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西小磨1996年和1997年7-8月期间248个调查数据显示,NO2-N浓度范围和平均值沿岸分别是1.3-22.2μg/L和5.7μg/L,虾池分别是1.1-13.5μg/L和6.6μg/L,NO3-N范围和平均值沿岸分别是1.3-214.2μg/L5和70.7μg/L,虾池是2.3-159.7μg/L和36.1μg/L。NH4-N范围和平均值沿岸分别是未检出-37.9μg/L和6.7μg/L,虾池是未检出-106.8μg/L和10.8μg/L。PO4-P范围和平均值沿岸分别间1.6-11.0μg/L和4.9μg/L,虾池是0.74-18.8μg/L和4.0μg/L。虾池中氮、磷的特点是浓度上限值和平均值远较非养殖的远岸外海区高,氮、磷的变化趋势并不总是一致,降雨能导致虾池NO3-N和NO2-N的大幅度提高,但不能影响PO4-P和NH4-N。 相似文献
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条斑紫菜对高浓度氮、磷的耐受性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验结果表明,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及正常生长发育,可适应与耐受的氮质量浓度50~150 mg/L,磷质量浓度5~15 mg/L.当氮质量浓度超过150 mg/L时,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长发育受到抑制;而磷质量浓度超过15 mg/L时,对条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长产生抑制,紫菜果孢子囊的形成则可耐受磷质量浓度25 mg/L. 相似文献
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应用龙须菜降低厦门海域海水中氮、磷的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验是在完全开放的自然海区条件下对龙须菜吸收富营养的海水中N、P效果进行探讨。结果表明:在试验期间,正常栽培的龙须菜表层的平均增重5440.7g/条,深层的平均增重2077.4g/条。表层的龙须菜吸收海水中N量为27.40g/条、P量为1.76g/条,深层的龙须菜吸收海水中N量为10.46g/条、P量为0.68g/条。在试验期间,示范区海水的总N、总P含量呈下降趋势,在2007年12月4日试验期开始,海水中的总N、总P平均含量分别为1.428mg/L、0.141mg/L;到了2008年1月23日试验期结束,海水中的总N、总P平均含量分别为1.175mg/L、0.068mg/L,分别平均下降了17.8%、51.7%。表明龙须菜吸收海水中的N、P效果是相当显著的。 相似文献
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水库有养鱼水面130亩,一般水深约10m。应用“生氧量生物测验法”进行多次挂瓶培养试验,得出结论,水库施化肥时,以 N:P_(2)O_5=1:0.2-0.3为宜,氮肥浓度为0.2831ppm。 相似文献
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武汉东湖是人工放养的湖泊,每年要投放大量以鲢、鳙为主的大规格鱼种。近20~30年来,大量生活污水和工业废水排入东湖,使水体磷、氮含量显著增加,富营养化日趋严重。东湖每年渔获量中,鲢、鳙鱼占90%以上。为评价鲢、鳙在东湖水体磷、氮循环中的作用并为研究该... 相似文献
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不同氮、磷浓度下亚心形扁藻的生长及水体中氮、磷变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自然条件下,采用湛水107-13营养液为基础配方,在经消毒处理的天然海水中添加不同氮、磷质量浓度的营养盐进行亚心形扁藻的培养。结果表明,当氮、磷质量比为17时,最适合亚心形扁藻的生长。不同磷质量浓度梯度对亚心形扁藻的生长和生长率K具有显著性的影响(P<0.05)。当磷质量浓度为8 mg/L时,其相对生长常数和生长率K值均高于其他质量浓度处理。不同氮质量浓度梯度对亚心形扁藻生长具有显著性影响(P<0.05),但对亚心形扁藻生长率K的影响不显著(P>0.05)。高质量浓度氮对亚心形扁藻的生长影响作用最大(P<0.05)。在培养过程中,高质量浓度氮、磷培养液中NO3--N和PO43--P的下降速率高于低质量浓度中NO3--N和PO43--P浓度的变化,并呈现出显著性的差异(P<0.05)。表明在高质量浓度营养盐条件下培养亚心形扁藻,会导致营养盐相对利用率的下降。 相似文献
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鳌山湾氮、磷营养盐的分布及变化特征 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
1996年11月-1998年5月在鳌山湾进行了6个航次的调查,根据所获资料分析了氮、磷的含量变化及分布情况。结果表明,鳌山湾氮磷营养盐的分布以北高南低为主,有明显的季节变化;溶解无机氮在冬、春季由沱底东北向湾外呈减小趋势,在夏、秋季由北向南呈增加趋势;无机磷(IP)基本上由北向南呈减小趋势;溶解无机氮的组成在大部分时间主要以NO3^- -N形态存在。鳌山湾水体的营养水平较低,NO3^- -N浓度范围为0.4-59.62μmol/L,IP为0.03-14.68μmol/L,特别是氮浓度较低,故该湾为氮元素限制海区。 相似文献
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以“东海区虾蟹资源调查”课题在1998年8月和1999年2月获得的东海水文、虾类调查资料为基础,结合参考资料,对东海北部海区(30°N以北、128°E以西)的葛氏长臂虾密度分布规律进行了分析,对硝酸盐浓度分布进行了研究。虾类调查采用单船桁杆式拖网扫海,调查时间与硝酸盐采样同步。结果发现:(1)硝酸盐浓度分布受长江冲淡水影响很大,夏、冬有别;(2)夏、冬季葛氏长臂虾的密度分布均与硝酸盐浓度分布成反比关系,且吻合较好;(3)葛氏长臂虾的密度分布在很大程度上取决于长江冲淡水的走向。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):55-69
