食用稻米品质性状间的相关性分析

对来自全国各地的8 390份稻米样品按籼型常规稻、籼型杂交稻、粳型常规稻和粳型杂交稻进行分类,并对其品质性状做了相关分析和多重比较。简单相关分析的结果表明：（1）在碾磨品质上,糙米率、精米率、整精米率两两极显著正相关;（2）在外观品质上,籼粳稻的长宽比与糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白率、垩白度均呈显著负相     

粳型巨胚稻西巨胚1号主要农艺性状及稻米品质研究初报

对粳型巨胚稻西巨胚1号与当地普通优质稻对比分析结果表明:西巨胚1号的生育期、苗情动态、植株性状、抗性与当地普通优质稻相近,可在合系22-2和昌米011种植的地区正常生长和成熟;西巨胚1号稻米的物理品质较好,粒形短圆,糙米率80.04%,垩白度5.59,稻胚巨大,胚部重量和体积是普通稻胚的2～3倍,胚内脂肪含量12.68%,明显高于普通稻.产量虽然较普通稻米低,但因其特殊的营养价值,可以通过改进栽培技术和产品深加工等措施提高产值.     

水稻亚种间、品种间杂交揭示杂草稻的起源和进化

杂草稻是在稻田或可耕地周边生长的类似杂草并兼有野生稻和栽培稻特性的稻属植株或群体。迄今对杂草稻的发生和进化尚有很多的争论和假说,本研究通过水稻亚种间和品种间的杂交试验以及亲本与杂交后代籼粳分化分子标记的遗传分析,对杂草稻起源和进化途径进行了探讨并提出了相应的防控策略。研究结果显示:亚种间和品种间特定亲本杂交组合(7个籼/粳,4个籼/籼)的后代中均可分离出类似杂草稻的植株,其频率为籼/粳>籼/籼;籼粳交或籼籼交F2-F4代群体中产生类似杂草稻植株的频率随世代增加呈现递增趋势(F2最低为1.26%,F4最高为15.35%),这与双亲的遗传背景有密切关系,即籼、粳亚种的遗传背景差距越大,其杂交组合后代中产生杂草稻的机率越高;籼/粳交组合安山稻/9311F3代分离群体中类似杂草稻的植株以籼型为主(占52.8%);韩国粳稻品种安山稻在籼粳组合中不论作母本或父本,杂交后代都易产生类似杂草稻单株,这可能与其籼粳组分遗传异质性较高有关;粳/粳组合后代中未鉴定出类似杂草稻的植株,预示粳稻品种间杂交可能不易产生杂草稻。本研究为杂草稻的防控和利用研究提供参考依据。     

对特种稻胭脂稻种质创新的研究

利用引进的农家品种籼型胭脂稻特种资源，与吉林省当地创新的粳型特种稻龙锦1号、红香1号、巨胚清香糯、红糯等杂交，采用系谱选择的方法，选育出创新的适合于北方寒地种植的粳型胭脂稻新种质资源：黏型巨胚胭脂稻、糯型巨胚胭脂稻和普通胭脂稻。结果表明：创新的胭脂稻新种质明显改进了原有农家品种的一些不良性状，具有产量高，不落粒，种皮颜色均匀一致，有香味等特点，极大地提高了特种稻的利用价值。     

不同栽培方式对粳型巨胚稻产量与品质的影响

用粳型巨胚稻新品系西巨胚1号为试验对象,以常规粳稻合系22-2作对照,采用淹水、旱种和垄畦等三种栽培方式进行种植,研究不同栽培方式对粳型巨胚稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明：巨胚稻的穗粒数和有效穗受栽培方式的影响较大,与产量的相关性大,采用垄畦栽培可以获得比淹水和旱作都高的产量;栽培方式对巨胚稻米的外观形状、糙米率、蛋白质和直链淀粉含量等影响不大,但对垩白粒率和垩白面积影响较大。因此,在巨胚稻生产过程中建议采用垄畦栽培以获得最大产量和最优品质。     

