南京裂爪螨的研究

南京裂爪螨为害毛竹、早竹、角竹、哺鸡竹等,被害竹叶背面带有蛛丝网膜,竹叶正面出现枯黄色焦斑,影响光合作用,严重危害致竹叶脱落,影响下年度新竹产量、质量,甚至致老竹枯死。在杭州一年发生6～8代,11月中下旬,以成螨,卵在竹叶背面丝网内越冬,翌年3月中下旬,越冬雌螨产卵,4月上旬卵孵化,10月中旬雌成螨逐渐停止产卵,准备越冬。该螨在丝网内营群居生活。丝网内螨密度大时,雌成螨即爬出丝膜,另织网为害繁殖。雌成螨羽化后7～22天产卵,一天或隔天产卵1～2粒,平均一生产卵17粒。该螨营两性生殖和孤雌生殖。南京裂爪螨天敌有5种(类),以植绥螨为主,日捕食量4头雌成螨。清理竹叶、竹腔注射50％甲胺磷、40％氧化乐果防治有效。     

杉木甲螨生活史初步观察与农药防治试验

杉木甲螨（Podoribatessp．）是危害杉木的一种新害虫，该虫在浙江黄岩1年发生数代，卵、若螨、成螨3种虫态混合世代重叠，5月上旬～6月下旬及7月下旬～8月下旬有2次发生盛期，10月进入越冬，以成螨在杉木枝梢节叉处越冬，翌年5月初开始产卵。通过几种药剂试验，发现三唑锡1500倍液和1600倍液对甲螨有较好的防治效果，分别达100％和98％，综合效益，以水胺磷1500倍液更适合大面积林间防治。     

膜肩网蝽抗寒的特异功能及防治

山东临沂地区营造的杨树丰产林,由于采用优良品种和集约栽培技术,达到了“二年成椽,三年成檩,五年成梁”的生长速度。但从1983～1985年在这些丰产林中有一种膜肩网蝽(Hegesidemus barbus Drake)(见照片,以下简称网蝽)在不同的林分中不断猖獗危害,给这些丰产林的生长造成一定的影响。 春天到了,蛰居数月的越冬网蝽成虫,又要上树危害了。那么这种害虫是凭什     

竹缺爪螨生物学特性及其发生与环境的关系

研究结果表明,竹缺爪螨（ Ａｐｏｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｏｒｐｕｚａｅ Ｒｉｍａｎｄｏ） 营两性或孤雌生殖,孤雌生殖产雄卵;雌螨日产卵１ ～２ 粒,一生平均产卵９－８ 粒;林间自然性比为２－３５∶１ ;该螨以雌成螨和卵滞育,１１ 月中旬入蛰,３ 月上旬出蛰;在一定温度范围内,各螨态发育历期随温度升高而变短,从卵到成螨产卵有效积温为２８０－７６ 日度,发育起始温度为１３－３２ ℃。该螨还可取食苦绿竹（ Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍ ｕｓｂａｓｉｈｉｒｓｕｔａ） 、长毛米筛竹（ Ｂａｍｂｕｓａ ｐａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 、半耳箬竹（ Ｚｎｄｒｏｃａｌｍｕｓｌｏｎｇｉａｕｒｔｕｓ） ,并完成其生活史,在麻竹（ Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｏｐｓｉｓｌａｔｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ） 、毛金竹（ Ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓｎｉｇｒａ） 上不能存活,在苦绿竹上完成１ 代需１８－４ ｄ;降雨的冲刷及浸水对幼、若、成螨存活影响较大,短期浸水对卵孵化影响不大,浸水１ ｄ 后卵孵化率降至３０－６５ ％ 。利用灰色关联度（Ｔｈｅ Ｇｒａｙ Ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ） 方法分析湿度、气温、降雨量、天敌４ 个因子对该螨种群消长的影响,结果表明,４ 个因子对幼、若、成螨数量消长的关联序为湿度＞ 降雨量＞ 天敌     

拟长毛钝绥螨的生物学特性及捕食作用研究

拟长毛钝绥螨在浙江余杭1年发生20代左右。日均温24.82±0.20℃时,完成一个世代需10.22±0.85天。雌成螨寿命52.40±15.38天,日均产卵1.33±0.42粒,一生平均捕食南京裂爪螨雌成螨127.43±5.60头。捕食量随南京裂爪螨密度的增大而增加,但随捕食者本身密度的增大而减少。产卵量随捕食量的增加而增加。发育历期随捕食量的增加而缩短。林间释放防治南京裂爪螨以益害比1:20防效最佳。     