Abstract The effect of nitrate concentration on giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae was investigated. Survival rate, weight gain, and larval development were evaluated for different concentrations of nitrate in three experiments. The experiments were divided in to two phases. In the first phase, larvae from stages I through VIII were analysed, while in the second phase larvae from stage VIII through post-larvae metamorphosis were analysed. Oxygen consumption was also determined for zoea I, II, and VIII exposed to 0, 700, and 1,000 mg/L of nitrate-N. No effect was observed for concentrations up to 180 mg/L NO3-N (experiments I and II), and nitrate levels as 1,000 mg/L NO3-N did not affect survival in the first phase of the third experiment. On the other hand, larval stage index (LSI) and weight gain decreased as nitrate-N concentration increased from 0 to 1,000 mg/L. In the second phase, survival and metamorphosis rate decreased as nitrate concentration increased, according to a linear model. The effect of nitrate levels on weight gain followed a curvilinear pattern. Larval respiration decreased in the water where nitrate was added, but only during stage II. The results demonstrated that nitrate presents extremely low toxicity for giant river prawn larvae, and data were related to the levels of nitrate that usually occur in larviculture systems also discussed. Therefore, nitrate is not a limiting factor for giant river prawn larviculture. 相似文献
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黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
In order to protect scientifically the fishery resources and eco-environment of Yellow River , nine investigatioins on hydrobios in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River had been carried out since 2002 according to The Standard for the investigation of inland fishery resources. The investigations showed the present status of the fishery resources in these reaches are as follows :87species (genera)and 8 phylum of phytoplankton,42 species and 6 phylum of zooplankton, 14 species(genera) of banthic organism , 5 species of hydroplant, 38 species of fish. A comparative analysis,With the results of "the Yellow River Fishery Resources Survey in 1982",shows that the general trend of the plankton is that the average biomass is getting apparently decreased, the aboriginal fishes are endangered intensifically, and there must be some problem of aquatic biological invasion in these reaches. A granual miniaturization of fishes in main Yellow River has been noticed. The authors proposed to carry out investigation and researches on hydrobios resources in main Yellow River , and develop plans to protect the fishery resources in yellow River, which will be an important basis for rehabilitation of the Yellow River waters and it's ecological environment, for the maintenance of biological diversity of Yellow River's waters. And this work will be of great significance for people's life and sustainable development of economics in Yellow River basin. 相似文献
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海河流域农业非点源污染评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
