Specific chromosome defect associated with human small-cell lung cancer; deletion 3p(14-23)

A specific, acquired chromosomal abnormality (deletion 3p) has been found in at least one chromosome 3 in 100 percent of the metaphases in 12 of 12 cell lines cultured from human small-cell lung cancer tissue and in 2-day tumor culture specimens from three patients. Analysis of the shortest region of overlap shows the deletion to be 3p(14-23). This specific change was not seen in five of five lung cancer cell lines other than small-cell lung cancer or in two lymphoblastoid lines cultured from cells of small-cell lung cancer patients whose tumors had the 3p deletion.     

Gene amplification of c-myc and N-myc in small cell carcinoma of the lung

The relationship of the copy numbers of the c-myc and N-myc oncogenes to tumor formation and progression was studied in small cell carcinoma of the lung. When 96 neoplastic lesions from 45 patients were examined, these lesions could be grouped into three categories: high copy (tumors with greater than 3 copies of the N-myc or c-myc gene per haploid genome), middle copy (1.5 to 3 copies per genome), and normal copy. Fourteen of the patients had middle copy tumors, but this was almost always a result of chromosome duplication rather than the amplification of a small genetic locus. In contrast, five patients had high copy tumors, with the increased copy number in each case due to gene amplification. The amplification did not occur in a heterogeneous fashion within individual patients, since all metastatic lesions from patients with high copy lung tumors were also high copy, while none of 41 metastatic lesions from the other patients were high copy. These data suggest that gene amplification is an important step in neoplastic growth in a subset of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and that this genetic event occurs relatively early (before metastasis) in this subset.     

High levels of intracellular bombesin characterize human small-cell lung carcinoma

"Small cells" or "oat cells" characterize a virulent form of lung cancer and share many biochemical properties with peptide-secreting neurones. The neuropeptide bombesin is present in all small-cell lines examined, but not in other lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that bombesinergic precursor cells in lung may give rise to this disease.     

A synthetic peptide from fibronectin inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells

Adhesive interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix occur at several stages of metastasis. Such interactions might be inhibited by synthetic peptide probes derived from the cell-binding regions of matrix molecules. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) is a pentapeptide sequence that appears to be critical for cell interaction with fibronectin. Coinjection of GRGDS with B16-F10 murine melanoma cells dramatically inhibited the formation of lung colonies in C57BL/6 mice. Two closely related control peptides, in which specific amino acids within the GRGDS sequence were transposed or substituted, displayed little or no activity. Inhibition by GRGDS was dose-dependent, noncytotoxic, and did not result from an impairment of cellular tumorigenicity. GRGDS may function by inhibiting tumor cell retention in the lung since radiolabeled B16-F10 tumor cells injected with the peptide were lost at a substantially greater rate than control cells.     

不同组织学类型肺癌脑转移的MRI表现

目的:探讨不同组织学类型肺癌脑转移的MRI表现.方法:回顾性分析36例行MRI检查、经手术病理证实为肺癌脑转移且已明确肺癌组织学类型的病例.结果:36例中,单发转移10例,多发转移26例;鳞癌19例,腺癌13例,小细胞癌1例,大细胞癌3例;36例107个转移灶中,鳞癌71个,腺癌30个,小细胞癌2个,大细胞癌4个;各种病理类型的肺癌脑转移瘤灶中,鳞癌重度水肿比例最高(57.7%),囊性变最多(45.1%),腺癌转移瘤卒中出现率最高(30.0%).结论不同组织类型的肺癌脑转移有不同的MRI表现.     

IgG from patients with Lambert-Eaton syndrome blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels

Lambert-Eaton syndrome, an autoimmune disorder frequently associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung, is characterized by impaired evoked release of acetylcholine from the motor nerve terminal. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from patients with the syndrome, applied to bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, reduced the voltage-dependent calcium channel currents by about 40 percent. When calcium was administered directly into the cytoplasm, however, the IgG-treated cells exhibited normal exocytotic secretion, as assayed by membrane capacitance measurement. Measurement with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2 indicated that the IgG treatment reduced potassium-stimulated increase in free intracellular calcium concentration. The pathogenic IgG modified neither kinetics of calcium channel activation nor elementary channel activity, suggesting that a reduction in the number of functional calcium channels underlies the IgG-induced effect. Therefore, Lambert-Eaton syndrome IgG reacts with voltage-dependent calcium channels and blocks their function, a phenomenon that can account for the presynaptic impairment characteristic of this disorder.     

A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common complication of lung and certain other cancers. The hypercalcemia results from the actions of tumor factors on bone and kidney. We report here the isolation of full-length complementary DNA clones of a putative hypercalcemia factor, and the expression from the cloned DNA of the active protein in mammalian cells. The clones encode a prepro peptide of 36 amino acids and a mature protein of 141 amino acids that has significant homology with parathyroid hormone in the amino-terminal region. This previously unrecognized hormone may be important in normal as well as abnormal calcium metabolism.     

