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基于夏玉米叶片气孔导度提升的冠层导度估算模型 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
叶片气孔导度模拟及其向冠层导度的尺度提升是实现蒸散发尺度转换的基础,对农业水资源高效利用与评价意义重大。本文依据夏玉米叶片气孔导度和冠层导度实测值,在建立叶片气孔导度估算模型基础上,构建冠层导度估算模型。结果表明,夏玉米叶片气孔导度每日在10:00-14:00之间达到峰值,其日变化趋势与光合有效辐射的一致性较好,较大的饱和水汽压差对夏玉米叶片气孔导度具有一定的限制作用。根据光合有效辐射和饱和水汽压差建立的叶片气孔导度估算模型能较好反映当地夏玉米叶片气孔导度对主要环境因子的响应过程,以光合有效辐射作为尺度转换因子构建的冠层导度估算模型可较好实现从叶片气孔导度向冠层导度的尺度转换提升。 相似文献
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Model simulations and experimental measurements were used to investigate the applicability of infrared thermography for the estimation of stomatal conductance and drought stress under sub-optimal meteorological conditions. The study focused on the stomatal conductance index Ig, calculated from the leaf temperature and the temperature of a dry and wet reference leaf. The simulations revealed that Ig is influenced by leaf dimension, wind speed and air temperature and not or hardly by leaf angle, albedo, relative humidity or insolation. In addition, Ig was found to be very sensitive to differences in wind speed, air temperature, insolation, leaf dimension and leaf angle between the measured and the reference leaves. In the experimental part, we evaluated if infrared thermography can be used to improve the knowledge on the water use of Jatropha curcas L., a tropical biofuel crop. Thermal images from Jatropha seedlings grown under three different drought treatments were made on a day with very variable insolation and a day with very low insolation. Smaller newly formed leaves and the active control of the leaf angle proved efficient ways of Jatropha to protect leaves under drought stress from overheating. Ig, assessed in four different ways, and four simplified drought stress indices were derived and related to the measured stomatal conductance (gs) of the seedlings. The strongest correlation with gs and the highest discriminative power between the different water treatments were achieved when Ig was calculated by taking the average leaf temperature per plant and the temperature of the dry and wet reference leaves of this plant, rather than the average temperature of several reference leaves. Using the difference between the dry reference and the measured leaf (Tdry − Tl) as a simplified index gave similar results, although correlations were weaker. Other simplified thermal indices were not well correlated with leaf stomatal conductance or with water treatment. Recommendations were formulated for the measurement of Ig and (Tdry − Tl). 相似文献
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Evapotranspiraton estimation based on scaling up from leaf stomatal conductance to canopy conductance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baozhong Zhang Yu Liu Di Xu Jiabing Cai Fusheng Li 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(8):1086-1095
