46、12.46和13.46),测定了日粮消化能水平对2～3月龄新西兰兔生产性能、营养物质消化利用、免疫指标、小肠酶活性、盲肠内环境和肉质的影响。结果表明:日粮能量水平对日增重、料肉比影响显著(P<0.05),日增重以10.46MJ/kg组最大,为29.28g,料肉比随能量水平升高而降低;日粮能量水平对试验兔除灰分消化率外都有显著影响(P<0.05),粗蛋白(CP)消化率、氮沉积以10.46MJ/kg组最大,粗纤维(CF)和能量消化率随日粮能量水平升高而升高,脂肪和灰分消化率则随日粮能量水平升高而降低;能量水平对3月龄肉兔免疫指标影响不显著;小肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随能量水平升高而增加(P<0.05);3月龄试兔盲肠内pH值、NH3-N浓度、丙酸比例和丁酸比例均随日粮能量水平升高而增加,总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(TVFA)、乙酸比例、乙丙酸比则随日粮能量水平升高而减少,其中能量水平对pH值、NH3-N含量、丁酸比例、乙酸比例的影响显著(P<0.05),而对丙酸比例、TVFA和乙、丙酸比影响极显著(P<0.01);能量水平对3月龄肉兔半净膛、全净膛屠宰率无显著影响(P>0.05),对屠体重、全净膛重、眼肌面积影响显著(P<0.05),其中屠体重以10.46MJ/kg组最高;能量水平对肉兔背最     

青花椒叶对肉兔生产性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

为研究饲粮添加不同水平青花椒叶对肉兔生产性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响,试验选择28日龄体重相近的新西兰兔600只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复30只,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂含4%、8%和12%青花椒叶粉的饲粮。预饲期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明：随着青花椒叶添加量的增加,肉兔采食量和日增重呈现先增加后减少的趋势,4%组显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,但与8%组差异不显著（P> 0.05）;添加青花椒叶对饲粮中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率无显著影响（P> 0.05）,随着添加量的增加,饲粮能量和无氮浸出物的表观消化率呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中4%组最高,但与8%组差异不显著（P> 0.05）;血清血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白随着饲粮中青花椒叶添加量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,其中12%组显著低于对照组（P <0.05）。综上所述,在肉兔饲粮中添加青花椒叶可以改善饲粮适口性,促进养分消化,提高生产性能,降低血清血糖和血脂,本试验条件下,肉兔饲粮中青花椒叶的添加量不宜超过8%。     

热应激条件下脂肪来源对肉兔生产性能、养分消化率及血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究热应激条件下脂肪来源对肉兔生产性能、养分消化率及血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选择30日龄的断奶新西兰兔600只,随机分成5个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,各脂肪添加组分别饲喂含2%牛油、猪油、玉米油、豆油的饲粮。试验兔均饲养在热应激兔舍(温湿指数为29.5±0.5)中。试验期7周。结果表明:与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),其中以玉米油的效果最佳。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的干物质和粗蛋白质消化率(P0.05),显著降低粗脂肪消化率(P0.05),但对粗灰分和粗纤维消化率无显著影响(P0.05),其中玉米油组的干物质消化率最高,豆油组的粗蛋白质消化率最高。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加牛油或猪油可以显著提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);玉米油组和豆油组肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加豆油和玉米油可以显著提高肉兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P0.05);牛油组和猪油组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,热应激条件下,饲粮添加不同来源的脂肪均可提高肉兔生产性能及干物质和粗蛋白质消化率,从整体效果来看,玉米油豆油猪油牛油;饲粮添加牛油或猪油可提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量,对机体抗氧化能力的影响不显著;饲粮添加豆油或玉米油对肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量无显著影响,但可显著提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

不同能量水平饲粮对肥育猪生长性能、体型和经济效益的研究

试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对肥育猪生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择150头体重70.0 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各半。按照等蛋白质等氨基酸配置饲粮,3组分别饲喂不同消化能水平(14.00 MJ/kg、13.80 MJ/kg、13.60 MJ/kg)的饲粮。试验期48 d。试验结果表明:1)生长性能:①在消化能值为13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比最高。②随着饲粮消化能水平的降低,各组间日采食量和日增重差异不显著(P0.05),消化能为14.00 MJ/kg和13.80 MJ/kg组料重比显著低于消化能13.60 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)经济效益:消化能为13.60 MJ/kg组,肥育猪单头盈利最高(1 284.66元),经济效益最佳。综上所述,该试验条件下:1)消化能水平13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪日采食量和日增重最高,单头盈利最高。2)消化能值为14.00 MJ/kg时,肥育猪体型较好。     

