不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对大气CO2浓度升高响应的差异

目的 探明不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对FACE(大气CO₂浓度增高)响应的差异。方法 以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、常规籼稻共6个品种为供试材料,研究FACE对不同类型水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响。结果 1）FACE处理极显著提高了水稻产量,平均增加24.17%, 常规籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高;2）FACE处理显著增加了单位面积穗数,常规粳稻增幅最大,并显著增加了杂交籼稻和常规籼稻每穗粒数;3）FACE处理显著提高了成熟期吸氮量和氮素籽粒生产效率,成熟期吸氮量平均增加21.23%,杂交籼稻增幅最大, FACE和对照均以常规籼稻最高;氮素籽粒生产效率平均增加7.33%,杂交籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高。成熟期吸氮量对产量促进作用略大于成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率;4）FACE处理降低了植株含氮率,成熟期平均下降0.105个百分点,常规粳稻降幅最大。FACE处理极显著提高植株干物质量,成熟期平均增加23.95%,常规籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高常规籼稻和杂交籼稻成熟期单穗吸氮量,分别增加10.79%、13.93%,但常规粳稻下降了9.60%;FACE处理显著提高了成熟期群体吸氮强度,平均增加22.29%,杂交籼稻增幅最大。FACE处理对水稻全生育期天数无显著影响;FACE处理显著提高茎鞘、叶片、穗各器官吸氮量,叶片增幅最大,平均增加51.86%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高了不同生育阶段吸氮量,抽穗-成熟阶段增幅最大,平均增加108.90%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;5）植株干物质量、单穗吸氮量、吸氮强度、穗吸氮量、抽穗-成熟阶段吸氮量对成熟期总吸氮量的促进作用分别大于植株含氮率、单位面积穗数、生育天数、茎鞘叶吸氮量、移栽-分蘖和分蘖-抽穗阶段吸氮量;6）FACE处理显著提高了氮肥偏生产力,降低了每百千克籽粒需氮量,前者平均增加24.16%,常规籼稻增加最多;后者平均降低4.7%,常规籼稻降幅最大。结论 FACE处理可显著提高水稻产量和氮素吸收利用效率,但品种间差异较大。     

不同施氮量对免耕/翻耕移栽稻生长及产量形成的影响

为探讨免耕移栽稻的氮肥管理措施和比较不同耕作方式下移栽稻的生长规律,研究了不同施氮量处理对免耕/翻耕移栽稻生长及产量形成的影响.结果表明,无论翻耕或免耕,增施氮肥可以促进分蘖的发生和叶面积的扩展;在水稻各生育时期,随着氮肥用量的增加,干物质的积累量有增加的趋势,每穗粒数和收获指数逐渐减少;水稻总吸氮量和实际产量逐渐增加,而氮肥吸收利用率、生理利用率和农学利用率及偏生产能力逐渐减小.翻耕移栽稻的分蘖能力、有效穗数和吸氮量显著高于免耕移栽稻,但翻耕和免耕对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响差异不显著,免耕移栽稻的氮肥生理利用率显著高于翻耕移栽稻.     

土壤耕作方式对水稻产量形成特性的影响初探

为探讨土壤耕作方式对南方双季稻区水稻产量形成特性的影响,2015年以‘陵两优211’与‘威优46’为早、晚稻供试品种,在湖南湘潭开展了双季免耕、双季翻耕、双季旋耕、早旋晚免、早翻晚免等5种土壤耕作方式的比较试验。结果表明,早稻产量表现翻耕旋耕免耕的趋势;晚稻产量以双季翻耕处理最高,双季旋耕处理最低,3个晚季免耕处理间无显著差异;两季总产量以双季翻耕处理最高,早翻晚免处理次之,其他依次为双季免耕、早旋晚免与双季旋耕处理。翻耕处理产量最高的原因在于分蘖较多,有效穗数较高,生育后期叶面积、叶片叶绿素含量与净光合速率较高。与双季翻耕处理相比,早翻晚免处理产量有所下降(降幅7.29%),但其具有省工省力、节约能源等优点,可在南方双季稻田推广应用。     