双峰驼肿瘤的调查和病理学研究

在内蒙古地区检验双峰驼１８５８峰，检出肿瘤４例，其中良性肿瘤１例，恶性肿瘤３例。本文首次报道了双峰驼的骨软骨瘤、胆管细胞癌、肺鳞状细胞癌和腹膜间皮肉瘤。对４种骆驼肿瘤的形态和结构作了详细描述，并对其病理形态学和组织发生进行讨论。     

Malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in lung carcinoma but not in normal tissue of the same patient

A single genetic alteration, a guanine-to-cytosine transversion, is responsible for the acquisition of malignant properties by K-ras genes of two human tumor cell lines established from carcinomas of the bladder (A1698) and lung (A2182). As a consequence, arginine instead of the normal glycine is incorporated into the K-ras-coded p21 proteins at amino acid position 12. This mutation creates a restriction enzyme polymorphism that can be used to screen human cells for transforming K-ras genes. This approach was used to identify the mutational event responsible for the malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in a squamous cell lung carcinoma of a 66-year-old man; this point mutation was not present in either the normal bronchial or parenchymal tissue or in the blood lymphocytes. Hence, malignant activation of a ras oncogene appears to be specifically associated with the development of a human neoplasm.     

Coexistence of guanylate cyclase and atrial natriuretic factor receptor in a 180-kD protein

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide hormone that is released from atria and regulates a number of physiological processes, including steroidogenesis in adrenal cortex and testes. The parallel stimulation of membrane guanylate cyclase and corticosterone production in isolated fasciculata cells of rat adrenal cortex has supported the hypothesis of a mediatory role for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in signal transduction. A novel particulate guanylate cyclase tightly coupled with ANF receptor was purified approximately 273,000-fold by two-step affinity chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular size of 180 kilodaltons and was acidic in nature with a pI of 4.7. Its specific activity was 1800 nanomoles of cyclic GMP formed per minute per milligram of protein. The purified enzyme bound ANF with a specific binding activity of 4.01 nanomoles per milligram of protein, a value that is close to the theoretical binding activity of 5.55 nanomoles per milligram of protein for 1 mole of the ligand binding 1 mole of the receptor protein. These results indicate that the guanylate cyclase-coupled ANF receptor exists in a 180-kilodalton protein of rat adrenocortical carcinoma and represent a step toward the elucidation of the basic mechanism of cyclic GMP-mediated transmembrane signal transduction in response to a hormone.     

丝素肽的制备及其理化性质研究

为了研究丝素肽的制备工艺及其理化性质,用沸腾的质量分数40%CaCl2溶液溶解精炼的废蚕丝,将制得的丝素蛋白盐溶液加入Alcalase酶进行酶解反应,酶解液经超滤器超滤后的丝素肽溶液再用纳滤设备脱盐,得到的溶液进行喷雾干燥即制得丝素肽粉,同时对丝素肽粉的理化性质进行测定。结果表明,制得的丝素肽粉中丝素肽含量为929.6 g/kg;当其水解度为17%时,丝素蛋白水解产物中主要组分的相对分子质量分别为249和762,含量分别约占72.9%和15.5%,当水解度为21%时,丝素蛋白水解产物中主要组分的相对分子质量分别为209和668,含量分别约占84.4%和7.2%;丝素肽主要氨基酸(甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸和丝氨酸)的含量之和占其氨基酸总量的85%左右;其平均疏水性为2.29 kJ/残基;丝素肽在pH为2~10时具有很好的溶解性;丝素肽溶液的黏度较小,且随浓度增加,丝素肽溶液的黏度增加不大。可见,丝素肽具有良好的理化特性和营养特性,应用前景广阔。     

p63和Calponin蛋白在犬乳腺肿瘤中的表达及意义

为便于确定肿瘤的组织学来源,推测其在兽医临床诊断中的鉴别意义,研究p63和Calponin蛋白在20例犬乳腺肿瘤(canine mammary tumor,CMT)病例中的表达,采用免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)SP染色方法和光学显微镜观察进行确诊。结果表明,鼠抗人单克隆抗体p63和Calponin可用于犬乳腺肿瘤病例中肌上皮的表达研究,在乳头状瘤、混合瘤及腺肌上皮瘤等犬良性乳腺肿瘤组织中p63与Calponin表达为阳性或强阳性;在乳头状癌、浸润性导管癌等恶性肿瘤组织中p63与Calponin蛋白表现为阴性或局灶阳性。选择p63与Calponin作为犬乳腺肿瘤组织基底和腺肌上皮细胞的标记物有一定的敏感性和特异性,对良、恶性乳腺肿瘤组织、乳腺肿瘤或癌旁组织的来源和临床诊断等具有鉴别和指导作用。     

