Formation of metal complex in a poly(hydroxamic acid) resin bead

Poly(hydroxamic acid) resin beads were prepared and complexed with various metal ions. We used IR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of metal complex. It proved that the products formed by introduction of metal ions gave stable and colored complex. It was found that the resin bead as synthesized would be a good column packing material for continuous extraction. Energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of metal ions in the resin matrix. It could be tentatively concluded that adsorption and diffusion of metal ions in the chelating resins mainly depended on the loading of the resin matrix which indicated interacting sites with metal ions.     

硫辛酸和甜菜碱在小麦组织培养中的作用

为了研究不同浓度的硫辛酸和甜菜碱对农杆菌侵染后小麦愈伤组织的影响,选取小偃22、Z50和郑麦366的幼胚为外植体,进行农杆菌介导的遗传转化。在抑菌培养基中分别添加2、4和8 mmol·L~(-1)的硫辛酸和10 mmol·L~(-1)的甜菜碱,于5、10和15 d分别观察统计小麦愈伤组织的褐化和水渍化程度。结果表明,添加硫辛酸可有效降低愈伤组织的褐化程度,Z50中添加4 mmol·L~(-1)硫辛酸可使褐化程度较CK降低89.50%,但会提高愈伤组织的水渍化程度;添加10 mmol·L~(-1)甜菜碱对愈伤组织的褐化程度和水渍化程度均无明显影响。     

玉米根系分泌物缓解连作花生土壤酚酸类物质的 化感抑制作用

为探讨玉米//花生间作系统中玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质化感作用的影响机制,采用二氯甲烷提取了玉米抽雄期根系分泌物,添加到含有不同浓度的连作花生根系分泌物中主要的三种酚酸类物质（肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸）混合物的土壤中,研究了土壤微生态环境变化情况。结果表明,酚酸类物质对土壤微生物量、微生物活性、酶活性及养分含量均存在化感抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强（P＜0.05）。整个培养时期,添加玉米根系分泌物均增加了酚酸类物质处理土壤呼吸强度、酶活性、微生物量及养分含量,以低浓度处理增幅较大,分别平均增加7.58%、6.73%、7.72%和4.90%;降低了酚酸类物质对土壤各指标的化感指数,其中低浓度酚酸类物质处理土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物活性、酶活性和养分含量的化感指数分别降低21.57%、21.19%、 26.32%和20.95%。3次取样,酚酸类物质的化感作用呈先增强后降低的趋势,各处理在第10d达到最强;而玉米根系分泌物对酚酸类物质化感作用的影响以处理第5d最强,随后呈减弱趋势。玉米根系分泌物可在一定程度上缓解酚酸类物质对土壤微生态环境的化感作用,为玉米//花生间作缓解花生连作障碍技术提供了理论依据。     

Role of oxidative cleavage and acid hydrolysis of oat beta-glucan in modelled beverage conditions

The effects of organic acids (ascorbic, citric and malic acids) associated with beverages were studied in an unpurified oat beta-glucan extract with the purpose of examining the stability of cereal beta-glucan in beverage conditions. Addition of ascorbic acid caused an immediate decrease in viscosity of the extract and the MW of beta-glucan. Citric and malic acid affected moderately and only after a heat treatement. This indicated a dominating role of ascorbic acid induced oxidative cleavage compared to the generally proposed acid hydrolysis of beta-glucan. The nature of ascorbic acid induced cleavage was studied with inhibitors (glucose, mannitol, catalase and phytic acid) and catalysts (Cu- and Fe-ions) of hydroxyl radical attacks. Glucose, mannitol and catalase inhibited and the metals effectively catalysed the viscosity decrease. These indicated that the degradation of beta-glucan in the ascorbic acid treated extract was induced by metal-catalysed hydroxyl radicals. Also, the beta-glucan extract used as a matrix lost its viscosity during storage (+6 °C) concurrently with MW decrease of beta-glucan. When added to the extract, mannitol, glucose and catalase each showed a slight stabilising trend and Fe²⁺-ions caused an immediate decrease in viscosity. The oxidative cleavage appeared to be an important factor to consider in developing novel aqueous beta-glucan enriched products.     

Role of exogenous phytohormones on growth and plumbagin accumulation in Plumbago indica hairy roots and conservation of elite root clones via synthetic seeds

The present study describes the role of different exogenous hormones on morphology and plumbagin production in Plumbago indica hairy roots. It was also aimed to conserve elite root clones via synthetic seed technology. Insertion of rolB gene in transformed roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction followed by southern blot analysis. Hairy roots were treated with single or in combination of different phytohormones viz. IAA, IBA, 2, 4-D, NAA, BAP, GA₃ and ABA. Cultures incubated with GA₃ (0.5 mg l⁻¹) yielded highest root growth due to formation of profuse lateral branching while NAA (0.5 mg l⁻¹) treatment caused highest plumbagin accumulation. Cultures incubated with 2, 4-D exhibited highest inhibitory effect in terms of both root growth and plumbagin production. All phytohormones were found to be effective at lower concentration. In combinatorial study, GA₃ + NAA (0.5 mg l⁻¹, each) was found optimum for root biomass and plumbagin production at earlier stage of culture. Different combinations of auxins and BAP induced different morphologies ranging from reduction of lateral branching to rapid disorganization of root matrix. The combinations of ABA and selected auxins were not found promising at any of selected concentration. Based on the effect of exogenous hormones on hairy root culture, elite root clones were selected and encapsulated with sodium alginate matrix. Uniform shaped alginate coated synthetic seeds were conserved up to 6 months exhibited high regeneration potential without disturbing plumbagin content.