不同能量水平对哺乳母猪及仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验通过研究夏季热应激条件下,饲粮不同能量水平对哺乳母猪采食量、哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,以探讨在夏季热应激条件下,哺乳母猪饲粮中适宜的能量水平。本试验采用单因子试验设计,设4个能量水平,分别是12.94 MJ/kg,13.06MJ/kg,13.14 MJ/kg和13.22 MJ/kg。试验选取36头3-5胎的哺乳母猪,随机分到4个处理,每个处理9个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验结果表明,能量水平为13.06 MJ/kg时可以提高哺乳母猪DE摄入量及缩短断奶到发情间隔,本试验条件下,推荐适宜的哺乳母猪能量水平为13.06 MJ/kg。     

能量水平对生长猪生产性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

选择体重(20.40±2.57)kg的健康渝荣1号配套系商品猪60头,随机分为5组,分别饲喂消化能浓度为13.19、14.10、14.35、14.69 MJ/kg和14.90 MJ/kg的饲粮,测定其生产性能和血清生化指标;同时进行消化试验,测定饲粮的养分消化率。结果表明:采食量和饲料增重比随消化能水平上升而下降,14.90 MJ/kg组采食量极显著低于13.19 MJ/kg组(P<0.01),14.69 MJ/kg组和14.90 MJ/kg组饲料增重比显著低于13.19 MJ/kg组(P<0.05);14.69 MJ/kg组日增重最高(P>0.05)。14.90 MJ/kg组血清总胆固醇浓度显著高于13.19 MJ/kg组和14.10 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。各常规养分消化率随消化能水平提高而上升。由此可见,提高生长猪饲粮能量水平,能够提高营养物质的消化率、降低采食量和饲料增重比;在本试验条件下,消化能水平为14.69 MJ/kg时日增重最佳。     

高温高湿环境下饲粮能量水平对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮消化能水平在高温高湿饲养环境下对生长肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响,以确定生长肥育猪适宜的消化能水平。选取平均初始体重为(40.0±2.0)kg的健康“杜×长×大”生长猪50头,随机分为5个组,每个组10个重复(7头公猪,3头母猪),每个重复1头猪。5个组试验猪分别饲喂消化能水平为13.68、13.88、14.09、14.30和14.51 MJ/kg的饲粮,试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)在高温高湿环境下,随着饲粮消化能水平的提高,试验猪生长期、育肥期及试验全期的平均日采食量呈下降趋势,而平均日增重(ADG)呈先升高后降低、料重比呈先降低后升高的趋势。猪生长期和全期的ADG与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y1=-878.02X^2+24708.94X-173289.53(R^2=0.69,P<0.01)和Y2=-436.56X^2+12276.96X-85600.33(R^2=0.54,P<0.05),当ADG达到最大时,对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.07和14.06 MJ/kg。2)饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清总蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和免疫球蛋白G含量存在显著影响(P<0.05),并且以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组最高(P<0.05)。3)饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪血清脂蛋白脂肪酶、脂肪酶(LPS)活性分别有极显著(P<0.01)和显著性(P<0.05)影响,而对血清苹果酸脱氢酶活性以及脂联素和生长激素含量没有显著影响(P>0.05);猪血清LPS活性与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程为Y3=133.00X^2-3761.26X+26664.78(R^2=0.83,P<0.05),当血清LPS活性最低时,对应饲粮消化能水平为14.14 MJ/kg。4)随着饲粮消化能水平的提高,生长育肥猪的皮脂率显著提高(P<0.05),肌肉滴水损失和剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),并以14.09 MJ/kg消化能组的肉品质最优,其滴水损失和剪切力显著低于13.68 MJ/kg消化能组(P<0.05);猪肉滴水损失和剪切力与饲粮消化能水平的曲线方程分别为Y4=0.70X^2-19.92X+143.25(R^2=0.96,P<0.05)和Y5=2.88X^2-82.20X+590.36(R^2=0.99,P<0.05),当肌肉滴水损失、剪切力达到最低时,对应的饲粮消化能水平分别为14.23和14.27 MJ/kg。     