不同耕作和施氮模式对淮北地区小麦干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响

为明确不同耕作和施氮模式对淮北砂姜黑土地区小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响，以烟农19为试验材料，设置旋耕+氮肥基施（RW）、旋耕+氮肥后移（RA）、翻耕+氮肥基施（DW）和翻耕+氮肥后移（DA）共4个处理，开展了大田小区试验，考察不同处理下小麦花后光合特性、干物质积累、根系分布、水分利用效率（WUE）及产量的差异。结果表明，相同施氮模式下，翻耕较旋耕显著提升了小麦产量，增产的原因是穗数、穗粒数和粒重的显著增加；相同耕作模式下，氮肥后移（RA和DA）的产量较氮肥基施（RW和DW）分别提高了25.54%和17.94%。翻耕和氮肥后移均增强了花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性，降低了丙二醛含量，显著提高了旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率以及花后光合同化物积累对籽粒产量的贡献率和总干物质积累量。RA、DW、DA处理较RW处理均显著提高了开花期0~60 cm土层的根长密度、根干重密度及WUE，其中WUE增幅分别为21.35%、12.71%和31.21%。综合来看，在淮北砂姜黑土地区采用翻耕结合氮肥后移的种植模式能延缓小麦花后旗叶衰老，维持叶片光合能力，增加群体干物质积累量，促进根系生长，实现产量和WUE的协同提升。     

不同栽插方式对超级杂交籼稻生长及产量的影响

以准两优527和Q优6号为材料,研究了不同栽插方式(机械移栽和人工手栽)对超级杂交籼稻生长特性和产量的影响。结果表明,在生育中期(拔节期至抽穗期),机插稻叶面积指数、比叶面积、叶面积比率、光合势均高于手栽稻,干物质积累量、净同化率、作物生长率均低于手栽稻;成熟期机插稻干物质积累量高于手栽稻,主要是由于抽穗期至成熟期作物生长率高于手栽稻;全生育期内机插稻养分吸收量均低于手栽稻;机插稻有效穗数和千粒重高于手栽稻,而每穗总粒数和结实率低于手栽稻,产量与手栽稻无显著差异。     

耕作方式对砂姜黑土小麦氮代谢及氮素利用效率的影响

为探求砂姜黑土区小麦高产高效的最佳耕作方式,在大田条件下,比较分析了深松、旋耕和常规翻耕三种耕作方式下小麦氮素同化关键酶活性、中间产物含量及氮素的积累、分配、转运和利用效率的特点。结果表明,随生育进程的推进,小麦叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先升后降的趋势,全氮含量则逐渐下降,在各时期深松处理的这些指标均显著高于旋耕和常规耕作处理,且在后期维持较高水平。深松处理通过营养器官花前贮存氮素向籽粒的高转运以及花后氮素的高吸收、高贡献,获得成熟期较高的籽粒氮素积累量和分配比例;虽然旋耕处理的转运氮对籽粒氮素的贡献率较高,但其氮素转运量、转运效率和花后吸收氮量较低,成熟期籽粒的氮积累量和分配比例在三种耕作方式中最低,茎秆和穗轴+颖壳的分配比例反而最高。深松处理较其余二处理能显著提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量、氮素吸收效率、氮肥回收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素产投比。因此,深松能有效促进砂姜黑土区小麦的氮素同化能力,延长叶片功能期,提高氮素利用效率,促进小麦产量与品质的形成。     

不同耕作方式对土壤水分及玉米生长发育的影响

针对辽宁省中北部地区土壤耕层变浅、犁地层变硬等问题,以当地传统的耕作方式秋季旋耕为对照,设置秋季旋耕后翻耕25 cm、秋季旋耕后深松30 cm、秋季旋耕后隔年深松30 cm 3种耕作方式,探讨不同耕作方式对土壤水分和玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明,翻耕或深松处理均有利于土壤含水量的提高,其中以秋季旋耕后深松30 cm和秋季旋耕后翻耕25 cm的保墒效果最佳;翻耕或深松处理均增加了根冠比和产量,提高了玉米叶片酶活性,延缓了玉米生育后期叶片的衰老,其中以秋季旋耕后翻耕25 cm效果最佳。秋季旋耕后翻耕25 cm的耕作方式较好。     