娇膜肩网蝽的初步观察

本文报道娇膜肩网蝽(Hegesidemus hadrus Drade)在赣中地区的生活习性、生活史及发生发展规律,并提出了防治方法和效果。     

膜肩网蝽的生物学和防治

膜肩网蝽(Hegesidemus habrus Drake)属半翅目、网蝽科(Tingidae)的网蝽亚科(Tingndae)。成、若虫均危害多种杨树。尤其近年来随着新培育和新引进的杨树品种不断增加,以及营造丰产林的面积日益扩大。目前此虫在山东、江苏和河南等省的一些杨树丰产林中连年发生猖獗。为此对该虫的生物学和防治进行了研究。     

释放花绒寄甲卵对光肩星天牛幼虫的防治效果

采用木块法饲养花绒寄甲成虫,然后将其所产的卵块保存在5℃恒温条件下,以确定低温保存后花绒寄甲卵的生活力、初孵幼虫的行为学和对光肩星天牛幼虫的寄生率,并比较林间释放花绒寄甲卵与树干打孔注药(氧化乐果)防治光肩星天牛幼虫的防治效果.结果表明:低温保存49天与花绒寄甲新产卵的孵化率没有差异,花绒寄甲1龄幼虫在室内可存活1～8天、平均2.26天,爬行速度为6.5～100 cm·h-1,平均25.23 cm·h-1,室内及林间释放花绒寄甲卵后其初孵幼虫均能找到光肩星天牛幼虫并进行寄生;如果温度和湿度适宜,按照每头光肩星天牛幼虫释放15～25粒花绒寄甲卵时其寄生率可达90%;树干打孔注药与林间释放花绒寄甲卵后光肩星天牛幼虫的虫口减退率均在85%以上,两者的控制效果基本无差别.     

淡娇异蝽生物学特性及无公害防治

对武义县板栗林中为害较为严重的淡娇异蝽30多年的观察和防治试验表明,淡娇异蝽1年1代,以卵越冬,越冬卵一般在2月下旬至3月上旬孵化,4月上中旬若虫开始为害嫩梢,5月中旬至6月上旬陆续进入成虫期,10月底或11月初开始产卵越冬;若虫发育历期34～61 d,3龄若虫对板栗危害最严重;成虫历期145～213 d;卵期102～135 d;无公害防治采取刮除卵块,石硫合剂喷雾,2.5%的溴氰菊酯、10%吡虫啉防治淡娇异蝽药效最好。     

二点叶螨生物学特性的研究

在温度26±1℃,相对湿度(75±5)%条件下,室内饲养二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticaeKoch)的卵期为4 57d,幼螨期1 93d,前若螨期1 90d,后若螨期2 52d,实验种群雌成螨的平均寿命 15 96d,雌雄性比 29∶7,单雌产卵量 62 54 粒。实验种群的内禀增长力为 0 1566/d,在稳定群年龄分布中,未成熟期占总量的93 01%,成熟期占6 99%。     

Aphid aqueous-extract as a source of host searching kairomones for the aphidophagous predatorCoccinella septempunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae)

AdultCoccinella septempunctata, a coccinellid predator of the bean aphidAphis fabae Scop., responded to aqueous extract containing kairomones of the prey. The crude aphidextract was topically dropped onto either clean leaves ofVicia faba or clean Petri-dishes. After application of aqueous-extract at different aphid densities, the predator showed variations in the attractivity and searching behaviour in comparisons with control. The variations are summarized as follows: (1) the aqueous-extract of aphids attract or directC. septempunctata adults to the treated vials at all aphid densities. The number of attracted or directed coccinellid adults was directly proportional with aphid concentrations; (2) the predatorC. septempunctata adult intensified its searching behaviour by increasing the total path length walked; (3) the number of turns exhibited is significantly higher as compared with those of control; and (4) the arrested time spent by coccinellid adults with treated plant is much more than that with clean plant at all aphid densities. The present results show that the aphid aqueous-extract contains the active ingredients (kairomone) which induce considerable changes in the searching pattern of the predator coccinellid adults.     

日本高姬蝽的研究

日本高姬蝽(Gorpis japenicus Kerzhner)是柿零叶蝉(Limassolla diospyriChou et Ma)的天敌。1年1代,以卵在树皮缝中越冬。其成虫和若虫对柿零叶蝉的功能反应是HollingⅡ型曲线,当柿零叶蝉密度较低时,日本高姬蝽对柿零叶蝉起到一定的控制作用.随着日本高姬蝽虫龄的增长,取食量增大,其中5龄若虫和成虫的捕食作用较大.     

The scale Nemolecanium graniformis (Wunn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Greece

The phenology and natural enemies of Nemolecanium graniformis (Wunn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in infesting Abies cephalonica, were studied in Greece during 1998?–?1999. This oviparous species develops one generation per year in Central Greece (Attica) and overwinters as 2^nd instar nymph. Young adult females appear by the end of July, and the first instar nymphs by the middle of August. By the middle of October, the whole population of the scale is recorded as 2^nd instar nymphs. The parasitoids Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus Westwood sp., Aphycoides Mercet sp. and the predator Exochomus quadripustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were observed as natural enemies of the scale. The average fecundity of N. graniformis was 188.4 eggs.     