4.1～8.7kg早期断奶仔猪消化能需求参数研究

试验选用14日龄、体重约4.1kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]仔猪72头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,每个重复6头仔猪。分别饲喂含消化能(DE)浓度不同的6组饲粮 ,饲粮添加大豆油和椰子油各半 ,试验到仔猪体重达8.7kg 结束。通过饲养试验和屠宰试验 ,研究4.1～8.7kg 早期断奶仔猪消化能需求参数 ;同时采用相近体重阉公仔猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的消化能、代谢能浓度及各营养物质消化率和氮沉积。消化试验结果表明 ,上述各组饲粮消化能浓度依次为13.53、14.34、14.79、15.26、15.64、16.04MJ/kg ;随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高 ,饲粮中干物质、氮和粗脂肪消化率都显著或极显著提高(P<0.05、P<0.01) ,能量消化率趋于提高(P>0.05) ,氮存留量和存留效率也极显著提高(P<0.01)。饲养试验和屠宰试验结果表明 ,上述各组仔猪DE日摄入量依次为3990、3967、4158、4349、4198kJ/d。DE日摄入量4349和4158kJ/d组仔猪的综合生产性能优于其它组 ;胴体瘦肉率4349kJ/d组略高于其它组(P>0.05) ;随DE摄入量的增加 ,屠宰率和眼肌面积趋于提高(P>0.05)、胴体瘦肉日增重极显著提高(P<0.01);背膘厚和胴体脂肪率在饲粮DE浓度由13.53MJ/kg增至14.79MJ/kg时趋于提高 ,继续提高DE浓度至15.64MJ/kg 则趋于降低(P>0.05     

饲粮能量水平对渝荣Ⅰ号猪肥育后期生产性能和胴体肉质的影响

试验选用体重80 kg左右的渝荣Ⅰ号肥育猪60头,随机分为5个处理组,分别饲喂消化能浓度为12.99、13.49、14.09、14.57和15.07 MJ/kg的饲粮,每组3个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),研究不同能量水平对猪肥育后期生产性能和胴体肉质的影响.结果表明:渝荣Ⅰ号猪肥育后期(80～120 kg)消化能浓度为14.09 MJ/kg时生产性能最佳.随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高采食量下降、料肉比降低,日增重各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).平均背膘厚和屠宰率随着饲粮中消化能水平的提高有上升趋势,但在最高能量组(15.07 MJ/kg)出现了下降,瘦肉率的变化与背膘厚和屠宰率相反;饲粮消化能浓度对各肉质性状均无显著影响(P>0.05).     

不同净能水平的低蛋白日粮对猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

选取120头22kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交健康生长猪,随机分成5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头,探讨低蛋白不同净能水平(10.54、10.28、9.96、9.63、9.45MJ/kg)日粮对生长猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响。结果表明:日粮蛋白降低4个百分点,不同净能处理间的采食量和饲料转化率没有显著差异(P>0.05),日增重随净能的下降呈线性增加,以9.45MJ/kg组最高(P<0.05);养分消化率中,除钙的消化率外,其余养分的消化率均随净能水平的增加而线性下降(P<0.05)。降低净能水平后,血清赖氨酸含量线性增加(P=0.03),对其余氨基酸影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对血清尿素氮含量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。由此可得出,低蛋白日粮中净能水平的降低并不影响生长猪的生长性能和养分消化率。     

梅花母鹿泌乳期精料补充料中适宜营养水平研究

为探讨梅花鹿泌乳期精料补充料适宜蛋白质水平与能量浓度,本研究采用２(ＣＰ:２４%、２７%)×２(ＧＥ:１６．７４ ＭＪ/ｋｇ、１７．５７ ＭＪ/ｋｇ)二因子试验设计,选用健康经产母鹿４７头,分为４个试验组,进行了饲养试验和消化试验。试验结果表明,泌乳期精料补充料中的能量浓度对仔鹿体增重、蛋白质消化率、能量消化率均有极显著影响。高能处理组仔鹿体增重、蛋白质消化率、能量消化率均极显著高于低能处理组(Ｐ＜０．０１);泌乳期精料补充料中较适宜的蛋白质水平为２３．６%、能量浓度为１７．６ＭＪ/ｋｇ(ＧＥ);每头鹿每天需要可消化粗蛋白质２００~２１０ｇ、可消化能２４~２５ＭＪ。     

Effect of apparent ileal digestible lysine to energy ratio on performance of finishing pigs at different dietary metabolizable energy levels