Evapotranspiraton (ET) estimation based on scaling up from leaf stomatal conductance (gs) to canopy conductance (gc) is important in improving effective use and evaluation of agricultural water resources. Taking a summer maize field in north China as an example, after the response of gs to main environmental factors was analyzed based on the measured value, the Jarvis model for gs was established and calibrated. Then the weighted integration model (WI model) was established on the basis of weighted model (W model) after considering the difference of intercept diffuse radiation by shaded leaves in different canopy heights and nonlinear relationship between gs and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to improve gc estimation for shaded leaves using integration equation. Meanwhile the estimation accuracy of W and WI models for gc was compared, and then field ET was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation. Results indicate that the variation of gs was similar to that of PAR and the Jarvis model could better express the response of gs to PAR, vapour pressure deficit and air temperature. Compared to the W model, WI model could effectively improve the estimation accuracy of gc, with the relative error of 4.4%. Penman-Monteith equation overestimated λET by 9.4% using the estimated gc by the W model, but underestimated λET by 2.3% using the estimated gc by the WI model. Therefore, Penman-Monteith equation can estimate maize field ET using the estimated gc by WI model in the region. 相似文献
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无人机热红外图像计算冠层温度特征数诊断棉花水分胁迫 总被引:1,自引:7,他引:1
针对当前无人机热红外遥感诊断作物水分胁迫状况精度不高的问题,该文以4种水分处理的花铃期棉花为试验对象,利用六旋翼无人机搭载热红外传感器,连续5 d采集中午13点的棉花冠层高分辨率热红外影像,通过Canny边缘检测算法将热红外图像中的土壤背景有效剔除,应用温度直方图验证剔除效果,然后计算棉花冠层温度特征数,包括冠层温度标准差(standard deviation of canopy temperature,CTSD)和冠层温度变异系数(canopy temperature coefficient of variation,CTCV);分别研究棉花冠层温度特征数与棉花叶片气孔导度Gs、蒸腾速率Tr、水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)和土壤体积含水率(soil volumetric water content,SWC)的相关关系,并分析冠层温度特征数对诊断棉花水分胁迫的适用性。研究结果表明:棉花冠层温度特征数与表征棉花水分胁迫的生理指标和物理指标都具有较高的相关性,最大的决定系数R2为0.884;棉花冠层温度标准差CTSD和变异系数CTCV与Gs、Tr、CWSI、SWC的决定系数R2分别为0.884、0.625、0.673、0.550和0.853、0.583、0.620、0.520,冠层温度标准差CTSD对作物水分胁迫的敏感程度更高,可以作为诊断作物水分胁迫的新指标。该研究提出冠层温度特征数的计算方法仅需要无人机热红外影像数据,相比其他诊断作物水分胁迫状况的温度指标具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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作物水分胁迫指数与土壤含水量关系探讨 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
基于冠层温度的作物水分胁迫指标CWSI(CropWater StressIndex)广泛用于指导作物灌水时间,利用自动气象站的观测资料分别计算了不同供水处理条件下冬小麦中午12:00的作物水分胁迫指数。并将作物水分胁迫指数和对应的土壤含水量进行相关分析。以探讨用作物水分胁迫指数确定灌水量的可行性。结果表明,二者呈一定相关性,但相关关系不密切,复相关系数为0.54,作物水分胁迫指数随土壤含水量的降低呈明显的增大趋势。作物水分胁迫指数随气象因子的波动表现出明显的波动性,且在作物遭受较严重水分胁迫下波动性更强,这预示着利用作物水分胁迫指数直接定量标识作物土壤水分状况的可靠性不强。 相似文献