不同耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区玉米生长和产量的影响

耕作方式影响玉米的生长和产量。设置旋耕垄作(RT)、旋耕垄作深松(RTS)、免耕(NT)、免耕深松(NTS)、旋耕平作(FT)、旋耕平作深松(FTS)6个处理,分析不同耕作方式对玉米苗期根系生长、干物质积累、净光合速率和产量构成,研究不同耕作方式对半干旱区玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,免耕处理显著降低了玉米苗期根系的鲜重、干重和体积。旋耕垄作、旋耕平作和免耕结合深松处理干物质积累量较未深松处理增加3.17%～15.08%,旋耕平作结合深松处理提高了玉米有效穗数、玉米净光合速率,进一步提高玉米产量。     

秋季耕作方式对旱地麦-玉二熟区小麦产量形成的影响

为明确秋季耕作方式对旱地麦-玉二熟体系小麦籽粒产量形成的影响,于2019年6月至2021年6月,在豫西典型旱作麦-玉二熟区的洛阳市孟津区小浪底镇明达村,选择前茬夏玉米免耕的田块,设置秋深松、秋免耕和秋旋耕3种耕作方式,分析了不同秋季耕作方式下两个试验年度的小麦籽粒产量及其构成因素和穗部性状以及2020-2021年度的小麦群体茎蘖数、孕穗后的旗叶净光合速率（P_n）和干物质积累转运特性。结果表明,秋季耕作方式对小麦产量、穗部性状、旗叶P_n和干物质积累转运特性均有显著的调节作用。与秋旋耕相比,秋深松的小麦茎蘖数除返青期外均显著增加,穗数增加5.74%~16.06%;秋深松虽然对小麦旗叶P_n无显著影响,但提高灌浆中后期的旗叶SPAD值,显著改善了干物质积累转运特性,从而使千粒重增加,其中2019-2020年度使穗长和小穗数分别提高7.50%和9.42%,最终使籽粒产量提高9.77%~19.09%。秋免耕后,小麦孕穗和抽穗期的叶片P_n、返青至开花期的干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率也较秋旋耕均显著降低,而花后干物质对籽粒产量贡献率提高7.35个百分点,从而保证了籽粒产量无显著下降。与秋免耕相比,秋深松下不同生育时期的茎蘖数均显著增加,孕穗至灌浆中后期的叶片P_n,灌浆中后期的旗叶SPAD值,返青-成熟期的干物质积累量,花前干物质转运量、转运效率及其对籽粒产量的贡献率分别提高7.16%~18.41%、10.27%、12.25%~19.97%、42.19%、4.02个百分点和11.95个百分点,其中2019-2020年度穗长和小穗数分别增加7.50%和8.41%,穗数和籽粒产量分别提高16.74%~17.63%和10.31%~23.63%。综上,秋深松不仅可增加小麦穗数,而且可改善旗叶光合及干物质积累转运特性,进而提高籽粒产量,是旱地麦-玉二熟区实现小麦高产的耕作方式。     

土壤耕作方式对湘南晚稻产量形成、米质与水分利用效率的影响

为构建湘南晚稻高产高效栽培技术体系,以杂交晚稻品种‘丰源优299’为材料,研究了土壤耕作方式对湘南晚稻产量形成、米质与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)免耕处理实际产量显著低于翻耕处理,减产10.2%~16.4%,其原因是免耕处理成穗率较低、每穗实粒数与结实率显著下降;翻耕条件下垄作和平作处理间实际产量差异极小,而免耕条件下垄作较平作处理显著减产,降幅达6.9%;(2)翻耕条件下垄作处理晚稻稻米外观品质、蒸煮品质和食味品质均较平作处理有所改善;(3)垄作处理晚稻水分利用效率显著提高,灌溉水利用效率提高50%以上,总耗水利用效率提高8%左右。可见,土壤耕作方式对湘南晚稻产量、米质与水分利用具有显著影响,本试验条件下免耕处理与垄作栽培未见产量优势,而垄作处理节水效果显著。     

Differences in Response of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Elevated CO2 Concentration in Different Rice Varieties

