The metabolism and residues of [14C]Endrin in lactating cows and laying hens

[¹⁴C]Endrin was fed to two lactating cows in a portion of their diet for 21 days. The intake was equivalent to approximately 0.1 mg of endrin per kg of total diet. Excretion of radioactivity in milk, urine and faeces reached equilibrium with intake between 4 and 9 days after starting treatment. Milk residues reached 0.003–0.006 mg/kg, were composed of unchanged endrin and were located in the fat. Muscle residues reached 0.001–0.002 mg/kg. Residues in the fat reached a maximum of 0.1 mg/kg and were due to unchanged endrin. [¹⁴C]Endrin was administered in corn oil to six laying hens for 21 weeks. The intake was equivalent to approximately 0.13 mg/kg of total diet. Ingestion and excretion were almost in balance at 16–20 weeks. Egg residues reached 0.11–0.18 mg/kg, were composed of unchanged endrin and were located in the yolk. Tissue residues were 0.01 mg/kg in breast, 0.1 mg/kg in leg, 0.17 mg/kg in kidney, 0.47 mg/kg in liver and 1.0 mg/kg in fat. The residues were accounted for as unchanged endrin except in liver and kidney in which part was probably due to polar metabolites in the process of excretion. The results show that endrin is much more rapidly metabolised in cows than in hens. The pathways of metabolism were fundamentally the same in both species, the major product being anti-12-hydroxyendrin, which was found un-conjugated in cow urine and faeces and as the O-sulphate conjugate in hen excreta. The only observed difference in primary metabolism was some syfl-12-hydroxyendrin and 12-ketoendrin in cows. This pathway was not detected in hens.     

The estimation of residue levels of promacyl and its metabolites in beef tissue and fat by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A method is described for the estimation of residues of the carbamate insecticide promacyl [5-methyl-m-cumenyl butyryl(methyl)carbamate] and its metabolites that are hydrolysable to isothymol (m-cymen-5-ol), using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to determine the isothymol. Clean-up of samples relied on the steam volatility of phenols. Recoveries at the 0.1 mg kg^?1 level varied from 72–88% for fat tissue and 81–91% for liver. The limits of detection were found to be 0.01 mg kg^?1 for and 0.02 mg kg^?1 for liver. A comparative study of the chromatography of sample extracts using both ultraviolet detection and electrochemical detection showed a substantial decrease in the level of interfering co-eluates in the latter method. A field trial, involving a single spray application of the formulated acaricide on milking cattle, revealed residues in the butter fat comparable with those found in a previous investigation.     

龙眼中吡唑醚菌酯及其代谢物BF-500-3残留分析

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测技术,建立了吡唑醚菌酯及其代谢物 BF-500-3 在龙眼中残留分析方法,并依据“农作物中农药残留试验准则”,开展了30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂 (SC) 在广东省广州市和云南省玉溪市两地龙眼上的田间残留试验,研究了吡唑醚菌酯及其代谢物 BF-500-3 在龙眼中的降解和转化规律。样品采用乙腈提取,经PSA和C₁₈吸附剂净化,HPLC-MS/MS检测分析。结果表明:在0.001、0.1及2 mg/kg添加水平下,吡唑醚菌酯和 BF-500-3 在龙眼中的平均回收率为84%~96%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为3.8%~6.7%,检出限 (LOD) 为0.25 × 10?3 mg/kg,定量限 (LOQ) 为0.001 mg/kg。田间试验结果显示:采用30%吡唑醚菌酯SC于龙眼初果期开始施药,施药剂量为有效成分375 mg/kg,施药3~4次,施药间隔7~10 d条件下,距末次施药后5、7、10 d分别取样测定,龙眼中吡唑醚菌酯及其代谢物 BF-500-3 的残留量分别为0.11~0.72和0.011~0.071 mg/kg。研究结果可为指导吡唑醚菌酯在田间的科学合理使用及制定其在龙眼上的最大残留限量 (MRL) 提供参考。     

Residue levels and cholinesterase activities in sheep poisoned experimentally with diazinon

Sheep were dosed orally with diazinon at 450 and 600 mg/kg: residues of diazinon were determined in the blood, brain, liver, kidney cortex and medulla, muscle, fat and rumen contents at intervals after dosing, and cholinesterase activities in the erythrocytes and the brain were determined at the same intervals. The relations between residues, cholinesterase activity and clinical symptoms are discussed from the points of view of their diagnostic value and the possibility of undesirable residues occurring in poisoned animals. Rough estimates of the residues of two metabolites, hydroxydiazinon and dehydro-diazinon, in one sheep are also discussed. The oxygen analogue of diazinon was not detected although it was specifically sought.     

