干旱胁迫对水稻干物质生产和水分利用率的影响

试验供试中日两国水稻品种16个,详细调查了抽穗期前15 d土壤水分胁迫对于干物质生产的影响.处理后的饱和土壤灌溉处理区(C区)干物质重范围在31.9 g～19.2 g/株,干燥处理区(D区)范围在14.8 g～6.6 g/株,C区叶面积范围在2607 cm2～1409 cm2/株,D区范围在1026 cm2～503 c...     

结实期土壤水分和氮素营养对水稻产量与品质的交互影响

杂交籼稻汕优63和粳稻武育粳3号种植于土培池,于始穗期进行0N（0 g/m2）、NN（中氮,4.5 g/m2 ）和HN（高氮,9.0 g/m2）3种施氮量处理,于抽穗后7 d至成熟期设置了WW（保持浅水层）、MD（轻度落干,土壤水势保持-25 kPa）和SD（重度落干,土壤水势保持-50 kPa）3种土壤水分处理,研究了结实期土壤水分和氮素营养对水稻产量与品质的交互影响。在各施氮水平下,产量、糙米率、精米率和整精米率均以MD处理最高,垩白粒率和垩白度均以MD处理最低。在0N下,SD处理降低了产量、碾磨品质、外观品质和食味品质;在MN或HN下,SD处理的产量、碾磨品质、外观品质和食味品质与WW的差异不显著或显著优于WW。说明土壤水分和氮素营养对水稻产量和品质的影响存在着明显的互作效应,结实期土壤水势为-25 kPa、粒肥的施氮量为45 kg/hm2,稻米的品质较优、产量最高。     

盐碱地条件下机插秧与旱直播水稻产量及其构成因子比较

以天津市4个水稻主栽品种为供试材料,采用机插秧和旱直播两种模式进行种植,比较了两种栽培模式水稻的产量、产量构成因子以及经济效益。结果表明,旱直播条件下的水稻株高显著低于机插秧,两种模式下水稻单位面积有效穗数、穂长、千粒重、每穗粒数、结实率和实际产量因品种而异。从经济效益来看,旱直播高于机插秧。     

水分管理对免耕抛秧水稻根系生长及产量的影响

研究了水分管理对免耕水稻根系生长和产量的影响。结果表明,干湿交替灌溉对根系的伸长、生长、生理及分布具有较大影响,水稻各生育期干湿交替灌溉处理水稻单株根干质量、单株生物量、根半径、根表面积、总根数、根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于淹水淹灌。干湿交替灌溉处理实收产量显著高于淹水淹灌,增产主要因子是有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率。灌浆盛期干湿交替灌溉处理单株生物量、根半径、根表面积、总根数、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于湿润淹灌,水稻产量差异则不显著。     

稻草覆盖还田对华南双季晚稻物质生产和产量的影响

 以杂交稻天优998为材料,设置稻草覆盖还田和无稻草还田2种处理和4种氮肥处理,并进行了连续2年的田间试验。稻草覆盖还田可以显著提高晚稻产量,4个施氮处理表现一致。在产量构成因素中,有效穗数对产量的贡献最大。稻草覆盖还田促进水稻分蘖,最高茎蘖数和分蘖成穗率协同提高,最终使有效穗数显著增加。稻草还田增强群体物质生产能力,叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量 （SPAD值）提高,最终提高了地上部干物质量。稻谷产量与不同时期的叶片叶绿素含量、地上部干物质量及茎蘖数呈极显著正相关。在稻草覆盖还田的情况下,增加前期施氮量对稻谷产量没有显著影响。     

山西玉米子粒含水率与机械粒收收获质量的关系分析

2013～2014年在山西忻州开展适宜机械粒收品种的筛选和机械粒收技术示范,探讨玉米不同品种子粒含水率与子粒破碎率、杂质率以及产量损失率之间的关系。结果表明,破碎率、杂质率以及产量损失率均与子粒含水率存在显著正相关,子粒水分是影响机械粒收质量的重要因素。筛选子粒含水率低、产量水平高的瑞普959、德美亚3号、瑞普908和M753推荐为当地适宜粒收品种。     