伴随着我国经济的快速增长,人类活动和资源环境的矛盾加剧,水资源短缺和水环境污染的形势严峻。海河流域是中国的政治、经济和文化中心,在国民经济中具有重要的战略地位,然而它却是中国水污染最严重的流域。本文通过分析评价现有大尺度流域非点源污染负荷估算方法,建立了适合现有数据条件并有一定精确性的大尺度流域农业非点源污染负荷估算方法一“三维”系数估算法,估算农业非点源污染负荷量,评价农业非点源污染对水体污染的影响,并在此基础之上,提出了介于环境资源的公共物品属性决定了控制农业非点源污染必须由政府主导、公众广泛参与。海河流域要重点抓好畜禽养殖污染的控制,大力推广生态畜牧业。积极推进“农村清洁工程”,改善农村生活条件。 相似文献
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孔石莼和角叉菜对硝酸氮、磷的吸收及其生化组成变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在 150L容器中添加氮、磷营养盐本实验研究了大型海藻孔石莼和角叉菜去除硝酸盐和磷酸盐营养盐的效果,以及营养盐硝酸盐浓度对大型藻类藻类生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,高浓度硝酸盐浓度(30mg/L;N30)下海藻生长速度速率低于低浓度硝酸盐浓度(10mg/L;N10)。2种硝酸盐浓度下,孔石莼的生长速率均明显著大于高于角叉菜。高硝酸盐浓度N30下2种海藻对硝酸盐态氮的平均去除率均显著高于低硝酸盐浓度N10下(P<0.05);低硝酸盐浓度N10下两种海藻对硝酸盐态氮的平均去除率无显著差异(P>0.05),高硝酸盐浓度N30下角叉菜去除率显著高于孔石莼(P<0.05)。2种藻类对磷酸盐态磷的平均去除率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。一级反应动力学方程可以较好地描述孔石莼和角叉菜去除水中的硝酸盐和磷酸盐过程。,并可大致分为3个阶段。经10 d培养后添加氮、磷培养的2种海藻体内水分含量变化不大,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则有所增加。;并且高浓度硝酸盐N30培养海藻的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均略高于低浓度硝酸盐培养海藻。 相似文献
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Matthew L. Keefer Gregory A. Taylor Douglas F. Garletts Chad K. Helms Greg A. Gauthier Todd M. Pierce Christopher C. Caudill 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(2):222-234
Abstract – High‐head dams in Oregon’s Willamette River basin inhibit seaward migration and present significant mortality risks to ESA‐listed juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Over 7 years, we passively collected 13,365 downstream‐migrating juvenile salmon in rivers above and below Willamette dams. Most salmon emigrated from upstream sites in February–June, but passed dams in November–February when reservoirs were drawn down near annual lows, and access to deep‐water passage routes improved. Samples collected above reservoirs were dominated by subyearlings, whereas below‐dam samples were a phenotypically diverse mix of subyearling, yearling and older salmon. The life history data indicated that Willamette reservoirs seasonally entrap many salmon and some sea‐ready smolts probably residualise. Annual dam‐passage mortality estimates were 8–59% (mean = 26%). Individual salmon mortality risk increased significantly with body length and varied with reservoir elevation and discharge. Operational changes that allow timely volitional emigration and development of less hazardous passage routes would benefit this threatened population. 相似文献
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长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为研究上海青草沙水库的鱼类物种组成、多样性及其空间变化,2010年7--10月在该水库共捕获鱼类993尾,隶属5目,18种,其中淡水鲤形目鱼类最多,占总物种数的72.2%.群落优势种为贝氏(鳖)、刀鲚、鲫、光泽黄颡鱼.聚类分析表明,鱼类群落类型存在较显著的空间差异,刺网网目大小对渔获物物种组成有较显著的影响.物种多样性与丰富度和均匀度均显著正相关,但更多地受丰富度的影响.单因素方差分析表明,鱼类物种多样性在空间上无显著差异.4种摄食功能群中,无脊椎动物食性(44.4%)和杂食性(33.3%)鱼类物种数比例较高;4种生态类群中,定居性鱼类占绝对优势(77.8%).青草沙水库鱼类群落表现出淡水或长江口低盐淡水区鱼类区系的主要特征,与以近海鲈形目鱼类为优势的长江口邻近水域的鱼类群落差异巨大,推测水库建设导致的隔离与盐度下降是形成该水库鱼类群落趋于淡水区系的主要原因. 相似文献
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于2008年4月至2009年5月之间,对武关河自然保护区附近流域的水生生物种群进行了调查,分析该区域的自然概况和水生生物的种群、分布及多样性情况。从位置、地质地貌、气候、河流、土壤等方面,发现该处自然条件优越,为生物种群生存提供天然场所。据初步统计,该区域水生生物有浮游植物7门39属,浮游动物共15种,大型甲壳动物和软体动物6种,水生昆虫9种,鱼类35种,两栖动物4种,哺乳动物1种。并总结了全年水质变化情况和水生态系统的内部关系,为今后的进一步调查做一参考。 相似文献