Residues in blackcurrants,fodder peas,spinach and potatoes treated with sublethal doses of 2,4,5-T to simulate wind drift damage

Blackcurrants, treated with 0.1 kg of 2,4,5-T ha^?1 (as esters of mixed C₄–C₆ alcohols; ‘Tormona 80’), contained 0.1 mg of 2,4,5-T residues kg^?1 in the berries at ripeness 29 days after treatment. Total residues in the berries were not reduced during growth and ripening, although the residue concentrations declined in the same period due to growth dilution. In spinach leaves from old plants, treated with 0.1 kg ha^?1, 0.05 mg of 2,4,5-T kg^?1 was found 14 days after treatment. Fodder peas showed no residues (< 0.002 mg kg^?1) at harvest 62 days after treatment with 2,4,5-T esters. After application of 0.1 kg ha^?1 on potato plants, the disappearance of 2,4,5-T was rapid during the first month, but residues were translocated into the tubers and reached a constant level of 0.02 mg kg^?1 after 1 month until harvest at 108 days after treatment. In all crops, visible effects were observed after treatment with 0.1 kg ha^?1. After the application at 0.01 kg ha^?1, phytotoxic effects were observed only in blackcurrants, but negligible residues were found in all the test crops.     

Residues of zeta‐cypermethrin in bovine tissues and milk following pour‐on and spray application

The depletion of zeta‐cypermethrin residues in bovine tissues and milk was studied. Beef cattle were treated three times at 3‐week intervals with 1 ml 10 kg^?1 body weight of a 25 g litre^?1 or 50 g litre^?1 pour‐on formulation (2.5 and 5.0 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 body weight) or 100 mg kg^?1 spray to simulate a likely worst‐case treatment regime. Friesian and Jersey dairy cows were treated once with 2.5 mg zeta‐cypermethrin kg^?1 in a pour‐on formulation. Muscle, liver and kidney residue concentrations were generally less than the limit of detection (LOD = 0.01 mg kg^?1). Residues in renal‐fat and back‐fat samples from animals treated with 2.5 mg kg^?1 all exceeded the limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.05 mg kg^?1), peaking at 10 days after treatment. Only two of five kidney fat samples were above the LOQ after 34 days, but none of the back‐fat samples exceeded the LOQ at 28 days after treatment. Following spray treatments, fat residues were detectable in some animals but were below the LOQ at all sampling intervals. Zeta‐cypermethrin was quantifiable (LOQ = 0.01 mg kg^?1) in only one whole‐milk sample from the Friesian cows (0.015 mg kg^?1, 2 days after treatment). In whole milk from Jersey cows, the mean concentration of zeta‐cypermethrin peaked 1 day after treatment, at 0.015 mg kg^?1, and the highest individual sample concentration was 0.025 mg kg^?1 at 3 days after treatment. Residues in milk were not quantifiable beginning 4 days after treatment. The mean concentrations of zeta‐cypermethrin in milk fat from Friesian and Jersey cows peaked two days after treatment at 0.197 mg kg^?1 and 0.377 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the highest individual sample concentrations were 2 days after treatment at 0.47 mg kg^?1 and 0.98 mg kg^?1, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Seasonal Fluctuations in the Concentration of BHC Residues in Butter

Marked seasonal changes in the BHC content of butter in Northern Ireland are reported. Levels of alpha-BHC rise to a maximum of between 0.5 and 0.9 mg/kg on a fat basis in January and February, falling to between 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg in late summer and early autumn. The use of veterinary preparations containing technical BHC for the control of lice infection in the winter months would appear to be responsible for such fluctuations. Maximum BHC contamination of milk in January and February probably arises by direct ingestion or skin absorption of externally applied BHC and subsequent transfer from the bloodstream to the milk fat. A later smaller contamination peak in the April/May period is probably due to mobilisation of BHC stored in the body fat of the animals during the first weeks after parturition.     