【Objective】Our aim is to investigate the differences in response of grain yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization to FACE (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) of different rice varieties. 【Method】Six rice varieties, including conventional japonica rice, hybrid indica rice, and conventional indica rice, were used to study the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) (atmospheric CO2 concentration increase) on the nitrogen absorption, utilization, and yield of different types of rice.【Result】 1) FACE treatment dramatically increased rice yield by 24.17% on average and the maximum increment was observed in conventional indica rice. Compared with other types of rice varieties, hybrid indica showed the highest grain yield under both FACE and control (CK) treatments. 2) Panicle number was significantly improved in FACE treatment with conventional japonica rice varieties having the maximum increment. Spikelet number per panicle was significantly improved in hybrid and conventional indica rice varieties in FACE treatment. 3) The nitrogen absorption (NA) and nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) were significantly higher in FACE treatment than those in CK treatment. The average increase of NA was 21.23% with the maximum increment in hybrid indica rice varieties. Compared with other rice varieties, conventional indica rice varieties had the highest NA both in FACE and CK treatments. The average increase of NUEg was 7.33% with hybrid indica rice varieties enjoying the maximum increment. The hybrid indica rice varieties had the highest NUEg in FACE treatment and in CK treatment, respectively. 4) Nitrogen content was decreased in FACE treatment with the average decrease of 0.105%, among which the maximum decrease was observed in conventional japonica rice. Dry matter weight was extremely and significantly increased in FACE treatment. The average increase of dry weight was 23.95% with the maximum increment in conventional indica rice varieties. NA of single panicle was significantly improved in FACE treatment with the average increase of 10.79% in conventional indica rice varieties and 13.93% in hybrid indica rice varieties, but NA of single panicle was decrease by 9.60% in conventional japonica rice. FACE treatment significantly increased rice NA intensity with an average increase of 22.29% and the maximum increment was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties. The growth duration was not influenced by FACE treatment in all rice varieties. NAs of stem, leaf and panicle were significantly higher in FACE treatment than in CK treatment with the highest increase of 51.86% in leaf. The largest increase of NA was observed in hybrid indica rice. NA in different rice growth stages was significantly improved with the maximum increment of 108.90% during heading-maturity. The maximum increment of NA from heading to maturity was observed in hybrid indica rice varieties.5) Effects of dry matter weight, NA per panicle, NA intensity, NA of panicle and NA from heading to maturity on NA at maturity were greater than those of nitrogen content, panicle number, growth duration, NAA of leaf, stem and sheath, NAA during transplanting-tillering and tillering-heading. 6) Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPN) was significantly improved in FACE treatment with an average increase of 24.16% and the maximum increment in conventional indica rice. NAA per 100 kg grains was significantly reduced in FACE treatment with an average decrease of 4.7%. The maximum decrease of NAA per 100 kg grains was observed in conventional indica rice varieties.【Conclusion】The results indicated that FACE could markedly increased both grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in all rice varieties, but the increases varied with the variety types.     

超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析

以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。 超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。 超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。 超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。     

Difference in Growth Characteristics,Utilization of Temperature and Illumination of Double- Cropping High Quality Late Rice in Different Ecological Regions of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

【Objective】Under machine-transplanting conditions, four different types of late rice cultivars with high quality were used to investigate the differences of yield, growth characteristics, utilization of temperature and illumination. The results will lay a theoretical basis for the selection of double-cropping late rice varieties suitable for different ecological regions in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.【Method】The yield, growth duration, dry matter accumulation, and utilization of temperature and illumination of double-cropping late rice were comparatively studied using four kinds of rice varieties as test materials namely indica conventional rice, indica hybrid rice, japonica conventional rice and Changyou japonica hybrid rice (20 varieties in total, selected between 2016 and 2017, all of which were high-quality rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as double-cropping late rice). The experiment was carried out in two cities, Fuyang, Zhejiang Province (30.05º N, 119.95º E, 17.93 m above sea level) and Lujiang, Anhui Province (31.15º N, 117.16º E, 14 m above sea level).【Result】The yield of the four-types of late rice at high latitude was higher than that at low latitude. The yield of indica conventional rice, indica hybrid rice, japonica conventional rice, and Changyou japonica hybrid rice grown in Lujiang, Anhui Province was 11.1%, 12.9%, 6.6% and 12.4% higher than that in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. When planted in the same places, Changyou japonica hybrid rice had the highest yield, and conventional indica rice had the lowest. The growth period was longer and dry matter accumulation was higher at high latitudes. When planted at high altitudes, the indica hybrid rice growth duration was the longest (10.4 d), and the increase in dry matter accumulation was the largest in conventional japonica rice (11.93% in full heading stage and 9.44% in mature stage). When planted in the same place, the dry matter accumulation was higher in hybrid rice than conventional rice. There was no significant difference in effective accumulated temperature between the filling stage and the whole growth duration of indica rice, but the sunshine hours, solar radiation, and its utilization rate were significantly higher at high latitudes. The effective accumulated temperature decreased significantly in the filling stage and the whole growth stage of japonica rice, but the change of accumulated sunshine hours was not obvious, while the accumulated solar radiation increased significantly at high latitudes. These were consistent with the changing trend of the utilization rate of the temperature and light resources. When planted at the same latitude, the growth period, dry matter accumulation, temperature and light resource utilization rate of japonica rice were higher than those of indica rice.【Conclusion】Late indica rice could make full use of temperature and light resources in order to improve its yield when planted in Lujiang, Anhui Province, but the difference of the utilization efficiency in the temperature and light resources of late japonica rice was not obvious. The yield of late japonica rice in Lujiang, Anhui Province increased because of the extension of the growth duration and the increase of dry matter accumulation.     

