肠道健康对优化家禽生产性能至关重要

肠道健康对生产用动物的生产性能、健康和福利至关重要。除了由常见病原体诱导的肠道疾病之外,消化障碍正逐渐成为另一个日益严重的问题。这些问题的常见特征是发生肠炎和肠道绒毛缩短,它们均会影响动物的生产性能。     

反刍动物日粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平对粗纤维消化率的影响

本文根据反刍动物蛋白质、脂肪营养代谢的特点，较为详尽的阐述了日粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平对粗纤维消化率的影响。旨在使人们系统掌握反刍运物日粮中主要营养要素之间的关系，利用已验证的技术合理配制日粮，提高反刍动物饲料利用率和生产性能。     

低蛋白质饲粮对家禽肠道健康的影响研究进展

通过在低蛋白质饲粮中补充合成氨基酸,是解决当前养殖生产中蛋白质饲料资源短缺和降低饲料成本的有效途径之一。健全的肠道功能在维持机体健康和生产性能方面发挥至关重要的作用。动物肠道需要一定水平的营养物质来维持肠黏膜的生长以及发挥肠道功能,饲粮蛋白质水平对于肠道结构、消化吸收及免疫功能等具有显著影响。本文综述了低蛋白质饲粮对家禽肠道健康、肠道形态及屏障结构影响的研究进展,旨在为低蛋白质饲粮及相关技术在肠道功能研究和家禽生产上进一步推广应用提供参考。     

不同钙水平对仔猪生长性能、养分利用及经济效益的影响

文章旨在探究日粮中不同钙水平对仔猪生长性能、养分利用及经济效益的影响。试验选择200头仔猪,随机分为4组,每组50头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,基础日粮钙含量为0.60%。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪饲喂钙含量分别为0.80%、1.00%和1.20%的日粮,不同处理日粮中钙含量通过调整日粮中贝壳粉用量实现。预饲期7d,正式期30d。结果发现,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪的末重、平均日采食量显著增加（P <0.05）,料重比显著降低（P <0.05）;试验组仔猪的干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质及粗脂肪的表观消化率均显著增加（P <0.05）,其中试验Ⅰ组和对照组仔猪的平均日增重无显著差异（P> 0.05）,试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、干物质、有机质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率无显著差异（P> 0.05）,而显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P <0.05）。从经济效益看,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪的养殖收入分别增加了36、72和79元;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪的经济效益分别增加30.85、61.60和67.55元。总的来讲,日粮中钙水平的增加可以显著提高仔猪平均日增重和...     

不同净能水平的低蛋白质日粮对猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

低蛋白质日粮是指将日粮蛋白质水平按NRC推荐标准降低2～4个百分点,通过添加合成氨基酸,降低蛋白质原料用量来满足动物对氨基酸的需求。本试验采用低蛋白质日粮饲喂生长猪以探讨低蛋白质饲粮的使用效果。     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选择云南地方培育优良母系-滇昆系(N2系)和国外长白、杜洛克、大约克(D、L、Y)公猪杂交的仔猪进行两种日粮蛋白水平的饲养试验,分析了不同蛋白质水平对仔猪的生长性能及公母猪、不同杂交组合的生长性能的影响.结果说明在南方气候条件下,玉米-豆粕型日粮的蛋白质水平分别为乳猪料(7～35日龄)18%、仔猪料(36～70日龄)16%时,更利于仔猪生长增重;仔猪生长性能没有明显性别差异;3种杂交组合中以大约克公猪×滇昆母猪(YN2)组合受蛋白质水平变化的影响较小.     

不同钙和非植酸磷水平对快大型黄羽肉鸡生长性能和胫骨性状的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮钙(Ca)和非植酸磷(NPP)水平对快大型黄羽肉鸡生长性能和胫骨性状的影响。【方法】选取1日龄快大型黄羽公鸡4 050只,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复75只。采用3(Ca水平)×3(NPP水平)双因素设计,试验期63 d。小鸡阶段(1～21日龄),Ca水平为1.00%、0.90%、0.85%,NPP水平为0.46%、0.38%、0.30%;中鸡阶段(22～42日龄),Ca水平为0.90%、0.75%、0.65%,NPP水平为0.42%、0.35%、0.28%;大鸡阶段(43～63日龄),Ca水平为0.80%、0.70%、0.60%,NPP水平为0.39%、0.31%、0.23%。利用采食量和体增重计算0～21、22～42、43～63和0～63 d料重比。试验第63天,每个重复随机挑选肉鸡2只,屠宰后取胫骨和血清,测定肉鸡胫骨性状和血液Ca、磷(P)水平。【结果】随着饲粮中Ca水平降低,肉鸡生长性能并未出现显著变化(P>0.05)。饲粮中NPP水平降低对整个生长周期肉鸡生长性能没有显著影响(P>0.05)。但在小鸡阶段,NPP水平降低,料重比显...     

日粮蛋白质水平对松辽黑仔猪生长性能的影响

选用80±3日龄、体重为22.7±1.1kg的松辽黑仔猪27头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复3头仔猪。通过测量日增重、日采食量、料肉比、腹泻程度及日粮蛋白质消化率,分析日粮蛋白质水平对松辽黑仔猪生长性能的影响。实验表明,在日采食量方面3组日粮无显著差异。日增重方面,1周和2周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组日粮无显著差异。料肉比方面,1周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组饲料的料肉比无显著差异。腹泻方面,17.7%组和14.7%组的腹泻情况优于对照组。蛋白质消化率方面,1d、2周、3周时对照组与实验组有差异,在整个实验期3组日粮差异不显著。实验表明,当日粮蛋白含量为17.7%时松辽黑仔猪有较低的腹泻率和较好的生长性能及蛋白质消化率,并能较好的体现松辽黑猪的种质特性。     

中国家禽营养与饲料研究最新进展

1能量 1．1日粮能量水平影响家禽的生产性能 Yang等探讨了不同代谢能和粗蛋白水平对合浦鹅日粮养分消化率及生长性能的影响。结果表明,粗蛋白质水平为15．10％和代谢能水平为10．03兆焦／千克的日粮,具有较高的养分消化率,但不同代谢能水平对试验鹅的生长性能影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）;代谢能水平为11．50兆焦／千克和粗蛋白质水平为12．50％的日粮也具有较高的养分消化率,但不同粗蛋白质水平对试验鹅的生长性能影响差异也不显著fP〉0．05）。该研究表明,     

配合日粮营养水平失衡对家禽的危害

家禽的繁殖性能好坏，除了受家禽的健康壮况、肥瘦、饲养管理、外界环境等因素的制约外，而且还与日粮营养水平是否平衡有关。配合日粮所含各种营养若不能满足家禽生长发育、生产繁殖等各个阶段的营养需要，或所供日粮某种营养成分太多或缺乏，使整个配合日粮营养水平失去平衡，将会直接或间接的对家禽的繁殖性能造成危害，具体表现在以下几方面。     

内蒙古牧区察哈尔羔羊饲粮钙磷适宜水平研究

本试验采用4个不同钙磷水平的饲粮饲喂断奶后察哈尔羔羊,研究钙磷对断奶羔羊生长、钙磷营养消化代谢和排放量、骨骼的影响。选取70日龄健康、体重(16.27±3.33) kg断奶察哈尔羔羊120只(公母各半),随机分成4个组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只羊,分别饲喂4种饲粮,其钙磷含量分别为:Ⅰ组,0.49%、0.28%;Ⅱ组,0.55%、0.32%;Ⅲ组,0.64%、0.47%;Ⅳ组,0.87%、0.70%。饲养试验期65 d,其后,每组选6只羔羊(公母各半),全收粪法进行消化代谢试验。试验结果:1)饲粮钙磷水平对断奶羔羊平均日增重、体尺、干物质采食量和饲粮转化率影响皆不显著(P>0.05);2)血清钙含量Ⅳ组显著高于其他3组,血清碱性磷酸酶Ⅰ组显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);3)Ⅰ组钙表观消化率显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),随饲粮钙磷水平升高羔羊钙磷排放量增加(P<0.05);4)Ⅳ组胫骨灰分含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组跖骨灰分含量显著低于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),胫骨磷含量Ⅳ组显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);5)冬春季节改变羔羊饲喂模式增加了内蒙古地区草原生态系统中钙磷的输入。综上所述,饲粮钙磷水平升高降低了断奶羔羊的钙表观消化率,显著增加了钙磷的排放量,提高了羔羊骨骼钙磷沉积。在本试验条件下,饲粮钙磷含量分别为0.49%、0.28%,内蒙古地区冬春季断奶羔羊即可获得较好的生长性能。     

低聚果糖对畜禽肠道健康影响的研究进展

低聚果糖作为益生元的代表性物质,因为特殊的理化性质,添加于饲料中具有防水防霉等优势。低聚果糖可选择性被肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等有益菌利用促进其增殖,而对大肠杆菌等有害菌具有抑制作用。低聚果糖除能通过促进生长、降低腹泻和死亡率等来改善畜禽生产性能,还能通过调控肠道菌群、肠道发酵、维持肠黏膜形态和提高机体免疫等来促进畜禽肠道健康。本文对低聚果糖在畜禽肠道健康方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在为其在饲料中的开发利用提供应用和理论依据。[关键词] 低聚果糖|畜禽|肠道健康     

The effect of short-term phytase supplementation on the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the reproductive performance of late gestation and lactating sows fed diets without mineral phosphorus

The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late gestation and lactating sows. A total of 45 late gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001), while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5–375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07–0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late gestation sows.     

日粮纤维素水平及饲养环境对断奶猪生长性能、养分消化及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的纤维素及不同饲养环境对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及小肠绒毛形态的影响.试验将1296头24?d断奶、平均体重无显著差异的仔猪随机分为4组,每组324头,每组6个重复(54头/重复).将T1和T2组断奶仔猪饲养在环境条件良好的圈舍中,在断奶后前2周分别饲喂纤维素水平为0％和2％的日...     

Impacts of calcium and phosphorus concentration,their ratio,and phytase supplementation level on growth performance,foot pad lesions,and hock burn of broiler chickens

Concerns about the environment, nutrition, and farm profits all point to the increasing importance of the phosphorus (P) content of a diet. Animals must now be fed near their P requirements. However, it is very difficult to know the exact P requirements of broilers. The objective of this study was to provide efficacy data of a 6-phytase for use in broilers at different Ca levels and Ca/P ratios. Broilers were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with 6 replicates. The treatments comprised diets differing in Ca and P level: 1) normal Ca and total normal phosphorus (Pt) level, 2) normal Ca and low Pt level, 3) low Ca and Pt level, and differing in phytase level (no, normal or high phytase supplementation). During the entire study, lowest BW was obtained when broilers were given the imbalanced (normal Ca and low Pt level) diet with low phytase supplementation. Among the balanced dietary treatments no significant effects on performance were observed. A higher Ca/Pt ratio decreased feed intake, whereas addition of phytase increased feed intake. For the starter period, the most favorable feed conversion was obtained when broilers were fed the imbalanced diet with a high dosage of phytase or the low Ca, low Pt diet supplemented with phytase. For the grower and finisher period, broilers with the highest weight gain had the highest feed intake resulting in comparable feed conversions between treatments. Litter quality was not affected by dietary treatments but prevalence of foot pad lesions and hock burn was significantly influenced by treatments. The highest percentage of both was seen when broilers were given the imbalanced diets. The overall results of this study emphasises the relevance of the Ca/P ratio in modern broiler feeding and P studies. It can be concluded from this study that dietary Ca and P concentrations can be reduced by 20% if done in a balanced way. If done in combination with phytase supplementation, performance results improve even more.     

日粮能量水平对母羊繁殖性能影响的研究进展

能量是影响母羊繁殖性能的重要因素之一.满足母羊不同时期的能量需求是提高母羊生产效益的重要措施,对保证母羊繁殖和羔羊健康生长有重要意义.能量主要通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴来影响母羊的繁殖性能.文章综述不同能量水平对母羊的发情、胚胎发育、泌乳和羔羊生长的影响,以期为母羊合理的日粮能量水平提供依据.     

不同蛋白质水平饲粮对3~4月龄中国荷斯坦犊牛生长性能及消化率的影响

试验旨在研究3~4月龄中国荷斯坦犊牛的适宜饲粮蛋白水平。选取24头65日龄犊牛随机分为3组,分别饲喂19%、21%和23%3种蛋白水平饲粮,分析饲粮蛋白水平对犊牛生长性能、血液生化指标和消化率的影响。结果表明:饲喂19%、21%和23%3种蛋白水平饲粮后,试验全组的日增重分别为(1.19±0.16)kg/d、(1.23±0.16)kg/d、(1.24±0.13)kg/d,组间差异不显著;饲粮蛋白水平对犊牛体斜长显著影响(P<0.05)。血清尿素氮,甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸含量随着饲粮水平的增加而显著提高(P<0.01);饲粮蛋白质水平对总蛋白,白蛋白,乳酸脱氢酶,碱性磷酸酶,谷草转氨酶,总胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,葡萄糖等的影响不显著。粗蛋白、干物质粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维消化率随饲粮蛋白质水平提高而减低。综合试验犊牛日增重、体尺指标、血液指标和营养物质消化率等各方面的因素,在本试验条件下19%蛋白水平的饲粮对于3~4月龄犊牛最为合适。     

Products to alleviate the effects of necrotic enteritis and aflatoxin on growth performance,lesion scores,and mortality in young broilers

This study investigated the effects of necrotic enteritis challenge or a necrotic enteritis challenge with an additional challenge from dietary aflatoxin B₁ compared to broilers that were unchallenged. Also tested were products designed to help alleviate those effects. Lesion scores were higher in broilers challenged to induce necrotic enteritis, but this did not increase with added aflatoxin. The presence of dietary aflatoxin during a necrotic enteritis challenge significantly increased the negative effects of the necrotic enteritis challenge. During the necrotic enteritis challenge virginiamycin, Calibrin-Z, or a blend of Calibrin-Z, an organic acid, and yucca, helped to decrease the effects of the challenge. When birds are challenged with necrotic enteritis and dietary aflatoxin is present, Calibrin-Z had an advantage over all other tested products.     

肉鸡日粮钙源及其消化代谢研究进展

越来越多的人认识到钙源品质变化对肉鸡胃肠道pH、磷和氨基酸消化率、外源酶功效和胃肠道微生物种群的影响.本综述的目的是描述肉鸡饲料成分钙消化、代谢,重点介绍可能影响消化率的因素.但文献报道的钙消化和代谢的可重复性仍然存在局限性.未来使用玉米型日粮对回肠钙表观消化率系数进行评估,将钙与非植酸磷比例大于1:1的日粮适应期定为...     

高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和消化率的影响

文章旨在研究植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长发育的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,试验共分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡,各组分别为阳性对照组、负对照、负对照日粮+1000、2000和3000IU/kg植酸酶,试验结束后测定各组对骨功能、骨质量和血液矿物质的影响。随着日粮植酸酶添加水平的升高,显著改善了1~21d肉鸡日增重、采食量和料比(P<0.05),而1~42d肉鸡生长性能表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),其中负对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量最低(P<0.05),料比最高(P<0.05)。对照组较负对照组显著提高了42d肉鸡胫骨干物质含量(P<0.05)。随着植酸酶添加水平的升高,21d肉鸡血钙浓度表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血磷浓度先升高后降低,负对照日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶组最高(P<0.05)。42d肉鸡血磷浓度随日粮植酸酶水平的升高表现为二次曲线效应。对照组和负对照组较处理组显著提高了42d肉鸡血钙浓度(P<0.05)。与对照和负对照组相比,负对照添加植酸酶组显著降低了矿物质回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05),而负对照组+3000IU/kg植酸酶较对照组显著降低了能量回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05)。植酸酶在回归分析的基础上提高了肉鸡生长性能,添加高剂量植酸酶3000IU/kg显著提高21d肉鸡日增重。试验为期42d,日粮添加2000IU/kg植酸酶对肉鸡的增重和饲料转化率效果较好。