多菌灵在杭白菊及其土壤中的残留消解动态

通过田间植株直接施药-定期采样提取-高效液相色谱分析的方法,研究了多菌灵在杭白菊胎菊、菊花及土壤中的残留消解动态,测定了多菌灵在杭白菊胎菊和菊花中的最终残留量,并在室内探讨了不同温度对干胎菊和干菊花中多菌灵消解的影响。结果表明:在0.675和1.00 kg/hm2 2个施药剂量下,多菌灵在杭白菊土壤、胎菊和菊花中的消解半衰期分别为7.98~8.34 d、3.90~4.05 d和3.31~3.45 d;不同温度下,干胎菊和干菊花中多菌灵的半衰期存在显著性差异(P2的剂量喷雾施用2次,第2次施药后21 d时多菌灵在干胎菊和干菊花中的残留量分别为0.182~0.294 mg/kg和0.371~0.381 mg/kg,远低于我国制定的多菌灵在怀菊中的最大残留限量标准(5 mg/kg)。     

田间条件下氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的残留及消解动态

为明确氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的残留行为,于2012和2013年在中国广东省和广西自治区进行了氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的田间残留及消解动态试验,建立了芒果中氟唑菌酰胺及吡唑醚菌酯残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用丙酮提取,乙酸乙酯液-液分配萃取,弗罗里硅土柱层析净化,高效液相色谱-二级管阵列紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的消解半衰期分别为7.2～9.1和8.0～11.0 d;采用42.4%吡唑醚菌酯·氟唑菌酯胺悬浮剂（SC）,分别按有效成分200和300 mg/L的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药3～4次,施药间隔期为10～15 d,距最后一次施药后7和14 d采样测定,芒果中氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯的残留量分别为0.004～0.053和0.004～0.072 mg/kg。其中,吡唑醚菌酯残留量符合中国制定的最大残留限量（MRL）标准（0.05 mg/kg）,根据试验结果,建议中国可将氟唑菌酰胺在芒果上的MRL值暂定为0.2 mg/kg。     

毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留及消解动态

为探明毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留消解动态和最终残留量,于2013-2015年在浙江省临海市进行了毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留消解动态和最终残留量试验。结果表明:于杨梅春梢（幼果）生长期,在树冠均匀喷施48%毒死蜱乳油800倍液1次的施药条件下,毒死蜱在‘东魁’和‘临海早大梅’2个品种果实中的消解动态基本一致,均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.60~5.78 d,降解速度较快。综合3年试验结果,施药后23 d,毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留量为0.26~0.45 mg/kg,低于中国（苹果、梨、荔枝和龙眼）及日本（其他浆果）最大残留限量标准（MRL,1 mg/kg）;施药后34 d,毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留量为0.074~0.28 mg/kg,低于香港草莓中MRL值（0.3 mg/kg）;但施药后44 d,毒死蜱在果实中的残留量为0.073~0.13 mg/kg,仍高于欧盟蓝莓及桑椹中毒死蜱的MRL值（0.05 mg/kg）。膳食风险评估结果表明,施药后23、27、34和44 d采收的杨梅果实中毒死蜱对2~6岁、7~14岁、18~30岁和60~70岁4类人群的膳食摄入风险商值及急性膳食风险均较低,处于安全水平。     

The dietary toxicity of flocoumafen to hens: Elimination and accumulation following repeated oral administration

In a dietary toxicity study, laying hens received a diet containing the rodenticide flocoumafen at concentrations of 1.5, 5, 10 and 50 mg kg^?1 for five consecutive days. The LC₅₀ at termination following a 28-day observation period was 16.4 mg kg^?1. Livers of birds which received doses of flocoumafen between 5 and 50 mg kg^?1 had concentrations of flocoumafen (1.5 nmol g^?1) that were independent of dose. The data indicate the presence in hen liver of a saturable high-affinity flocoumafen binding site with similar characteristics and capacity to that of the quail and rat. Residues of flocoumafen in samples of breast and leg muscle were low in all exposure groups. Higher, dose-related residues were found in samples of abdominal fat and skin-associated fat and there was a clear demonstration of the transfer of dose-related residues into eggs. In a separate study in which hens were dosed with [¹⁴C]flocoumafen for five consecutive days at a daily rate of 1 and 4 mg kg^?1 body weight, the majority (68 %) of the daily radioactive dose was eliminated over the following 24 hours via excreta. Residues in liver at death or when killed accounted for < 1 % of the cumulative administered radioactivity. Residues in eggs were located primarily in the yolk with maximum concentrations 1.0 mg kg^?1 or 0.18% of the low dose; 2.1 mg kg^?1 or 0.06% of the high dose as [¹⁴C]flocoumafen equivalents were observed at 10 days after start of dosing. Some 40 % of the total activity in the yolk was unchanged flocoumafen.     