山茶花翻译控制肿瘤蛋白CjTCTP基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

采用电子克隆方法从山茶花的EST数据库中获得了一条TCTP基因,并命名为CjTCTP,使用生物信息学方法对该基因编码蛋白从氨基酸组成、理化性质、跨膜结构域、疏水性/亲水性、信号肽、亚细胞定位、高级结构及功能域和进化树等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明:山茶花CjTCTP基因全长706bp,包含507bp的完整开放阅读框,编码168个氨基酸;编码蛋白含有TCTP1及TCTP2保守域,是TCTP superfamily家族;从信号肽的预测可知,该蛋白不存在信号肽,可能为可溶性蛋白;亚细胞定位显示其可能位于细胞质中;同源性分析表明,该蛋白序列与拟南芥、橡胶树、玉米等物种TCTP蛋白序列的相似度达80%以上。     

Adipose triglyceride lipase contributes to cancer-associated cachexia

Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome most common in patients with cancer that is characterized by the uncontrolled loss of adipose and muscle mass. We show that the inhibition of lipolysis through genetic ablation of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) or hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) ameliorates certain features of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma cells causes tumor growth, loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), and a marked reduction of gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, Atgl-deficient mice with tumors resisted increased WAT lipolysis, myocyte apoptosis, and proteasomal muscle degradation and maintained normal adipose and gastrocnemius muscle mass. Hsl-deficient mice with tumors were also protected although to a lesser degree. Thus, functional lipolysis is essential in the pathogenesis of CAC. Pharmacological inhibition of metabolic lipases may help prevent cachexia.     

牛肝脏肿瘤的调查和病理学研究

在内蒙古地区检验牛１０８６６７头，检出肝脏肿瘤７例，检出率为６．４４／１０万。其中恶性肿瘤有肝细胞癌４例，胆管细胞癌１例，胆管癌１例；良性肿瘤仅肝细胞腺瘤１例。恶性肿瘤为良性肿瘤的６倍。对４种牛肝脏肿瘤的形态和结构作了详细描述，并就其病理形态学特征和病因进行讨论。     

澳洲茄胺盐酸盐注射剂对小鼠Lewis肺癌抑瘤作用研究

目的通过3次抑瘤实验观察研究澳洲茄胺盐酸盐注射剂对小鼠Lewis肺癌的抑瘤作用.方法通过肿瘤细胞悬液接种法,制备小鼠Lewis肺癌动物模型,采用腹腔注射给药法,连续7 d,2次/d.给药结束后解剖小鼠,取瘤称重,观察药物作用.结果从给药剂量上来看,与对照组比较,11 mg/kg剂量组开始出现抑瘤作用,抑瘤率为43.82%,P〉0.05,虽有抑瘤作用,但无统计学意义;22 mg/kg组抑瘤率为65.32%,P〈0.001;33 mg/kg组抑瘤率为66.92%,P〈0.001;44 mg/kg组抑瘤率为78.53%,P〈0.001;55 mg/kg组抑瘤率为79.73%,P〈0.001.结论受试药物澳洲茄胺盐酸盐注射剂对小鼠Lewis肺癌有明显的抑瘤作用,受试药物从22 mg/kg剂量组开始到55 mg/kg剂量组为有效剂量组,4个剂量组之间呈现明显的量效关系.     

Pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and DNA synthesis by bombesin

The bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. The mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of Bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. At nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger RNA and stimulated DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (5 nanograms per milliliter) completely blocked bombesin-enhanced c-myc expression and eliminated bombesin-stimulated DNA synthesis. This treatment had essentially no effect on the mitogenic responses to either platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. These results suggest that the mitogenic actions of bombesin-like growth factors are mediated through a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Furthermore they indicate that bombesin-like growth factors act through pathways that are different from those activated by platelet-derived growth factor.     

广西黄莲山自然保护区两栖动物多样性研究

2007年5月对广西黄莲山自然保护区的两栖动物进行了调查,结果表明:该保护区有17种两栖动物,隶属11属5科1目。Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数为2.603,均匀度指数为0.919。根据调查结果,对两栖动物的区系及多样性进行了分析,并提出保护对策。     

MMP-2,MMP-9联合外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化对肺癌侵袭和转移预测研究

目的探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-2,MMP-9）及T淋巴细胞亚群与肺癌临床类型及临床分期的关系．方法采用ELISA法测定各期肺癌患者血浆中MMP-2和MMP-9的含量,应用流式细胞仪进行外周血中T淋巴细胞的CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4／CD8＋的测定．结果血清MMP-2,MMP-9外周血CD8T淋巴细胞与NSCLC的分型无关,但高于对照组,CD3,CD4低于对照组;随着临床分期的增加,血清MMP-2,MMP-9明显增高,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4＋／CD8＋低于对照组,具有统计学意义．结论MMP-2,MMP-9联合T淋巴细胞亚群可作为监测肺癌的发生、侵袭和转移更为精确的指标．     

Amphibian pituitary growth hormone and prolactin: immunochemical relatedness to rat growth hormone

Growth hormone and prolactin were electrophoretically isolated from amphibian pituitaries and then were tested in a radioimmunoassay with labeled rat growth hormone and antiserum to the same hormone. This isolation and purification of the hormones increased the steepness of the slopes of competitive inhibition in this system when compared to those of crude extracts. Both hormones from most species tested showed high immunochemical cross-reactivity, indicating that amphibian growth hormone and prolactin are structurally related to rat growth hormone.