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基于无人机遥感影像的玉米冠层温度提取及作物水分胁迫监测 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
针对当前无人机热红外遥感提取冠层温度不准确、监测作物水分胁迫状况精度不高的问题,该研究以不同水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,利用无人机获取试验区域热红外和可见光图像资料,分别采用Otsu算法、EXG-Kmeans算法和Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法获取冠层区域图像,并对提取结果进行精度评价,而后采用最优算法求得对应作物水分胁迫指数(Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI),通过分析CWSI同土壤含水率相关关系以及CWSI日平均变化趋势来监测玉米水分亏缺状况。结果表明:1)相比于其他方法,Otsu-EXG-Kmeans算法对冠层温度提取精度更高(用户精度为95.9%),提取的冠层温度更接近实测温度(r=0.788),可以准确获取图像冠层温度。2)相比于冠层温度,CWSI与土壤含水率的相关性更高(r= -0.738),CWSI日平均变化趋势更符合实际情况,可更加精确地监测玉米缺水状况。该研究为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。 相似文献
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A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different soil preparation techniques for Pinus halepensis afforestation on physiological parameters in Mediterranean summer conditions. The soil preparation treatments consisted of terracing (mechanical and manual) and the addition of an organic amendment (urban solid refuse). The mycorrhizal treatments consisted of nursery inoculation with Pisolithus arhizus and the addition of forest soil to the planting holes. Six years after planting the study revealed significant differences in heights and basal diameters, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the leaves and photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. The pines grown in the manually prepared terraces were subjected to strong water stress, as reflected by the high A:gs ratios and highest levels of phosphorus and potassium in leaves. Mechanical terracing and the addition of urban solid refuse produced a higher photosynthetic rate, and a combination of these treatments was particularly effective. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为在诸多热红外指标中筛选出可靠的作物水分评估指标并探明其最优获取方法与最佳监测时段,该研究以西北旱区主要经济作物番茄为试验材料,设置2个灌水量水平(充分灌溉和1/2亏缺灌溉),通过对比3种干湿参考平面的选取方法(干湿红织物、干湿绿织物、人工喷涂介质),量化了包括作物水分胁迫指数(Crop Water Stress Index,CWSI)、相对气孔导度指数IG、叶片温度Tleaf、叶气温差ΔTleaf-air在内的4个常用热红外指标与植株生理指标(气孔导度gs、光合速率An、叶水势φleaf)间的响应关系,并明确了利用热红外成像技术进行番茄植株水分评估的最佳测定时段。结果表明,以干湿红织物作为参考平面测得的CWSI与gs、An、φleaf间决定系数R2分别达0.687、0.698、0.669,IG与gs、An、φleaf间决定系数R2分别达0.707、0.661、0.663,在3种方法中均最为显著。在12:00-14:00时段热红外指标CWSI与植株生理指标gs、An、φleaf相关性和IG与植株生理指标gs、An、φleaf相关性均为最高,是利用热红外成像技术进行番茄植株水分监测的最佳时段,根据获得的相关函数可实时预测叶片缺水指标,依此判定植株水分状况并作为制定灌溉制度的依据。 相似文献
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基于超声波传感器和DGPS的果树冠径检测 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:7
为实现果园果树的仿形精确喷雾,适时获取果树冠径信息,采用超声波传感器,GPS接受机和电子罗盘等在拖拉机上建立了一套果树冠径检测试验系统。并在室外对5个圆柱规则外形树冠进行了检测试验。试验分别采用4种树冠直径检测计算方法,并选择0.31 m/s和0.65 m/s两种不同拖拉机行驶速度进行检测。采用误差分析的方法检验果树冠径检测系统的实际检测效果。误差分析表明拖拉机分别以0.31 m/s和0.65 m/s速度行驶时,应用超声波探测果树树冠两个轮廓边缘计算5个树冠直径的平均相对误差分别为5.54%和5.80%。用电子罗盘和DGPS数据进行加权平均融合修正拖拉机行驶轨迹,由超声波检测到的果树两个轮廓边缘的位置信息计算果树直径,在两种检测速度下的平均相对误差为14.38%。研究结果为果树仿行喷雾控制和果园果树生长信息采集提供了技术方法。 相似文献