异丙草胺在玉米和土壤中的残留及消解动态

采用气相色谱-微池电子俘获检测器(GC-μECD)测定了900 g/L异丙草胺乳油在土壤、玉米植株和玉米籽粒中的消解动态和最终残留。土壤、玉米植株和籽粒样品用石油醚-丙酮(1∶1,体积比)提取,经液液萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,GC-μECD检测,外标法定量。结果表明:异丙草胺在各供试样品中的添加水平为0.011～1.1 mg/kg时,回收率在78.8%～96.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.54%～10.5%;在土壤、玉米植株和籽粒中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.011 mg/kg。异丙草胺在土壤和玉米植株中的半衰期,2009年分别为4.7～5.3 d和4.1～4.5 d,2010年分别为5.4～5.5 d和4.9～5.4 d。按推荐高剂量(有效成分)2 400 g/hm2及其1.5倍剂量(3 600 g/hm2)施药,于玉米苗后茎叶初期施药1次,在玉米乳熟期和成熟期时,玉米籽粒中异丙草胺的最终残留量均低于定量限。玉米收获时(距施药45 d),土壤和玉米中的异丙草胺残留量均低于参考的MRL值(0.1 mg/kg),说明按规定在玉米田使用900 g/L的异丙草胺乳油是安全的。     

Protective action of fenvalerate,deltamethrin, and four stereoisomers of permethrin against black flies (Simulium spp.) attacking cattle

Fenvalerate, deltamethrin, (1R)-cis-permethrin, (1R)-trans-permethrin and (1S)-trans-permethrin, applied topically to the entire body surface of steers at a rate of 1 mg a.i. kg⁻¹, provided 70% or better protection from black flies on cattle for 16, 9, 8, 6 and 6 days, respectively. The (1S)-cis stereoisomer of permethrin was ineffective as a protectant against black flies at a rate of 1 mg a.i. kg⁻¹ when applied as a total body spray. One poly(vinyl chloride) ear tag containing 10% permethrin, in each ear of steers, provided protection from black fly attack for up to 13 days under field conditions. Poly(vinyl chloride) ear tags containing 8% fenvalerate, installed in each ear of steers, did not provide satisfactory protection from black flies under field conditions.     

四聚乙醛在烟草和土壤中的残留检测与消解动态

建立了烟草和土壤中四聚乙醛残留量的气相色谱分析方法。样品中残留的四聚乙醛用二氯甲烷提取,中性氧化铝与活性炭混合柱净化,偏重亚硫酸钠溶液除去游离醛,所得的四聚乙醛经盐酸解聚成乙醛,乙醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼进行衍生化反应,经硅胶柱净化,GC-NPD测定其衍生物。方法的最小检出量为0.04 ng,最低检出浓度为0.02~0.10 mg/kg;3个添加水平的平均回收率为86%~100%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%(n=5)。四聚乙醛在烟草及土壤中的残留试验结果表明:烟草植株对四聚乙醛的吸收在施药后4~5 d达到高峰,之后缓慢下降,到21 d已接近最低检出浓度0.04 mg/kg;其在土壤中的半衰期约为4 d;在推荐使用剂量下,四聚乙醛在干烟叶中的残留量低于最低检出浓度0.10 mg/kg,不会对烟草造成残留污染。     

Residues of the carbamate acaricide, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl-N(n-butanoyl)-N-methylcarbamate (promacyl) and two metabolites in the tissues and milk of cattle

