Prednisone treatment alters the serum amylase and lipase activities in normal dogs without causing pancreatitis.

In order to test the hypothesis that treatment with glucocorticoids causes pancreatitis in dogs, 18 mongrel dogs were divided into three groups of six individuals, each group receiving prednisone at different doses orally or intramuscularly for two weeks. Two groups consisting of six dogs each served as controls. Treatment for two weeks with oral prednisone at 1.2 mg/kg body weight or at 4 mg/kg body weight daily decreased the serum amylase activities, but increased the serum lipase activities. Postmortem examinations revealed microscopic evidence of mild pancreatitis in only one dog given prednisone, that clinically appeared normal. It was concluded that daily doses of 4 mg prednisone/kg body weight or less given orally or intramuscularly for two weeks do not cause pancreatitis in dogs.     

Induction of humoral immune response and protective immunity in chickens against Salmonella enteritidis after a single dose of killed bacterium-loaded microspheres.

Formalin-inactivated Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 strain 119/95 (SE) was encapsulated in biodegradable poly (DL-lactide co-glycolic acid) PLGA; (65:35) microspheres by a modified water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique. These SE-loaded microspheres (SE-MS) were porous and spherical in shape with diameters of 0.4-10 microm and 20-80 microm in two preparations. SE-MS were subsequently used to vaccinate specific-pathogen-free chickens in a single dose in order to investigate the potency of a single-dose vaccination in inducing immune responses and protective immunity. In Experiment 1, 4-wk-old chickens that were vaccinated intramuscularly with 20-80-microm SE-MS generated long lasting (over 6 mo) and persistently high serum anti-SE immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody response. In Experiment 2, 2-wk-old chickens were vaccinated orally with 0.4-10-microm or intramuscularly with 20-80-microm SE-MS and challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of homologous SE strain at 6 wk postvaccination. When challenged intramuscularly, one each of the orally vaccinated (n = 10) and the intramuscularly vaccinated birds (n = 10) showed clinical signs and death, whereas all of the nonvaccinated control birds (n = 12) were sick and 11 of them were killed. When challenge was via oral route, 26.1% of cloacal swabs and 24.0% of organs (liver, spleen, and cecum) collected from orally vaccinated birds (n = 35) were positive for SE, comparable to 27.9% of feces and 18.7% of organs from the intramuscularly vaccinated birds (n = 35). These figures were significantly lower than those for nonvaccinated birds (n = 30) from which 59.3% of feces and 44.0% of organs tested SE positive (P < 0.05). The humoral immune response was also determined after vaccination with a single dose. The intramuscular vaccination elicited higher serum IgG response than oral administration, but the latter elicited a significant intestinal mucosal IgA antibody response. This is the first evidence that chickens vaccinated with killed SE-loaded PLGA microspheres, intramuscularly and orally in a single dose, developed systematic and local immune responses, thereby conferring protective immunity.     

刺五加多糖对雏鸡脾脏中CD4+ 和CD8+T淋巴细胞定位分布的影响

为了研究刺五加多糖（ASPS）对雏鸡脾脏中CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞定位分布的影响,从组织学角度评价ASPS对脾脏的免疫调节作用,试验将1日龄海兰褐公雏饲养至7日龄时选取150只,随机分为3组：空白对照组、ASPS低剂量组（ASPSL）和高剂量组（ASPSH）,每组50只,所有组每天注射1次,连续注射3天。免疫后的第7、14、21和28天分别取其脾脏制作冰冻切片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞的定位分布。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,免疫注射后21天和28天时ASPSL组和ASPSH组CD4+ T淋巴细胞的数量均显著增加（P<0.05）,而且ASPS能够促进红髓中CD4+ T淋巴细胞向动脉周围淋巴鞘迁移,从而使单个动脉周围淋巴鞘面积较对照组明显增加,而ASPS对脾脏中CD8+ T淋巴细胞的数量和分布无明显影响。由此可知,ASPS能够通过影响脾脏中CD4+ T淋巴细胞的定位分布发挥免疫调节作用,这对于进一步揭示ASPS的免疫调节机制具有重要意义。     

