生物技术在动物营养中的应用

生物技术的发展和应用已渗逢到生命科学的各个领域，生物技术应用于动物营养将极大促进动物营养学的发展。作者从基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程和微生物工程等4个方面来综述生物技术在动物营养中的应用现状。     

生物技术在蜜蜂产品中的应用进展

蜂产品被称为天然的营养保健品,为了保持蜂产品的原始特点,不破坏它丰富的营养价值,主要采用过滤、干燥、冷藏、辐射等初加工方法。随着科技的发展,采用了一些先进的加工技术,其中运用生物技术加工逐渐成为主流。本文着重介绍生物技术在蜂产品检测及深加工中的应用现状。     

生物技术对未来水产养殖业的影响

众所周知 ,鱼类是世界上大部分人口所需动物性蛋白质的重要来源之一。 1998年世界鱼产量(Worldfishproduction)约 115 0 0万t ,其中 84 %来自海洋 ,16 %来自内陆水域 ,其鱼产量包括捕捞和养殖两个部分。最近 10年中 ,鱼产量增长几乎全部来源于水产养殖。随着高新技术的发展 ,伴随着新学科的产生。生物技术 (或生物工程 )是一门刚发展起来的新兴学科。本世纪 80年代 ,人们将基因工程、细胞工程、微生物工程、酶工程统称为生物技术。近十几年来 ,生物技术研究迅猛发展 ,呈方兴未艾之势。特别是转基因动物 (Transgenicanimals)的研究 ,推动了…     

现代生物技术对畜牧业的影响

现代生物技术发展至今仅２０多年,从早期的单克隆抗体和基因剪切技术,发展到今天的基因治疗、转基因动物及生物芯片等,尽管它在生命科学研究和产业化方面产生了巨大的影响,但这也仅仅是个开始。有人曾预言:２１世纪将是生物技     

生物技术在动物营养上的应用现状及前景展望

生物技术广义上是指“生物系统的控制和应用”,一般意义上是指“利用生物的特定功能,通过现代工程技术的设计方法和手段来生产人类需要的各种物质或直接应用于工业、农业、医药等领域,以改造生物、赋予生物新的功能和培育出生物新品种等的工艺性综合技术体系”。生物技术分为两大类:一类是基因工程技术,它是生物技术的核心和尖端技术,包括基因分析、基因图谱、基因指纹、基因提取、基因重组、转基因改性生物技术以及基因库建立等;另一类是非基因工程技术,包括菌种的筛选和诱变、高密度发酵工程技术、细胞冷冻和冬眠、细胞体外培养、细胞杂交…     

Current perspectives on control of equine influenza

Influenza A viruses of the H3N8 subtype are a major cause of respiratory disease in horses. Subclinical infection with virus shedding can occur in vaccinated horses, particularly where there is a mismatch between the vaccine strains and the virus strains circulating in the field. Such infections contribute to the spread of the disease. Rapid diagnostic techniques are available for detection of virus antigen and can be used as an aid in control programmes. Improvements have been made to methods of standardising inactivated virus vaccines, and a direct relationship between vaccine potency measured by single radial diffusion and vaccine-induced antibody measured by single radial haemolysis has been demonstrated. Improved adjuvants and antigenic presentation systems extend the duration of immunity induced by inactivated virus vaccines, but high levels of antibody are required for protection against field infection. In addition to circulating antibody, infection with influenza virus stimulates mucosal and cellular immunity; unlike immunity to inactivated virus vaccines, infection-induced immunity is not dependent on the presence of circulating antibody to HA. Live attenuated or vectored equine influenza vaccines, which may better mimic the immunity generated by influenza infection than inactivated virus vaccines, are now available. Mathematical modelling based upon experimental and field data has been applied to examine issues relating to vaccine efficacy at the population level. A vaccine strain selection system has been implemented and a more global approach to the surveillance of equine influenza is being developed.     

苜蓿鲜草喂鹅的效果观察

为了探讨人工种植苜蓿鲜草喂鹅的饲养效果,推广种草养鹅技术,节约饲料用粮,降低荐殖成本,提高经济收入,辽宁省凌海市草原工作站丁2003年6月15日-8月11日,进行了苜蓿鲜草喂鹅效果试验观察,现报告如下。     

Influence of packaging materials on quality of fresh poultry

The deterioration of prepacked poultry in relation to the oxygen permeability of the packing film was studied. Bacterial growth at 4°C was inhibited by using a shrinkable polyvinylchloride film with a permeability to oxygen of approximately 500 ml/m² 24 h 1 atm but was little affected when a stretchable polyvinylchloride film with a permeability of approximately 3500 ml/m² 24 h 1 atm was used.

An advanced spoilage flora was observed with an unstretched and unshrunk polyethylene film 100 μm thick and with an oxygen permeability of about 500 ml/m² 24 h 1 atm. In this case the bacterial growth proceeded at the same rate as in unpacked chickens.

The formation of ammonia was completely inhibited by using stretchable or shrinkable polyvinylchloride film. However, in contrast the formation of ammonia was only slightly inhibited when polyethylene film was used.