籼型巨胚稻的发现及其遗传育种研究

以若干籼稻品种为材料,通过核辐射诱变于M3代获得巨胚品系。对巨胚性状作了遗传育种分析。结果表明,巨胚属隐性单基因遗传,种胚的大小直接由合子基因型决定,而与为胚发育提供营养的母株基因型、胚乳基因型及细胞质均无关系。因此,可在诱变的M2世代或杂交F2世代的种子上直接进行巨胚性状选择。巨胚稻糙米胚重比原来品种大     

籼粳稻杂交气孔性状遗传的初步研究

本试验以典型粳型(秋光)、典型籼型(七山占)、通过籼梗稻杂交育成的偏粳型和偏籼型4种类型为试材,研究了类型间剑叶气孔性状的差异及其遗传特性。结果表明,典型籼稻七山占与典型粳稻秋光的气孔密度差异极显著,而二者气孔长度和气孔宽度的差异不显著。正反交F1的气孔密度与秋光的差异分别达到了极显著和显著水平。正交F1的气孔长度与亲本间的差异均不显著,反交F1的气孔长度与七山占间的差异显著,而与秋光的差异未达显著水平。正反交F1之间的气孔宽度差异不显著,而与亲本间的差异均达到极显著水平。七山占和秋光组合后F2气孔性状的分离均呈连续变异,接近正态分布,气孔长度、气孔宽度表现出了超亲遗传且籼粳亚种间有显著差异的气孔性状,是由核微效多基因控制的数量性状。     

(禾鲁)稻与云南稻地方品种亲缘关系的初步研究

穭稻的植株形态及谷粒特性与云南稻的两个粳型地方品种相近,彼此的杂交结实率高于它与籼型品种的杂交结实率。穭稻野生性状较强,在 F_1代中表现显性.F_1植株的花粉育性为1.15—82.1%,与粳型品种杂交时育性较高,又以穭稻为母本时育性高于其反交组合。穭稻种胚酯酶同工酶的酶带与云南稻的粳型品种有些相近。穭稻与云南稻四个品     

籼粳稻杂交育成品种的亚种特征性状及其与经济性状的关系

采用程氏指数法研究的结果表明:95个籼粳杂交育成水稻品种均划入粳型或偏粳型；6项亚种特征性状中穗壳色、酚反应、稃毛、叶毛及籽粒长宽比全部或大多表现典型粳型特性，少量为中间型或偏向籼型，穗节长表现中间类型最多，极少数为籼型和粳型；籼粳杂交F1和育成品种的程氏指数和亚种特征性状与经济性状关系不密切，而F2的相关     

色稻碾米品质性状的遗传效应分析

以６个色稻和１个普通稻品种为材料，采用７×７完全双列杂交法分析色稻主要碾米品质性状糙米率的遗传及其与主要营养品质性状间的遗传相关性。结果表明，色稻糙米率的遗传符合加性－显性模型，显性作用和加性作用都重要，基因的平均显性作用表现完全显性和部分超显性，显性等位基因对提高糙米率起增效作用，隐性等位基因起减效作用，且其广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高，在品种改良中适宜在早期世代进行选择。相关分析结果表明，糙米率与米粒中矿质元素磷和锰的含量呈显著正相关，而与蛋白质、铁和锌含量呈显著负相关。     

籼型黑米稻粒形性状与其中某些矿质元素含量的遗传相关性

采用禾谷类作物种子数量性状遗传模型, 分析籼型黑米稻品种双列杂交F1和F2种子粒形性状与其中矿质元素Fe、 Zn、 Mn和P含量间的多种遗传相关性. 结果表明, 籼型黑米粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒长/粒宽与其中Fe、 Zn、 Mn和P含量除存在明显的表现型相关和基因型相关外, 尚存在较明显的种子直接加性相关、直接显性相关、细胞质相关、     