A study with a total of 96 crossbred barrows and gilts fed ad libitum in a body weight range of 56-110 kg was carried out in order to investigate whether the optimum ratio of apparent ileal digestible lysine : energy (ME) depends on the energy density of the diet. Dietary treatments were ratios of 0.34, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.58 g digestible lysine/MJ ME either at an energy density of 13 or 14 MJ ME. Body weight gain as well as feed and ME conversion rate were improved when lysine : ME ratio increased from 0.34 to 0.50, whereby all parameters showed a significant ratio x sex interaction. Feed intake and feed conversion rate were higher at a dietary energy density of 13 MJ ME than at an energy density of 14 MJ ME but energy density did not influence daily growth rate, ME intake and ME conversion rate. Fat area above eye muscle and meat : fat ratio were lower and eye muscle area and lean percentage were higher at a ratio of 0.42 compared with a ratio of 0.34. Daily feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion rate and parameters of fatness were higher in barrows than in gilts. Conversely, gilts had higher eye muscle area and lean percentage. Optimum ratio for body weight gain, feed and ME conversion rate calculated by exponential regression analysis were 0.42-0.43 in barrows. In gilts, feed and ME conversion rate were optimized at a ratio of 0.53 and 0.54. Because growth showed a linear response to increasing digestible lysine : ME ratios, optimum ratio for daily gain in gilts is considered to be at least 0.58.     

能量水平对20～30 kg羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同能量水平对道寒杂交羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响,为肉用羔羊配制适宜营养水平的日粮提供依据。选用体重20 kg左右的道寒杂交断奶公羔48只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。以NRC(2007)营养需要量参数为依据,配制不同代谢能水平(10.12、11.11、12.05 MJ/kg)日粮,可消化蛋白(11%)、钙和磷水平一致。试验预试期15 d,正试期50 d。当其中1组平均体重达到30 kg时,每组取6只,采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定能量和氮表观消化率。结果表明:羔羊体重、日增重、采食量均随能量水平的增加而提高,其中高能组极显著高于低能组(P0.01),显著高于中能组(P0.05),中能组显著高于低能组(P0.05);高能组日粮能量表观消化率显著高于低能组和中能组(P0.05),低能组与中能组间差异不显著(P0.05);高能组和中能组的日粮氮表观消化率极显著高于低能组(P0.01),高能组与中组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮能量水平影响羔羊能量和蛋白的消化利用及生长发育,当20~30 kg羔羊日粮含11%可消化蛋白,代谢能为12 MJ/kg时羔羊生长性能、能量和蛋白利用率最佳。     

The effect of date fibre supplemented with an exogenous enzyme on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of date fibre as a partial replacement of maize as a source of energy for growing broiler chicken. In experiment 1, date fibre was given alone to determine apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and crude fibre. 2. Date fibre had lower AME content (8.7 vs 13.6 MJ/kg) and apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for dry matter (0.35 vs 0.83), crude fibre (0.20 vs 0.54) and amino acids. 3. Based on the results of experiment 1, a growth study was conducted to test the effect of exogenous enzymes on the nutritive value of date fibre (experiment 2). 4. Three date fibre contents (5, 10 and 15%) with and without enzyme supplementation were evaluated. Daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of experiment 2, 160 birds were randomly selected and slaughtered to evaluate carcase and meat quality traits as well as measuring ileal viscosity. 5. Substitution of maize by 10 and 15% date fibre significantly depressed AME. Enzyme supplementation did not improve crude fibre digestibility. The inclusion of date fibre in the diets except at 5% decreased average daily gains, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. 6. Addition of date fibre caused a significant increase in the weights of total digestive tract, pancreas and caecum. Addition of date fibre or the exogenous enzyme had no significant effect on carcase or meat quality characteristics. 7. Date fibre increased ileal digesta viscosity compared to the control. Addition of the exogenous enzyme decreased the viscosity of the basal diets but had no effect on the date fibre diets.8. This study indicated that date fibre can be included at levels of 5% in broiler diets without affecting performance.     

不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对宁乡猪生长性能、胴体品质及肉品质的影响.选用体重约18 kg的宁乡猪仔猪72头,随机分为3组(每组4个重复,每个重复6头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮(前、中、后3期蛋白质水平分别为14.03％、12.06％、11.01％;全期消化能为12.15 MJ/kg);试验A组饲喂在基础饲粮的基...     