不同硒水平对幼鲤生产性能和免疫功能的影响

选择体重约10.4 g的健康幼鲤960尾,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,分别饲喂添加硒(亚硒酸钠,分析纯)0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7 mg/kg的8种不同饵料,试验期90 d。结果表明:随着饵料中硒添加水平的增加,幼鲤的增重和成活率提高,饵料系数降低,添加硒0.4mg/kg时,幼鲤生产性能最佳(P<0.05);添加0.3～0.5 mg/kg硒,可显著提高幼鲤头肾和脾脏重及其体指数,增加血液红细胞数量,降低白细胞数量,提高血清IgM水平和攻毒后成活率、血清溶菌酶活力及血清凝集抗体效价(P<0.05),从而增强幼鲤免疫功能和对疾病的抵抗力。幼鲤体增重、饵料系数、头肾重量、脾脏重量、血清溶菌酶活力和IgM抗体水平与饵料硒添加量呈显著的二次曲线相关。根据上述指标确定的最适硒水平为0.396～0.529 mg/kg。     

Role of CD4+, CD8+ and double negative T-cells in the protection of SCID/beige mice against respiratory challenge with Rhodococcus equi.

To evaluate the contributions of T-lymphocyte subsets in pulmonary immunity against Rhodococcus equi, C.B-17 SCID/beige mice were adoptively transferred with splenic lymphocytes from congenic BALB/c mice previously infected with R. equi. Spleen cells were enriched for either CD4+ or CD8+ populations before inoculation, Flow cytometry showed that each enriched population contained less than 0.5% cross contamination. Groups of adoptively transferred SCID/beige mice were sacrificed 6 and 13 d after intranasal infection with R. equi. Bacterial clearance was measured in the lungs, liver and spleen. Lesion development was assessed by gross and histopathological score and the fate of transferred cells assessed by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry. SCID/beige mice receiving either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells were able to clear the infection better than control mice. On d 6 post-infection, bacterial numbers were significantly lower in the lungs of CD4+ transferred mice as compared to CD8+ mice. By d 13, both groups had cleared R. equi from all organs. CD4+ cells were however identified in the lung and spleen of CD8+ recipients at d 13 making conclusions about the role of CD8+ cells in R. equi clearance impossible. By contrast, no significant increases in CD8+ lymphocytes were observed in the organs of CD4+ recipients. All mice developed suppurative bronchopneumonia but lesions were most severe in the CD4+ group. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirmed that CD4+ and CD8+ cells had migrated to the lungs of adoptively transferred mice. Serum antibody against R, equi was not detected by ELISA in the recipients. SCID/beige mice receiving CD4-CD8- cells were unable to clear R. equi. The study supports the suggestion that CD4+ cells have a central role in R. equi clearance in mice.     

Evaluation of the influence of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on the apoptosis of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in calves

The aim of the study was to determine whether treatment with recommended doses of meloxicam or flunixin had an effect on the apoptosis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in calves. The study was carried out on 4-5 months old calves (n = 24, 8 per group). Experimental animals were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 0.5 mg x kg(-1) of meloxicam or intravenously with 3 doses of 2.2 mg x kg(-1) day(-1) of flunixin. The non-treatment animals served as control. Blood samples were taken at day 0 and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after the first NSAIDs injection. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining. The kinetic analysis of apoptosis in the total lymphocyte population, as well as in the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets did not reveal significant differences in the frequency of early apoptotic cells between control and experimental groups throughout the period studied. Although, 24 h after administration of the first dose of NSAIDs, late-stage apoptosis/necrosis was significantly increased in the total lymphocyte population (the meloxicam group), as well as in the CD4+ (the meloxicam group and the flunixin group) and CD8+ (the flunixin group) subsets of T cells. However, this disturbance was transient, relatively poorly expressed and, thus, unlikely to be of clinical significance. Our results indicate that the use of meloxicam or flunixin in accordance with the recommended dosage regimen in cattle do not have a clinically significant influence on apoptosis of peripheral blood T cells.     

