菠萝提取物饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

菠萝提取物饲料添加剂是一种天然植物制剂,为了探讨菠萝提取物饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响,本试验进行了断奶仔猪饲养试验研究。试验结果表明使用菠萝提取物饲料添加剂,仔猪血清IgG含量提高10.14%(P0.05)和19.05%(P0.05)。由此证明菠萝提取物饲料添加剂在提高断奶仔猪免疫功能方面起到重要的作用,从而为肉猪的抗菌素替代开辟了一条新途径。     

肉猪用中药饲料添加剂的抑菌和毒理学试验

为研究中药饲料添加剂的抑菌和毒理学效果,设计两种肉猪专用的中药饲料添加剂提取液进行抑菌效果试验和毒理学试验。结果表明,大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的抑菌圈直径,试验A组分别比试验B组高2.1 mm、2.1 mm、0.7 mm和1.8 mm;大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,试验A组分别比试验B组低0.18 mg/mL、0.25 mg/mL、0.13 mg/mL和0.10 mg/mL;大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的最小杀菌浓度试验A组分别比试验B组低0.32 mg/mL、0.25 mg/mL、0.12 mg/mL和0.24 mg/mL。急性攻毒试验和蓄积毒性试验结果表明,两组肉猪中草药饲料添加剂是无毒类物质,说明本试验设计的两种中药组方在肉猪饲养过程中可以作为中药添加剂使用,且试验A组的抑菌效果强于试验B组。     

高铜复合添加剂对提高猪增重效果

近年来,有关在生长肉猪饲粮中添加高剂量(125～250ppm)铜,可提高增重和饲料效率的报道较多。这些试验多数是在较全价的配合饲料条件下进行的。但对于添加高剂量铜与氨基酸,抑菌促长剂等组成的复合型添加剂喂猪的报道,目前尚少。为探讨在我县混合饲料条件下使用高铜复合添加剂对生长肉猪增重的效果,我们于1991年6月28日至8月28日,在县畜禽良种繁殖场进行了为期61天的饲养试验。     

用鸡粪代替部分饲料饲养肉猪的试验

饲料费用占养猪成本60—80％。因此开辟廉价饲料资源,降低饲养成本,即成为提高养猪经济效益的关键。鸡粪喂猪,已被国内外许多试验证实是可行的。本期发表一篇内仔鸡粪喂肉猪的试验报告,意在提请大家重视挖掘这一粮食以外的饲料资源。不只限于肉猪,也可用于喂母猪。凡有鸡粪资源可利用的地方,都可做些试验,找出一些好的处理方法,确定对各类猪的适宜喂量,推而广之。     

“新一牌”肉猪全价饲料饲养试验

目前,市场上肉猪饲料品种繁多,各有特点,实际饲养效果及最终经济效益差异较大,而广大饲养户欢迎质优价廉、使用方便的全价猪饲料.“新一牌”肉猪全价饲料是目前市场上新上市的全价饲料,为了验证其对肉猪增重、饲料成本及经济效益方面的效能,我们采用“新一牌”肉猪全价饲料与市场畅销而且效果较好的全价饲料作对比,于1993年4月3日至8月8日,在上海市青东农场畜牧场进行试验,现将试验结果报道如下.     

浙农PCS—1与正大SP5—B添加剂饲喂肉猪试验

近年来,我国的饲料业取得了可喜的进展,广大的动物营养和饲料研究工作者,研制出了不少廉价高效、可与合资企业同类产品媲美的新颖饲料产品。浙农PCS—1肉猪分离型复合添加剂就是其中之一。为进一步验证浙农PCS—1的饲养效果,我们于1992年3月至6月在萧山市种畜场与正大SP5—B肉猪添加剂进行了饲养对比试验。     

不同饲料添加剂对肉猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

我市饲料添加剂品种繁多,使用效果不一。为了选择最佳饲料添加剂．提高肉猪生产性能和经济效益,我们于1997年11月～1998年2月在宁波市畜禽良种场应用四种不同饲料添加剂作对比试验,以探讨不同饲料添加剂对肉猪育肥性能和胴体品质的影响。现将试验结果报告如下：1试验材料与方法1．1试验猪：选择60日龄转群、体况良好及体重相当的“社长大”肉猪43头,按窝别随机分成四组,每组10～11头。1．2添加剂选择：Ⅰ组采用“金大地’”添加剂、Ⅱ组采用“爱华”添加剂、Ⅲ组采用“杭江”添加剂、Ⅳ组采用“太湖3号”添加剂。1．3试验方法：60日龄…     

“比得好”与“翠竹”添加剂喂猪试验

为了探讨不同牌子的肉猪用饲料添加剂的喂猪效果,以便在我市推广应用最佳的饲料添加剂喂猪提供科学依据,我们按照市农牧局畜牧科的试验设计方案和要求,在市郊龙新村卢业智专业户进行了为期60天的“比得好”与“翠竹”肉猪用饲料添加剂喂猪的试验,现报告如下: 一、试验材料与方法 1、试验饲料:为梧州市饲料公司生产的中猪混合粉料;其日粮营养水平为:消化能3000千卡/公斤,粗蛋白13.5％,粗纤维     

硒饲料添加剂在动物养殖中的应用

本文介绍了硒的生物学功能,富硒酵母的优点,以及其作为饲料添加剂的安全性,综述了硒饲料添加剂在肉猪、家禽、反刍动物、水产动物养殖以及宠物狗猫饲养中的应用。     

使用天然添加剂提高猪肉品质的研究

在夏季干式养殖模式下,通过应用天然中草药及微生态饲料添加剂,研究其对肉猪生长、抗病能力和猪肉品质等生理学方面的变化。结果表明,在保证不发病的同时,可在一定程度上达到减少药物和饲料添加剂的不合理使用,提高肉猪的抗病能力和猪肉食用品质,提高干式养殖模式的饲养效果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …