竹叶提取物对肉牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征及微生物数量的影响

试验研究竹叶提取物对肉牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征及微生物数量的影响.选取24头6月龄、体重(259.30±12.17) kg的西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为4组,每组6个重复.各组肉牛日粮中分别添加0(对照组)、40、80、120 g/d竹叶提取物,试验期180 d.结果 显示,80 g/d组肉牛的平均日增重和平均干物质采食...     

中草药复方添加剂对高温环境下肉牛体温和腹泻率的影响

为研究中草药复方添加剂对夏季高温高湿条件下肉牛体温和腹泻率的影响。试验选择8月龄,210 kg左右的锦江黄牛27头,分为高温对照组(对照组)、中草药复方添加剂1组(中草药1组)和中草药复方添加剂2组(中草药2组)三个处理,每组3个重复,每个重复3头牛。试验期为60 d,分三个阶段,每个阶段20 d。试验期间在每天早、中、晚观察记录温湿度表所测得的肉牛栏舍内温度和湿度,观测实验牛的体温变化及健康状况。结果表明:(1)随着热应激时间的延长,试验牛体温呈现下降趋势,在第60天时趋于正常;与对照组相比,中草药1组肉牛的体温有下降趋势,但无显著差异;中草药2组试验牛的体温在第21天和第41天显著低于对照组。(2)与对照组相比,试验1~20 d,中草药1组的腹泻指数无显著影响,中草药2组显著降低;试验21~40 d和41~60 d,中草药1组的腹泻指数分别较对照组降低63.6%和74.8%;中草药2组分别较对照组下降81.0%和87.7%。由此可见,添加两种中草药复方后可有效缓解夏季肉牛热应激反应,中草药复方2效果优于中草药复方1。     

中草药添加剂对肉牛增重效果研究

为了研究中草药饲料添加荆对肉牛的增重效果,选用310 kg左右健康无疾病的杂交肉牛60头,随机分为7组,每组10头.1组为对照组,2～4组为试验一组,分别饲喂含1%、1.5%和2%的自拟一号中草药添加剂饲粮,5～7组为试验二组,分别饲喂含1%、1.5%和2%自拟二号中草药添加剂饲粮,进行了为期60 d的育肥试验,所有试验牛的基础日粮相同.测定分析了试牛初重、末重和日增重.结果试验组的平均增重和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),表明使用中草药添加荆可以提高肉牛的日增重.     

中草药饲料添加剂对保育猪生长性能、肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究中药草添加剂(五倍子提取物)对保育猪生长性能、肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响.选取150头(7.31±0.12) kg的日龄相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪.5组分别为对照组(基础日粮)、氧化锌组(基础日粮+1000 mg/kg氧化锌)、中草药1组(基础日粮+2...     

复合益生菌制剂对肉牛生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响

为研究不同水平的复合益生菌制剂对肉牛生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重(200±4)kg肉牛60头随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别添加2.5％、5.0％、10％复合益生菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期为56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重...     

复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及免疫指标的影响

试验旨在探讨复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及免疫指标的影响.选取96头28日龄、体重相近、健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,试验2组、3组、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.6 g/kg复方中草药添加剂.预...     

酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

试验研究日粮中添加酵母培养物对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及抗氧化功能的影响.选取体重相近、健康的西门塔尔杂交肉牛80头,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头肉牛.对照组肉牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组(A、B、C、D)依次在基础日粮中添加50、100、150、200 g/(头·d)的酵母培养物...     

中草药制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响.试验选择21?d断奶、平均体重为(5.90±0.03)kg的仔猪450头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗菌肽组饲喂基础日粮+45?mg/kg抗菌肽,中草药组饲喂基础日粮+200?mg/kg中草药添加剂,试验...     

有机铬对肉牛生长性能、血液生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加有机铬对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血液生化指标的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(599.85±1.80)kg的荷斯坦肉牛24头,随机分为2组,每组12头,每组中的2头牛为一个重复.对照组饲喂以玉米、青贮玉米为主的日粮,处理组饲喂营养水平一致的日粮+0.15 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬.在为期20周的饲养试...     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.