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稻鸭共作对水稻部分株型结构指标的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水稻株型结构能够影响水稻的产量和品质。稻鸭共作能否对水稻株型结构产生影响,目前这方面的定量研究还很少。本研究通过田间对比试验,探讨了稻鸭共作与常规稻作两种处理对水稻分蘖期和齐穗期的部分株型结构指标的影响。结果表明,与常规稻作方式相比,稻鸭共作使水稻基部宽度呈减小趋势、冠层幅度呈增大趋势,最终使植株松散度显著增加,分蘖期和齐穗期增幅分别为12.2%和42.3%。稻鸭共作使水稻倒3叶和倒4叶的叶长、叶开角和披垂度减少,使剑叶和倒2叶的叶长、叶开角和披垂度增大,从而使水稻呈上披下挺的株型结构,并使叶面积主要分布于上部叶片。稻鸭共作使水稻植株的基叶高呈增加趋势,在齐穗期与常规处理达到显著性差异。稻鸭共作有利于水稻生育前期和中期的茎蘖合理发展,而且在后期可促进水稻上部功能叶片的生长,这在一定程度上有利于水稻高产的形成。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTProper irrigation timing can minimize the negative impacts that reduce crop yields. Therefore, in an initial pot experimental study, we assessed the SPAD (Soil–Plant Analysis Development)-chlorophyll meter as a tool to determine proper irrigation timing of wheat under different soil water deficit conditions in a controlled-environment greenhouse. The treatments were controlled irrigation at 100% (T1), 70% (T2), 50% (T3) and 30% (T4) of soil water content at field capacity; and the growth stages were development, mid-season and late-season. SPAD readings were measured pre-irrigation events. The results indicated that the T3 and T2 achieved maximum grain yield per accumulated crop evapotranspiration, i.e. water productivity (0.82 and 0.76 kg m?3), and were at par with T1. Moreover, the SPAD readings had a high Pearson’s correlation coefficient with crop evapotranspiration (r = 0.95; P ≤ 0.001) and wheat grain yield (r = 0.90; P ≤ 0.001), indicating that SPAD reading could be used to reliably estimate when to irrigate wheat. Therefore, T3 and T2 SPAD readings were averaged to estimate a target limit at which irrigation should be applied. Accordingly, the target limit was defined as >44.76 for the development stage, >50.72 for the mid-season stage, and >37.64 for the late-season stage; readings below this target limit indicate that it is time to irrigate. 相似文献
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基于超声波的果树冠层三维重构与体积测量 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
为了克服地面不平整和拖拉机非线性行驶对果树冠层参数测量的影响,该文在超声波传感器阵列测量果树冠层体积技术的基础上,使用RTK-DGPS空间定位技术和姿态航向参考系统,通过空间坐标的平移和旋转转换,直接获得以大地坐标表示的果树冠层的三维点阵云图数据,通过PC机后台处理重构果树冠层三维轮廓和计算果树冠层体积,并详细介绍了系统的结构与工作原理。以果园荔枝树为试验对象,采用该系统对15棵不同高度和体积的果树进行了3次重复试验,另对56棵树的测量结果与人工测量结果进行了对比分析,试验结果表明该方法具有较好的重复性( 相似文献