中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势形成及其形态生理特征

以中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合甬优2640、甬优1640为材料,常规粳稻镇稻11、武运粳30和杂交籼稻丰两优香1号、新两优6380为对照,比较各类型品种在干物质积累、穗部特征、叶片形态及茎秆特性上的差异。结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量为11.3 t/hm~2(11.1、11.4 t/hm~2),较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高6.6%和13.0%;产量构成上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的每穗粒数和群体颖花量显著高于对照,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重低于对照;甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗期、成熟期的干物质量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量依次为13.4 t/hm2、21.6 t/hm~2、6.9 t/hm~2,均显著高于对照;穗部特征上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的单穗质量和着粒密度高于对照,穗长略低于杂交籼稻,近80%的籽粒集中于中上部,而常规粳稻75%的籽粒集中于中下部,杂交籼稻籽粒分布相对匀称;甬优籼粳杂交稻上3叶的叶宽和卷曲率高于对照,叶长和叶基角处于对照之间(以杂交籼稻最大),披垂度最低,上部1、3叶差异显著;株高、穗高、秆长及穗下节间占秆长的比例以杂交籼稻甬优籼粳杂交稻常规粳稻;成熟期单茎茎干质量、单茎鞘干质量及基部节间单位长度干质量以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势特征为足穗基础上,主攻大穗,并保持较高的结实率和千粒重;形态生理特征表现为籽粒集中于中上部,上3叶大小适宜,叶片内卷且直立,株高及穗下节间占秆长的比例适中,成熟期茎秆充实度好。     

耕作方式对冬小麦内源激素含量及产量的影响

为探讨耕作方式对冬小麦不同生育时期内源激素含量及产量的影响,在大田条件下,设3种耕作方式(耕翻+镇压,旋耕+镇压和旋耕),在小麦各生育时期定期取样,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离、测定小麦5种植物内源激素的含量,并测定各处理小麦的产量及其构成因素。结果表明,在小麦越冬至抽穗期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量较高;在抽穗灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、GA3、ZT含量最高,进入灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量下降缓慢,且ABA含量较低。耕翻+镇压处理下的小麦产量较旋耕+镇压及旋耕处理分别提高了3.74%和9.41%,且与旋耕处理的差异达到极显著水平。因此,3种耕作方式处理下,耕翻+镇压有利于提高小麦促生长类激素含量,降低小麦促衰老类激素含量,增加小麦有效穗数,促进籽粒灌浆,提高小麦千粒重,有利于实现小麦的高产优质。     

相同父本的不同两系杂交组合物质生产和运输及产量形成特性

以父本相同的3个两系杂交组合及其父本为供试材料,研究其物质生产和分配及产量形成特点。结果表明：（1）各组合齐穗期叶面积指数和叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性高于父本,后期差异不大;（2）孕穗期至齐穗期各组合群体净同化率、作物生长率高于或接近于父本,但齐穗后则有高有低;（3）各组合齐穗期糖花比与茎鞘物质输出率的乘积低于其父本;（4）父本的穗颈节间输导组织性状优于杂交组合,但各组合穗颈节间过氧化氢酶活性高于父本;（5）各组合结实率均低于父本,产量仅有陆18S/1125明显高于父本,其余差异不大。     