Impact of BSE on Livestock Production System

A total of 240 unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks, which had been found to be negative for antibodies against FAV-4, were divided into four groups of 60 chicks each. Group A was fed aflatoxin at 1 ppm from 7 days to 7 weeks of age. Group V was infected intra-abdominally at 14 days of age with 0.2 ml of FAV-4, having a titre of 10^5.5 TCID₅₀ per 0.2 ml. The combined group AV was given the aflatoxin and infected with FAV-4. The fourth group C served as the control. More pronounced clinical signs, a higher mortality rate (56.7%), and reductions in body weight gain and in the organ to body weight ratios of the bursa and spleen were recorded in group AV. A significant (p<0.01) reduction in the HI antibody titre following vaccination against Newcastle disease, and of skin thickness in the delayed hypersensitivity test following sensitization with DNCB, indicated an additive immunosuppressive effect from aflatoxin and FAV-4 on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in group AV compared to groups A and V. Microscopically, marked depletion and degeneration of lymphocytes in the thymus, bursa, spleen and caecal tonsils were observed in group AV up to 5 weeks PI.     

Efficacy of toltrazuril and clazuril against experimental infections with Eimeria labbeana and E. columbarum in racing pigeons

The efficacy of toltrazuril in comparison with clazuril on heavy experimental Eimeria labbeana and E. columbarum infections in pigeons was investigated. The minimum required dose of toltrazuril to completely suppress oocyst excretion is 20 mg/kg body weight for 1 day. After treatment with toltrazuril, there was a dose-dependent period during which pigeons remained negative; at a dosage of 35 mg/kg or higher, this period was at least 4 weeks. Clazuril at the recommended dose of 2.5 mg/pigeon resulted in a rapid suppression of oocyst excretion, but oocysts were again observed in the feces 20 days after treatment. The fact that oocysts appeared again in the feces 3 to 5 weeks after treatment can probably be explained only by a persistence of endogenous stages, which are not affected during treatment, rather than by a reinfection. Reinfection of the previously medicated and infected pigeons 30 days after the first infection provided some data on possible induced immunity.     

AA肉鸡血液CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的变化规律

采用流式细胞仪检测1、3、5、7、14、21、28、35、42、49日龄AA肉鸡血液中的CD3、CD4、CD8阳性T细胞比例。研究结果表明:1～5日龄T细胞逐渐进入血液参与细胞免疫,7、21日龄注射疫苗起免疫应答作用,28日龄后基本形成稳固的细胞免疫水平。     

Response of turkeys to simultaneous vaccination with hemorrhagic enteritis and Newcastle disease viruses.

The effects of single and combined vaccination of turkeys against hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were investigated. Dual vaccination of turkeys with NDV-B1 and HEVp30 or marble spleen disease virus (MSDV) enhanced white mottling of the spleens and the apoptosis rate in spleen cells (P < 0.05). In addition, simultaneously vaccinated turkeys had fewer HEV-infected spleen cells at 4 days postvaccination than turkeys given HEVp30 or MSDV alone. The anti-HEV antibody response was significantly reduced at 14 days postvaccination (P < 0.05), whereas the anti-NDV antibody response was enhanced (P < 0.05) in turkeys vaccinated with HEVp30 + NDV-B1. Further, the effect of dual vaccination on macrophage function was studied. Spleen cells from NDV-B1-vaccinated turkeys were primed to produce nitric oxide (NO) after stimulation in vitro with lipopolysaccharide. Spleen cells from HEVp30- or MSDV-vaccinated turkeys did not produce NO after in vitro stimulation. In dual-vaccinated turkeys, the priming effect of NDV-B1 was reduced in comparison with single-inoculated birds.     

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Pigeon

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different compound probiotics on growth performance and immune function of pigeons. 72 pairs of breeding pigeons and 144 squabs were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 3 pairs of breeding pigeons and 6 young pigeons per replicate.The pigeons in all groups were fed the basal diet with health care sand,meanwhile and pigeons in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ supplemented with compound probiotics Ⅰ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×10⁷ CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis),compound probiotics Ⅱ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis+6×10⁷ CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis) and compound probiotics Ⅲ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×10⁷ CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis),resperctively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with the control group,compound probiotics Ⅱ could significantly increase the body weight and the average daily gain of pigeon at 28 and 56 days of age (P<0.05). The thymus index of the 28 days old pigeon in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the spleen index of the 56 days old pigeon in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). All the compound probiotics groups could increase serum immunoglobulin content of 28 and 56 days old pigeon,but did not reach a significant level (P>0.05).In summary,compound probiotics could improve the growth performance and immune organ indexes,and improve the immunity of pigeon to a certain extent, the Bifidobacterium lactis and Enterococcus feacalis had the better effect.     