Temperature-dependent development and survival of Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): implications for mass rearing and biological control

The spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), is a generalist predator that can control >75 insect pests in various agroecosystems. Despite valuable results from the previous studies, thermal development and survival of P. maculiventris over a wide range of temperatures had not been elucidated completely. This study was conducted to investigate the stage-specific development and survival of P. maculiventris at eight constant temperatures (13.2, 18.4, 21.7, 23.7, 27.2, 32.7, 35.2, and 40.6 °C) covering the entire thermal range for P. maculiventris development. Completion of egg development was observed at 13.2–32.7 °C, whereas nymphs successfully developed into adults at 18.4–32.7 °C. Survival model using log-normal equations showed bell-shape patterns for all stages, and temperatures resulting in highest survival of P. maculiventris were 19.9, 24.3, and 24.5 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Developmental rates at the eight temperatures were fitted with a nonlinear Briere model, which estimated optimal temperatures for development as 31.2, 30.6, and 30.6 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Operative thermal ranges (i.e., in-between the lower and upper developmental thresholds) were estimated to be 8.9–35.2, 12.8–35.2, and 12.7–35.2 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. In a linear model, the lower thresholds were 10.9, 13.1, and 13.0 °C for egg, nymph, and egg to adult, respectively. Findings herein provide comprehensive data and explanations on optimal temperature and thermal requirement for P. maculiventris, which can be used to optimize environmental condition in mass rearing and predicting phenology of P. maculiventris in the field.     

永安市佛州龟蜡蚧的发生与危害

佛州龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock在福建省永安市天竺桂上1 a发生2代,以雌成虫或3龄若虫越冬。该虫寄生在1～2年生的枝叶上,各方位虫口密度没有规律性。在永安主要危害天竺桂。环境污染有利于该蚧大发生;初孵若虫受持续高温干燥气候及大雨的影响较为明显。天敌的控制能力不强。     

华栗绛蚧的生物学特性及防治

华栗绛蚧是板栗枝干上的主要刺吸性害虫之一。该虫1 a发生1代,以2龄若虫越冬,越冬后的2龄若虫和雌成虫固定寄生在板栗枝干上刺吸寄主汁液危害。成虫期在4月上旬至5月下旬,行两性生殖,存在孤雌生殖,雌成虫平均产卵量为3 975粒。若虫在5月上旬孵化,5月末达盛期。用10%高渗吡虫啉可湿性粉剂1 000倍液在越冬若虫膨大期进行喷杀效果好。黑缘红瓢虫、绛蚧跳小蜂和芽枝状芽孢霉菌是控制虫口密度的重要天敌。     

Passive dispersal of the grape rust mite Calepitrimerus vitis Nalepa 1905 (Acari, Eriophyoidea) in vineyards

Modes of passive dispersal of the grape rust mite Calepitrimerus vitis (Eriophyoidea) were investigated in a vineyard of South-Western Germany. More than 200 Eriophyoidea per month were trapped in a wind chamber during summer (32,1?% C.?vitis) suggesting long-distance dispersal by air currents. Rain washed part of the adult C.?vitis population from the foliage. SE micrographs suggest that quiescent nymphs are affixed to the leaf by a substance of unknown nature. However, the role of rain in C.?vitis colonisation of uninfested vineyards is still unclear, as is the role of phoretic transport by arthropods. For the first time, evidence of rust mite dispersal by human activity is presented. A large number of C.?vitis was found adhering to clothes and hands of workers carrying out customary cultural practices in the vineyard. Other arthropods, including Typhlodromus pyri, the main predator of C.?vitis, were also passively transported by wind, rain and human activity.     

九寨沟中华松针蚧生物学特性研究

中华松针蚧Sonsaucoccus sinensis (Chen)在九寨沟主要危害油松,也危害其他松类。该虫1 a发生1代,主要以2龄若虫在松针上越冬;3月下旬雄若虫老熟,出壳结茧化蛹,5月上旬成虫羽化交配,6月上旬开始产卵,6月下旬若虫孵化,发育至2龄于10月下旬开始越冬。年发生动态分越冬代为害、初孵若虫为害和虫口自然消减3个时期;发生为害程度与温度、湿度、海拔、坡向等环境因子密切相关。     

角眼牡蛎蚧生物学特性及防治研究初报

角眼牡蛎蚧是樟树上的重要害虫,在浙江省余姚市1a发生3代,大多以受精的雌成虫越冬,少量以孕卵雌成虫、卵、若虫和蛹越冬。初孵若虫期喷洒0.3%阿维菌素乳油或10%吡虫啉乳油,固定若虫期喷洒40%杀扑磷乳油,基本能控制其危害。