不同播量对机械精量直播水稻产量及其物质生产的影响

以杂交晚粳稻甬优8号、常规粳稻武运粳19为材料,在机械化精量直播方式下,研究了不同播量对其产量及物质生产的影响。结果表明,每667 m2播种量甬优8号1.5~2.2 kg、武运粳19号2.2~3.0 kg处理的产量最高;其群体均能于有效分蘖临界叶龄期够苗,拔节期达高峰苗,且数量适宜,最终成穗率较高(75%左右);最大叶面积指数均出现在孕穗期,数值适宜;抽穗后干物质积累多,成熟期生物学产量高。     

不同施肥方式和播种量对华南直播稻产量的影响

水稻直播是一种轻简高效栽培模式,具有良好的应用前景。在粤西直播稻区开展大田试验,探究不同施肥方式（习惯法和“三控”法）和播种量（2.0、3.5、5.0、6.5、8.0和10.0 kg/667 m²）对直播稻产量的影响。结果表明,与习惯法施肥相比,采用“三控”法施肥的水稻有效穗数和结实率分别降低20.1%和5.1%,但每穗颖花数增加31.6%,稻谷产量增加11.3%。随着播种量的增加,水稻有效穗数从304万/ hm²增加到464万/hm²,每穗颖花数从112.09个降低到81.90个;稻谷产量以播种量为3.5 kg/667 m²的处理最高,达6.66 t/hm²。综上所述,华南直播稻生产应选择每穗颖花数多、收获指数高且千粒重大的品种,播种量3.5 kg/667 m²,采用“三控”法施肥。     

Influence of Moisture Content,Variety and Parboiling on Milling Quality of Rice Grains

The effects of moisture content （8%, 10%and 12%）, variety （Tarom and Fajr） and parboiling on milling quality of rice as a function of milling recovery （MR）, head rice yield （HRY）, degree of milling （DOM） and whiteness were investigated. The parboiled grains was prepared with three soaking temperatures of 25 oC, 50 oC and 75 oC and three steaming times of 10, 15 and 20 min. As a result of parboiling, the increasing rates of MR and HRY values were 7.8%and 14.3%for Tarom and 9.8%and 10.0%for Fajr, respectively, and the decreasing rates for DOM and whiteness were 6.6%and 10.8%for Tarom and 6.8% and 10.5% for Fajr, respectively. Moreover, decreasing moisture content to 8%maximized MR （75.8% for Tarom and 74.3% for Fajr） and HRY （65.8% for Tarom and 57.0% for Fajr） while increasing that to 12%revealed maximum values of DOM （6.1%for Tarom and 6.2%for Fajr） and whiteness （24.8%for Tarom and 28.2%for Fajr）.     

Effects of Phosphorus on Grain Quality of Upland and Paddy Rice under Different Cultivation

We investigated how upland and paddy japonica rice responded to phosphorous(P) fertilizer under two cultivation methods.The upland rice Zhonghan 3 and the paddy rice Yangfujing 8 were both grown under moist cultivation(MC,control) and bare dry cultivation(DC) with three P levels,low(LP,45 kg/hm2),normal(NP,90 kg/hm2) and high(HP,135 kg/hm2).As P level increased,grain yields of both upland and paddy rice increased under DC.There were no significant differences in grain yields between HP and NP for either rice,although upland rice slightly increased and paddy rice slightly decreased in grain yield.Under DC at LP,Zhonghan 3 showed a higher head milled rice rate and better appearance,cooking and eating qualities than at HP or NP.Yangfujing 8 was similar to Zhonghan 3 except that Yangfujing 8 had better appearance quality at NP.Under MC,Zhonghan 3 had a higher head milled rice rate at LP and better cooking and eating qualities at NP.Yangfujing 8 was similar to Zhonghan 3 except in appearance quality.DC improved head milled rice rate and appearance quality of both upland and paddy rice,and cooking and nutrient qualities of paddy rice.Compared with paddy rice,upland rice had better processing,nutrient and eating qualities.The results suggest that upland and paddy rice respond differently to cultivation method and phosphorus level.