The Localization Changes of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Chicken Lung at Different Ages

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune state of chicken lung in different periods.With lung tissue of Hy-line White chicken at different ages,the distribution and quantity changes of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in lung were studied using immunohistochemistry staining.The results showed that CD8⁺T lymphocytes appeared firstly in embryonic at 18 d,while CD4⁺T lymphocytes appeared at 1-day-old chicken.At 4-day-old,there were aggregates of lymphocytes at the junction of the primary and secondary bronchi,which formed obvious broncho-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).CD4⁺T lymphocytes of each age mainly occupied the central area of BALT,while CD8⁺T lymphocytes mainly surrounded the periphery.Since 56 days old,CD8⁺T lymphocytes are distributed in the inner wall of third-order bronchial airway,atrial septum,gas exchange area and interlobular connective tissue,and are distributed throughout the lung.In terms of quantity change,with the growth of daily age,the number of CD4⁺T lymphocytes and CD8⁺T lymphocytes gradually increased,and the number of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was more than that of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes before 35 days of age,while the number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes was significantly more than that of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes at the same age thereafter.The results showed that the distribution and number of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocytes in the lungs of chickens were correlated with the age,and the changes could reflect that the lungs before the age of 35 days were dominated by humoral immunity,while the lungs after that tended to be cellular immunity.     

Evaluation of the effects of intramuscular injection volume on midazolam-butorphanol induced sedation in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

BackgroundCombinations of midazolam and butorphanol are commonly used in avian sedation protocols but no studies have been performed in Columbiformes. Minimizing intramuscular drug injection volumes is desirable, in order to reduce the potential for injection-induced discomfort. Reduction of drug injection volumes can be achieved by using higher concentrated drug formulations. The goals of this study were to evaluate a midazolam-butorphanol sedation protocol in domestic pigeons and to evaluate if a difference in total drug injection volume has an effect on sedation parameters in this species.MethodsTwelve adult pigeons were sedated with butorphanol (2 mg/kg) combined with 4 mg/kg of midazolam as either a standard (5 mg/mL) or concentrated (50 mg/mL) formulation, intramuscularly, in a randomized, blinded, complete cross-over study. Various parameters were used to assess for differences in sedation onset, depth, and recovery. Flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly for reversal of midazolam 30 minutes after sedative administration.ResultsThe sedation protocol resulted in moderate sedation and all birds became sternally recumbent, while 4of 12 birds lost righting reflex. Recovery was rapid in all birds following administration of flumazenil and no adverse reactions were observed. Significant differences in drug injection volumes had no clinically relevant effects on sedation parameters.Conclusions and clinical relevanceUse of concentrated midazolam resulted in ∼3.5 times smaller total injection volumes, while achieving the same efficacy as standard concentration of midazolam. The reduced injection volumes are desirable from an animal welfare standpoint, as they may reduce the risk of local discomfort associated with intramuscular injections.     