Genetic analysis for protein content in indica rice

Analysis of genetic main effects and GE interaction effects for protein content (PC) and protein index (PI) of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted for two year experimental data by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in cereal crops. Nine cytoplasmic male sterile lines or maintainers as female parents and five restorer lines as male parents were used for a NC II mating design in 1995 and 1996. The results indicated that PC and PI traits were simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects as well as GE interaction effects. For PC and PI of rice, the embryo interaction effects (embryo additive and dominance interaction effects) were important as effects of triploid endosperm, cytoplasm and diploid maternal plant. The estimates of narrow-sense heritability for PC and PI of rice were 85.3% and 77.9%, respectively. The interaction heritability was found to be larger than the general heritability for PC and PI of rice. Significant relationships for components of different genetic effects between PC and PI were found. The GE interaction covariances tended to be positive. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

巨胚稻的生物学特性研究

对通过辐射诱变获得的巨胚稻品系及它们相应的非巨胚对照的生物学特性进行研究，结果认为，(1)直接辐照诱变获得的巨胚稻品系与相应原非巨胚稻相比，在主要农艺性状和有效穗、穗粒数、结实率3个产量性状上十分相似，差异不显著，但巨胚稻千粒重下降1.90~3.13 g，进而使理论产量和实际产量也相应下降；巨胚稻的粒重和容重均比相应非巨胚稻显著减小，但巨胚稻绝对胚重是非巨胚对照的1.69~2.04倍，相对胚重是非巨胚对照的1.97~2.47倍；（2）通过杂交选育的2个巨胚恢复系同它们相应非巨胚对照的农艺和产量性状则差异较大，绝对胚重和相对胚重也均比相应亲本提高，分别是相应对照的2.06倍和1.75倍（绝对胚重）及2.42倍和2.04倍（相对胚重）。     

南方稻区早籼产量与主要经济性状的分析

为揭示主要经济性状对南方稻区早籼产量的影响规律,采用相关、通径、主成分和回归分析方法,对2009—2011年南方稻区早籼区域试验29个水稻品种或组合的产量及主要经济性状进行统计分析。结果表明：经济性状的变异系数最大的是有效穗(12.78%);偏相关分析结果表明产量与有效穗(0.5632**)、千粒重(0.7456**)呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明早籼产量信息的主要因子是粒数因子、贡献率为39.93%,生育期因子、贡献率为20.28%,粒重因子、贡献率为17.30%;从主成分第一特征向量分析结果看,负荷量较大因子是每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数,前3个主成分累积贡献率就达到77.51%。通径分析表明4个产量构成因素的直接通径系数的大小依次为：总粒数(Py2=0.9601)>千粒重(Py4=0.7309)>结实率(Py3=0.6872)>有效穗(Py1=0.5411)。回归分析结果表明早籼产量的72.56%是由有效穗、总粒数、结实率、千粒重决定。据此结果,提出了早籼高产育种和高产栽培的主攻方向。     

优质早籼稻产量性状分析及育种策略探讨

对115份优质早籼稻新品系的产量性状与产量的相关分析和通径分析结果表明：各产量性状均与产量呈正相关,除株高外,其余5个性状与产量的相关均达极显著或显著水平,产量性状之间存在着相互制约和相互依赖的关系;每穴穗数对产量的贡献最大（47.84%）,其次为每穗总粒数（21.86%）,再次为千粒重和结实率（分别为14.47%和9.46%）.根据分析结果,笔者认为优质早籼稻高产育种应主攻分蘖和提高分蘖成穗率,同时注意提高每穗粒数和千粒重.优质早籼稻高产（即产量达500～600kg/667m^2）育种的产量性状模式为单株有效穗8～10穗、每穗总粒数125～150粒、结实率80%以上、千粒重24～27g.     