In order to assess some of the residue characteristics of the experimental carbamate acaricide, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl-N-(n-butanoyl-)-N-methylcarbamate (promacyl) a 0.2 % aqueous emulsion was applied to cattle in a series of five trials and in a sixth, the technical product was added to the feed of stalled cattle. A method of analysis involving the formation of a derivative suitable for gas chromatographic analysis on electron capture detection mode was developed. Separate estimations of levels of the parent compound and the metabolites, 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenyl -N-methylcarbamate and 3-methyl-5- isopropylphenol, were carried out on fatty tissues and butterfat but for non-fatty tissues “total” levels, which were a combined estimate of 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol itself and all substances hydrolysable to it, were estimated and quoted as Promacyl. The highest group average level of the parent compound was 0.9 part/million in fatty tissues 24 h after the last of 8 applications at 3 day intervals. In a single spray trial the maximum group average of 0.7 part/million in fatty tissues 24 h after treatment fell to 0.2 part/million after 5 days. Residues in butterfat, 7 h after a single dermal application showed a maximum level of 1.2 parts/million and this declined to 0.1 part/million on the seventh day after treatment. “Total” residues in non-fatty tissues were of the order of 1/10 those found in fatty tissues.     

韭菜中腐霉利的残留检测及长期膳食暴露评估

建立了一种简便、高效的QuEChERS前处理结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测韭菜中腐霉利残留量的方法.于2019年在中国黑龙江、辽宁、河南、山东、安徽、湖南、广西及福建8地开展了田间规范残留试验,研究了腐霉利在韭菜中的残留风险,并进行了韭菜中腐霉利残留的长期膳食暴露评估.样品采用乙腈提取,N-丙基...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测吲唑磺菌胺在烟叶中的残留及消解动态

为研究吲唑磺菌胺在烟草中的残留消解特征,建立了采用Qu ECh ERS前处理与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测相结合的烟叶中吲唑磺菌胺残留量的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂净化,液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱法检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,吲唑磺菌胺在鲜烟叶和干烟叶中的平均回收率分别为88%~93%和93%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%~13.9%和6.7%~7.4%,定量限(LOQ)分别为0.01和0.02 mg/kg。利用该方法分别于2013年和2014年检测了山东和四川烟叶中吲唑磺菌胺的残留消解动态和最终残留量。结果表明:吲唑磺菌胺在烟叶中的半衰期为5.1~9.8 d;按照有效成分105和157.5 g/hm2的剂量,分别施药3次和4次,距末次施药14 d后,烟叶中吲唑磺菌胺残留量为LOQ~5.95 mg/kg。     

Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects

Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK.     

对氯苯氧乙酸钠在荔枝和土壤中的残留行为

建立了对氯苯氧乙酸钠在荔枝和土壤中的残留分析方法,并在广州和南宁进行了8%对氯苯氧乙酸钠可溶性粉剂在荔枝上残留的田间试验,研究了对氯苯氧乙酸钠在荔枝和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留量。样品用碱溶液提取,盐酸调节pH值至2.5后乙酸乙酯萃取,采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列紫外检测器(HPLC-PDA)检测。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,对氯苯氧乙酸钠在荔枝和土壤中的平均回收率为81%~85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~4.6%,检出限(LOD)为0.005 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg。田间试验结果表明:8%对氯苯氧乙酸钠可溶性粉剂在荔枝和土壤中的半衰期分别为3.2~5.9 d和15.2~20.6 d,属易降解农药。最终残留量测定结果显示:8%对氯苯氧乙酸钠可溶性粉剂按有效成分20和30 mg/L分别施药2次,广州和南宁两地收获期荔枝中对氯苯氧乙酸钠的残留量均＜0.01 mg/kg。     

噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在节瓜中的消解动态及初步膳食风险评估

为明确噻虫嗪在节瓜上的残留行为,于2015年在广东和上海两地进行了噻虫嗪在节瓜上的规范田间残留试验,建立了节瓜中噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测方法。样品用乙腈提取,经氨基固相萃取小柱净化,HPLC-MS/MS 检测,外标法定量。结果表明:噻虫嗪在节瓜上的消解半衰期为4.98~5.84 d;采用25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂 (WG),分别按有效成分75和112.5 g/hm2 的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药2~3次,每次施药间隔期为7~10 d,距最后一次施药后3、5、7 d 采样测定,节瓜中噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的残留量分别为0.010~0.422 mg/kg和 <0.010~0.020 mg/kg。膳食摄入风险初步评估结果显示:其风险商值 (RQ) 为0.044,表明噻虫嗪的长期膳食摄入风险较低。目前中国尚未制定噻虫嗪在节瓜上的最大允许残留限量 (MRL) 标准,根据试验结果,建议中国可将噻虫嗪在节瓜上的MRL值暂定为1 mg/kg。