Analysis on Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice

Six middle-season indica hybrid rice combinations,including five super hybrid rice combinations with the high yield about 10.5 t/ha and a check hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63 with a yield potential about 9.5 t/ha,were used as materials to study the dry matter production characteristics.The super hybrid rice showed a high ability in dry matter production and accumulation and its yield enhanced with the increase of dry matter accumulation.The advantage period of dry matter production in the super hybrid rice was mainly at the middle and late growth stages compared with the check.The grain yield had no significant correlation with the dry matter accumulation before the elongation stage while had a significantly positive correlation with the dry matter accumulation from the elongation to maturity stages in super hybrid rice.There were more dry matter in vegetative organs at the heading stage in the super hybrid rice but its contribution to yield (apparent conversion percentage) was averagely 4.3 percent points lower than that in the check.For crop growth rate (CGR),the comparative advantage of super hybrid rice was at the middle and late stages,especially after flowering.Moreover,as the rising of leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD),CGR enhanced.The total LAD and the mean of LAD per day of super hybrid rice was about 14.79% and 10.31% higher than those of the check,respectively.The results indicate that the high yield of super hybrid rice mostly comes from the products of photosynthesis after heading,which is shown by the increased CGR at middle and later stages.It is suggested that LAD character might be used to better explain the advantage in the dry matter production of super hybrid rice than LAI.     

钵苗机插密度对双季晚稻产量及群体质量的影响

以杂交籼稻品种五丰优T025、籼粳杂交稻品种甬优538、常规粳稻品种小叶迟熟为材料,设置5个钵苗机插密度(D1,33 cm×12 cm;D2,33 cm×13 cm;D3,33 cm×14 cm;D4,33 cm×15 cm;D5,33 cm×16 cm),以毯苗机插为对照(CK,30.0 cm×13.2 cm),比较研究了不同钵苗机插密度对双季晚稻产量及群体质量的影响,旨在探明水稻钵苗机插在双季晚稻区的适宜栽插密度。试验结果表明:(1)三种类型水稻的产量均随移栽密度的增加而增加,相同密度条件下D1处理产量均极显著高于CK,2年平均增产8.13%~9.50%;(2)钵苗机插水稻移栽后群体的茎蘖数均表现为处理D1D2D3D4D5,与CK相比,D1处理的茎蘖数栽后增长快,拔节后群体茎蘖数消减缓慢,成穗率高;(3)移栽期至拔节期、拔节期至抽穗期、抽穗期至成熟期三种类型水稻钵苗机插的干物质积累量、群体生长率、光合势均表现为处理D1D2D3D4D5,移栽期至拔节期CK的干物质积累量和光合势大于D1处理,拔节期至抽穗期、抽穗期至成熟期D1的干物质积累量、群体生长率及光合势均高于CK;(4)钵苗机插水稻主要生育期的群体干物质量均表现为处理D1D2D3D4D5,而单茎干物质量却表现出相反的趋势;(5)钵苗机插水稻在主要生育时期的叶面积指数及抽穗期群体的有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率及粒叶比均随密度的增加呈上升趋势,抽穗期群体的有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率及粒叶比D1处理极显著高于CK。本试验结果表明,在双季晚稻区不同类型水稻品种钵苗机插最适宜行株距为33 cm×12 cm。     

Characterization of Leaf Photosynthetic Properties for No-Tillage Rice

A study was conducted to determine the influence of no-tillage cultivation on leaf photosynthesis of rice plants under field conditions. Experiments with the treatments, no-tillage and conventional tillage were carried out at three locations (Jiaxing, Hangzhou, and Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province, China) for two years (2005 and 2006). Grain yield was constant in Jiaxing, but slightly higher in Hangzhou and Xiaoshan under no-tillage cultivation than that under conventional cultivation. In comparison with the conventional cultivation, no-tillage cultivation showed less biomass accumulation before heading and higher capacity of matter production during grain filling. A significantly higher leaf net photosynthetic rate was observed for the plants under no-tillage than for those under conventional tillage. The fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm) in leaf did not show any difference between the two cultivations. The effect of cultivation management on transpiration rate (Tr) and SPAD value of rice leaf was dependent on the location and year.