长江流域杂交早稻品质性状的表现及配合力研究

在探索我国长江流域杂交早稻品质改良的育种手段，为其品种选育提供理论依据。选用长江流域生产上大面积应用的6个早籼稻不育系和5个早籼稻恢复系及NCⅡ设计配制了30个杂交早稻组合，对各组合的12品质性状进行了测定和分析。结果表明，各品质性状的杂种优势表现普遍介于双亲之间，垩白和整精米率是长江流域杂交早稻品质改良的主要限制因子。12个主要品质性状组合间方差均达极显著水平，存在极显著的遗传差异；各品质性状基因的加性效应和非加性效应对杂交早稻的品质存在极显著的影响。各品质性状狭义遗传力为长/宽>粒长>垩白度>粒宽>整精米率>糊化温度>直链淀粉含量>垩白率>垩白面积>出糙率>胶稠度>精米率。出糙率与精米率,整精米率与糊化温度, 粒长与长/宽, 粒宽与垩白粒率、垩白面积、直链淀粉, 垩白粒率与精米宽、垩白面积、直链淀粉含量,垩白面积与粒宽、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等性状间存在显著或极显著正相关。整精米率与垩白粒率,长/宽与粒宽、垩白粒率、垩白面积、垩白度、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量等性状间呈显著或极显著负相关。对杂交早稻品质性状之间的内在联系、遗传以及品质改良也进行了讨论。     

Development and characterization of chromosome segment substitution lines derived from backcross between japonica donor rice cultivar Yukihikari and japonica recipient cultivar Kirara397

Grain yield-related traits and grain quality-related traits are important for rice cultivars. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in controlling the natural variation in these traits among closely related cultivars are still unclear. The present study describes the development of a novel chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population derived from a cross between the temperate japonica cultivars Yukihikari and Kirara397, which are grown in Hokkaido, the northernmost limit for rice cultivation. Days to heading, culm length, panicle length, panicle number, brown grain weight per plant, thousand brown grain weight, brown grain length, brown grain width, brown grain thickness, apparent amylose content, and protein content were evaluated. Panicle length, brown grain length and amylose content differed significantly in the parental cultivars. Thirty-five significant changes in the evaluated traits were identified in the CSSLs. A total of 28 QTLs were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. These findings could be useful for breeding rice cultivars in the northernmost limit for rice cultivation.     

两用核不育系广占63S和籼粳型父本配组其F1 产量性状与产量的关系

利用光温敏两用核不育系广占63S分别和籼粳型父本测交配组，通过对两种类型F1代的产量性状表现的比较，对两种组配方式32个F1组合的单株产量与产量性状的关系进行相关分析，并对产量性状对单株产量进行了通径分析。结果表明，广占63S与籼型父本配制的组合在结实率和千粒重上优势明显，其单株穗数和单株产量呈极显著正相关，结实率和单株产量呈显著正相关；粳型父本配制组合的结实率和单株产量呈极显著正相关，每穗粒数和单株产量呈显著正相关。两种组配方式后代组合产量性状对单株产量的直接作用也不相同，进而提出了利用广占63S与籼型材料配组比直接利用粳型材料配组更有利于选育出强优势实用型杂交组合。     

Genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in Indica black pericarp rice and their genetic correlations with grain characteristics

Complete diallel crosses with 6 varieties of black pericarp rice and 1 variety of aromatic white rice were conducted to analyze the seed, maternal and cytoplasmic genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in kernels by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in parents and their F₁s and F₂s. Seed, maternal as well as cytoplasmic genetic effects controlled the contents of all the mineral elements studied. The seed genetic effects were found to be more influential than the maternal genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn contents. Seed additive effects constituted a major component of the genetic effects whereas the seed additive along with maternal additive and dominant effects formed the main part in the inheritance of P content. The heritabilities of seed effects on all the mineral contents were highly significant (p< 0.01). The estimated values of narrow-sense heritabilites of seed genetic effects on Fe, Zn and Mn contents were high, while those of seed and maternal effects on P content were intermediate. Single plant selection and single grain selection based on the seed mineral element contents were advocated to improve the hybrid progeny. Genetic correlations showed that there existed significant genetic correlations of seed additive, seed dominance, cytoplasm, maternal additive and maternal dominance between grain characteristics such as 100-grain weight,grain length, grain width, grain shape and mineral elements Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents. Indirect selection of grain characteristics may be one of the breeding methods to select for higher contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and P in black pericarp indica rice. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.