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冠层温度(canopy temperature,Tc)是作物水分胁迫计算的基础。准确地剔除热红外图像中的土壤背景,可以提高作物水分的监测精度。该研究以4种水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,借助无人机可见光和热红外图像,采用红绿比值指数(red-green ratio index,RGRI)法提取研究区域的面状玉米冠层温度的空间分布信息,并分析每幅热红外图像上冠层温度的累积频率。该并提出了两种改进作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)性能的方法,一是使用基于正态分布的不同统计分位数分割冠层温度,并基于不同统计分位数上的平均冠层温度计算CWSI(记为CWSITcF%)。二是基于冠层温度方差(canopy temperature variance,Var),将玉米冠层数据分为4个区间:区间Ⅰ,Tc≤40,Var≤10;区间Ⅱ,Tc≤40,10< Var≤20;区间Ⅲ,35< Tc<45,Var>20;区间Ⅳ,40< Tc<50,0< Var≤20,并在各自区间上选择最敏感的统计分位数计算CWSI(记为CWSIn)。研究结果表明:1)利用2020年和2021年两年数据计算的CWSIn与作物生理指标(气孔导度Gs、净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr)间的决定系数R2分别为0.72、0.52、0.62 ,nRMSE分别为23.96%、24.06%、25.60%,模型拟合精度高于原始CWSI(R2分别为0.73、0.34、0.46,nRMSE分别为23.69%、28.27%、30.21%),但与CWSITcF%差别不大(R2分别为0.74、0.54、0.61,nRMSE分别为22.87%、23.74%、25.61%);2)虽然CWSITcF%能提高诊断作物水分胁迫的精度,但最敏感的冠层温度区间在年际间相差较大(2020,61.17%;2021,49.38%;两年数据,83.51%),而CWSIn稳定性更高(与生理指标间的nRMSE分别为:2020年16.60%、27.37%、28.49%;2021年21.60%、18.95%、22.64%)。因此,综合来看 CWSIn可以更加精确地监测作物水分胁迫,利用该改进方法可为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。 相似文献
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近地遥感常被用于获取作物冠层组分信息,但在提取叶片反射率时常受到土壤背景、穗和阴影效应的影响。为准确分类并提取作物冠层组分信息,该研究通过分析小麦冠层各组分(光照/阴影叶片、土壤、穗)的光谱及纹理差异,提出了一种光谱指数与数学形态学结合的作物冠层组分分类方法,探讨不同生育时期的最佳冠层组分分类方法,并定量分析不同组分的归一化光谱指数与小麦叶片氮含量的关系。结果表明:光谱指数法能较好地区分小麦抽穗前的不同冠层组分,而抽穗期的分类效果易受麦穗影响;光谱指数与数学形态学结合的分类方法能较好地消除麦穗对光照/阴影叶片提取的干扰(总体分类精度为97.80%,Kappa系数为0.97,运行时间3.87 min),该方法的分类精度及运行效率均优于传统分类方法(迭代自组织数据分析算法(Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm, ISODATA)和最大似然估计(Maximum Likelihood Estimation, MLE));而且,基于光照和阴影叶片的归一化光谱指数对叶片氮含量最敏感。研究结果可为其他作物冠层组分分类和精准农业中农学参数的定量反演提供技术参考。 相似文献
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为探究作物冠层受阳光直射或阴影遮挡对无人机热红外遥感诊断作物水分胁迫、监测土壤含水率的影响,该研究以不同灌溉处理的夏玉米为研究对象,将热红外图像划分为光照冠层、阴影冠层、光照土壤、阴影土壤4个部分,分别提取光照温度与阴影温度后计算了11:00、13:00、15:00的冠气温差(冠层温度与大气温度之差,ΔT)、作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)、蒸发比(潜热通量与有效能量的比值,evaporative fraction,EF),并对比了3种指数在不同时刻使用光照温度(ΔTL、CWSIL、EFL)与阴影温度(ΔTS、CWSIS、EFS)后对土壤含水率的监测效果变化情况。结果表明:1)3种指数的监测效果会随时间发生变化,11:00与15:00时EF监测效果较好,13:00时CWSI监测效果较好,ΔT的监测效果较差但随时间波动最小;2)拔节期在区分光照温度与阴影温度后监测效果在11:00时提升幅度最大,EF、EFS、EFL的R2分别为0.54、0.65、0.78,CWSI、CWSIS、CWSIL的R2分别为0.47、0.64、0.70,抽雄期与灌浆期使用光照温度对监测效果提升不大,但使用阴影温度的指数监测效果有明显降低,在13:00时CWSIS较CWSI有最大降幅,R2降幅分别为0.11、0.06;3)在拔节期与抽雄期使用11:00的EFL,在灌浆期使用13:00的CWSI能取得最好的土壤含水率监测效果,预测土壤含水率的R2分别为0.75、0.75、0.89。该研究可以为无人机热红外监测土壤含水率提供参考。 相似文献
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基于无人机热红外与数码影像的玉米冠层温度监测 总被引:10,自引:9,他引:1
快速、准确、无损地获取田间玉米冠层温度,对实现无人机辅助玉米抗旱性状的监测具有重要的意义。该文以无人机搭载热红外成像仪和RGB高清数码相机构成低空遥感数据获取系统,以不同性状的拔节期玉米为研究对象,采集试验区的无人机影像。利用含有已知三维坐标的几何控制板,进行数码影像几何校正,并利用校正后的数码影像对热红外影像进行几何配准。利用便携式手持测温仪测量辐射定标板黑白面的温度,对热红外影像进行辐射定标。利用高空间分辨率的数码影像对玉米进行分类并二值化处理,基于二值化结果提取热红外影像的玉米冠层像元,并提取试验区不同性状玉米的冠层温度。同时,利用便携式手持测温仪在地面同步测量玉米冠层温度,并与提取的冠层温度经行一致性分析,以验证评估基于热红外影像提取玉米冠层温度的效果。结果表明:提取的冠层温度值与地面实测值具有高度一致性(R2=0.723 6,RMSE=0.60℃),提取精度较高,表明基于无人机热红外影像获取玉米冠层温度的方法具有高通量的优势且精度较高。最后将试验区的植被覆盖度与提取的冠层温度进行对比分析,结果表明:玉米冠层温度与其覆盖度有显著的相关性(R2=0.534 5,P0.000 1),覆盖度越高冠层温度越低,反之则越高,说明玉米冠层覆盖度的大小影响玉米冠层温度的高低。该研究可为玉米育种材料的田间冠层温度监测提供参考。 相似文献