Protein intake but not feed intake affects dietary energy for finishing pigs

The effects of dietary protein and feeding levels on dietary metabolizable (ME) and net energy (NE) content were determined in 24 pigs, each offered two diets at 2.0 times the energetic maintenance requirement or for ad libitum intake between 55 and 95 kg body weight. Within feeding levels, pigs received, in random order, low‐protein (LP; 11.2% CP, 0.61% lysine) or high‐protein (HP; 20.2% CP, 0.61% lysine) diets of similar digestible energy content. Dietary NE was calculated from heat production based on 24‐h indirect calorimetry following a 7‐day N‐balance period. Feed intake was greater for LP than HP when fed for ad libitum intake (p = 0.001). Protein level did not affect daily gain (p > 0.1) but HP improved gain: feed (p = 0.003). Dietary ME and NE were not significantly affected by feeding level but were decreased by high protein intake (p < 0.07). Reducing dietary protein reduced urinary energy losses and increased energy retention but did not affect heat production. The effect of dietary protein restriction was already evident on the ME level and carried over to a similar degree to the NE level because the utilization of ME was not affected by protein level. Dietary ME and NE decreased by 0.012 MJ/kg (p = 0.014) and 0.018 MJ/kg (p = 0.062), respectively, for each gram per day N intake. The results suggest that although there was an effect of protein level on NE, the greatest effect occurred at the level of ME. However, the prediction of both ME and NE may be improved by adopting energy values for dietary protein that changes with dietary protein content.     

The pollution of water by fish feeding

Fish feeding causes water pollution by uneaten feeds, by faeces and by excretions via gills and kidneys. Pellet stability is essential for maximizing the consumed proportion of diets offered. At given water temperatures and feeding to satiation feed intake of trout its negatively correlated to dietary concentration of digestible energy. Increasing DE from 15 to 20 MJ per kg reduces feed conversion ratio from 1.33 to 1.00 and, concurrently, reduces the amount of organic matter voided in faeces from 680 to 230 g per kg weight gain of trout. For minimizing water pollution, trout diets containing 20 MJ DE per kg should not exceed 40% Protein and 0.6% P.     

The net energy value of crude fat for growth in pigsValeur énergt́ique nette des matières grasses pour la croissance du porcDer Nettoenergiewert von Rohfett für das Wachstum bei Schweinen

An experiment with 36 growing pigs of Danish Landrace was performed to study the influence of crude (animal) fat on the digestibility of crude fat and on the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy.The pigs (females from 3 litters and male castrates from 3 litters) were distributed on six dietary treatments on a within-litter basis, taking into account the live weight of the pigs. The daily intake of the different diets was regulated in such a way that the daily gain in the different treatment groups was almost identical throughout the entire experimental period from 20–90 kg.Three digestibility and balance experiments were performed with each pig, and at approximately 90 kg live weight the pigs were killed, dissected, ground, mixed and chemically analysed. The digestibility of crude fat increased with increasing concentration of dietary fat and the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy was increased by 5.0 kJ g^?1 digestible crude fat.Digestibility experiments with ileo-caecal cannulated pigs showed that the proportion of the digested crude fat and fatty acids disappearing in the caecum—colon decreased with increasing concentration of dietary crude fat, which results in a positive contribution of digestible crude fat to net energy besides its contribution to metabolizable energy.     

乌金猪日粮能量水平对生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本文旨在研究日粮不同能量水平对乌金猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响,采用模糊综合评定系统分析确定最佳生长性能和胴体品质所需的日粮适宜能量水平.试验采用单因子随机分组设计,选取体重15 kg左右的乌金猪90头,随机分为5组,每组18头.日粮能量水平分别为14.22、13.60、12.98、12.36和11.74 MJ/kg.结果表明,随日粮能量水平的降低,不同生长阶段的日增重逐渐降低,料重比逐渐升高,15～30 kg阶段日增重无显著差异(P>0.05).在60和100 kg体重时随日粮能量水平的降低,瘦肉重、瘦肉率和眼肌面积增加,脂肪重、脂肪率和背膘厚降低.通过拟合曲线确定15～30 kg、30～60 kg和60～100 kg阶段最佳生长性能所需的日粮适宜能量水平分别为14.01、13.15和12.98 MJ/kg.确定15～30 kg、30～60 kg和60～100 kg阶段时获得最优胴体品质时,适宜的日粮能量水平分别为11.13、11.36和11.71 MJ/kg.综合评定生长性能和胴体品质,15～30 kg、30～60 kg和60～100 kg阶段,乌金猪获得最佳生长性能的胴体品质的日粮适宜能量水平分别为13.55、12.81和13.20 MJ/kg.研究结果为乌金猪的合理饲养提供科学依据.