硒化大蒜多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制鸡的颉颃作用

为探究硒化大蒜多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制的颉颃作用,将336只11日龄非免疫健康罗曼雏鸡随机均分为7组：空白对照组（BC）、免疫对照组（VC）、环磷酰胺对照组（Cy）、sGPS3、sGPS5、sGPS6和药物对照组（APS）,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。BC组和VC组注射0.5 mL生理盐水,其余组均肌肉注射8 mg/mL环磷酰胺0.5 mL,每天1次,连续3 d;14日龄时,除BC组外,其余组均用新城疫疫苗免疫,同时3个硒大蒜化多糖组分别注射0.5 mL浓度为1 mg/mL的sGPS₃、sGPS₅、sGPS₆,APS组肌肉注射黄芪多糖注射液0.5 mL,Cy组、VC组和BC组注射生理盐水0.5 mL,每天1次,连续3 d,28日龄二免。分别于首免后的第7、14、21、28天,每组随机抽取6只罗曼鸡翼静脉采血,分离血清,β-微量法检测血清ND-HI抗体效价、ELISA法检测血清γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素2（IL-2）含量。称量体重后采集胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊组织并称重,计算免疫器官指数。结果显示,各给药组的血清ND-HI抗体效价、血清IFN-γ和IL-2含量、法氏囊指数均显著高于Cy组（P<0.05）;sGPS₆组血清抗体效价、IFN-γ含量在28 d,血清IL-2含量在21、28 d均显著高于其余各组（P<0.05）;在免疫后21、28 d,4个给药组中sGPS₆组体重、法氏囊指数最高,显著高于其余3个给药组（P<0.05）;在免疫后28 d,4个给药组中sGPS₆组胸腺指数、脾脏指数最高,显著高于其余3个给药组（P<0.05）。结果表明,硒化大蒜多糖对环磷酰胺所致的免疫抑制具有颉颃作用,其中sGPS₆组的活性最高,可作为新型免疫抑制颉颃剂的候选药。     

Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of flumequine after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in pigeons (Columba livid)

The in-vitro activity of flumequine against 157 strains of bacteria isolated from birds was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 96.3% of the Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus spp. and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis studied (n = 135) was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Pharmacokinetics of flumequine in pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. From the blood disappearance curves after i.v. bolus injection (10 mg/kg body weight) clearance rate, blood half-time and distribution volume were calculated. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 37 +/- 10% of the administered dose. Flumequine was also given i.m. at two dose levels, 10 and 60 mg/kg body weight. The availability of flumequine as intact drug was 22 and 23%, respectively, in 24 h. Therapeutic blood levels were maintained for 4 and 10 h, respectively. After an oral dose of flumequine (60 mg/kg body weight) an availability of 6.7 +/- 2.5% and a peak blood concentration of 2.68 +/- 0.92 microgram/ml at 2 h after administration were found. The recovery of unchanged flumequine from the droppings in 24 h was 1.55 +/- 0.79% of the administered dose. With the exception of the i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg, all flumequine administrations made the pigeons vomit. It appears that blood concentrations below 3 micrograms/ml will not induce vomiting. On the basis of the present data, a dosage regimen for flumequine in pigeons of a priming dose of 30 mg/kg i.m., followed after 8 h by oral administration of 30 mg/kg, this dose being repeated every 8-12 h, would be expected to give blood concentrations between 1.44 and 2.88 micrograms/ml.     

怀牛膝多糖对雏鸡疫苗免疫效果的影响

150羽14日龄蛋公鸡随机均分成3组,用新支二联弱毒苗点眼滴鼻免疫的同时,2个试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的怀牛膝多糖溶液,对照组注射生理盐水,每天注射1次,连续注射3次。分别于免疫后第7、14、21、28、35和42天各组随机抽取8只鸡翼下静脉采血,分离血清,用微量法测定新城疫血凝抑制（HI）抗体效价,于免疫后第10、20、30、40和50天每组随机抽取5只鸡心脏采血,分离淋巴细胞,用MTT法测定淋巴细胞增殖的动态变化,流式细胞仪双染色法检测CD^4＋、CD^8＋T淋巴细胞含量,并放血致死称取体重和胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的质量,计算器官指数。结果表明,怀牛膝多糖高剂量组的HI抗体效价、CD^4＋/CD^8＋比值和免疫器官指数都明显高于对照组,并且高剂量怀牛膝多糖可以显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖。提示怀牛膝多糖对鸡新支二联疫苗的免疫效果有明显的增强作用。     

Accumulation of CD25+ CD4+ T-cells in the draining lymph node during the elicitation phase of DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity in lambs

The elicitation phase of DNCB induced contact hypersensitivity in lambs was studied, and the presence of CD25+ cells in the lymph nodes draining the contact site was measured. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to capture images of two sets of triple immunofluorescence labellings. One set labelled CD25+, CD4+ and CD3+ cells, while the other labelled CD25+, VPM30+ and CD4+ cells. The CD25+ subpopulation labellings were assessed by area measurements in a morphometric protocol. The CD25+CD4+CD3+ cells were found to be increased in the DNCB treated group. This subpopulation of CD25+ cells comprised 75% of all CD25+ cells measured. The CD25+VPM30+CD4+ cells were also found to be increased in the DNCB group, but comprised only 17% of the total CD25+ cells measured. Since the VPM30 antibody detects an antigen found on activated T-cells, it was concluded that a substantial proportion of the triple CD25+CD4+CD3+ cells could represent a regulatory phenotype that may be active in suppressing the formation of effector immune cells in CHS of sheep.     

复合益生菌对肉鸽生长性能和免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合益生菌对肉鸽生长性能和免疫机能的影响。选取72对种鸽和144只1日龄乳鸽,乳鸽称量初始体重后随机分成4个试验组,每个试验组6个重复,每个重复3对种鸽及6只乳鸽。各组饲喂相同基础日粮,对照组补饲保健砂,Ⅰ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅰ（6×10⁷ CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌+6×10⁷ CFU/g乳双歧杆菌）,Ⅱ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅱ（6×10⁷ CFU/g乳双歧杆菌+6×10⁷ CFU/g粪肠球菌）,Ⅲ组补饲保健砂+复合菌Ⅲ（6×10⁷ CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌+6×10⁷ CFU/g粪肠球菌）。试验期56 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组显著提高了肉鸽的28和56日龄体重和平均日增重（P<0.05）。Ⅱ组显著提高了28日龄肉鸽的胸腺指数（P<0.05）;Ⅲ组显著提高了56日龄肉鸽的脾脏指数（P<0.05）。3个复合菌组提高了28和56日龄肉鸽血清中免疫球蛋白的含量,但均未达到显著水平（P>0.05）。综上所述,保健砂中添加复合益生菌可提高肉鸽的生长性能、免疫器官指数,并一定程度上能提高肉鸽的免疫力,其中乳双歧杆菌和粪肠球菌组效果最好。     

Selected leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and uterine washings in cows before and after intrauterine administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol

The aim of the study was to evaluate the selected lymphocyte subpopulations TCD4, TCD8, BCD21, BCD25, CD18, CD11b, and MHC II in blood and uterine flush of cows with endometritis, before and after intrauterine (i.u.) administration of cefapirin and methisoprinol. The research was carried out on 28 cows with clinical endometritis. Animals were divided into four groups, each composed of seven cows, depending on the i.u. preparation used: Group A, cefapirin; Group B, methisoprinol; Group C, cefapirin and methisoprinol simultaneously; and a control group—without medication. The study was performed using flow cytometry method. Summarizing the results of the research, i.u. infusion of cefapirin caused a weakening of the effector phase of the local uterine immune response; however, it enhanced leukocyte chemotaxis and antigen presentation. After i.u. administration of methisoprinol, the stimulation of specific uterine immunity mechanisms was mainly observed. The use of both mentioned preparations showed the strengthening of specific uterine immunological mechanisms presumably caused by methisoprinol, despite the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic. Intrauterine use of immunostimulatory substances can improve the effectiveness of the endometritis treatment in cows by improving specific local mechanisms of uterine immunity. As a consequence, it may enhance the effector function of immune competent cells and finally eliminate inflammation.     

茶树油提取物粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究茶树油提取物粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响,为茶树油产品的研发及作为畜禽养殖添加剂的应用积累资料。茶树油提取物粉对小鼠的经口急性毒性LD_(50)﹥5000 mg/kg b.w.。茶树油提取物粉分别以1250、250、50 mg/kg b.w.灌胃给予连续10 d,分别进行腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和脾淋巴细胞增殖试验,测定免疫器官指数、血清溶血素水平及外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果表明茶树油提取物粉高、中、低剂量组能极显著增加小鼠脾脏指数(P0.01),中剂量能显著增加肝脏指数和胸腺指数(P0.05)。中、高剂量能显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和血清溶血素水平(P0.05)。三个剂量组均能显著提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的刺激指数(P0.05)。中剂量组能显著增加小鼠CD4+/CD8+比值(P0.05)。因此,茶树油提取物粉在一定程度上能够提高小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫,具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。